Emissions of Volatile Compounds and Solids during Additive Manufacturing by the FFF Method
Source abstract
Abstract
The rapid development of the additive manufacturing industry is a great opportunity both for the development of the industry in the context of rapid prototyping and for hobbyists using 3D printers at home. At the same time, such a rapid technological development poses a significant challenge for specialists dealing with sources of pollutant emissions to the environment as well as for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) specialists dealing with the assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace. In this article, the authors demonstrate the legitimacy of the concern regarding issues relating to emissions from the 3D printing process, in particular FFF (fused filament fabrication). We carried out tests on the emission of volatile organic compounds from the printer chamber and compared them with the results of analyses conducted for the same materials in laboratory conditions by heating in a vial. They showed that the spectrometric analysis differed in both cases, which proved a clear influence of the parameters of additive manufacturing on both the amount and type of the emitted substances. The article also presents the sizes and shapes of the solid particles emitted during the process and aggregated during pollutant analyses.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Air Quality and Health Impacts · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 5 M. Skłodowska-Curie Square, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Funding
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Application of 3D Printing Casting Models for Disamatch Forming Method10.24425/afe.2019.129637 ↗
2. Methodology of Low Cost Rapid Manufacturing of Anatomical Models with Material Imitation of Soft Tissues10.12913/22998624/113426 ↗
3. Łukaszewski, K., Wichniarek, R., and Górski, F. (2020). Determination of the Elasticity Modulus of Additively Manufactured Wrist Hand Orthoses. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13194379 ↗
4. Prototyping of individual ankle orthosis using additive manufacturing technologies10.12913/22998624/76070 ↗
5. Kalaskar, D.M. (2017). 3D Printing in Medicine, Woodhead Publishing.
6. Ahmad, N., Gopinath, P., and Dutta, R. (2019). 3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine, Elsevier.
7. RadioGraphic Update: Medical 3D Printing for the Radiologist10.1148/rg.2020190217 ↗
8. Application of low-cost 3D printing for production of CT-based individual surgery supplies
9. Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.050 ↗
10. Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted during operation of a desktop 3D printer10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.014 ↗
11. Characterization of particle emissions from consumer fused deposition modeling 3D printers10.1080/02786826.2017.1342029 ↗
12. Karwasz, A., Osiński, F., and Łukaszewski, K. (2022). Pollutants Emitted from 3D Printers onto Operators. Sustainability, 14.10.3390/su14031400 ↗
13. Diesel engine exhaust—Principles and methods of occupational exposure assessment
14. Characterization of volatile organic compound emissions from consumer level material extrusion 3D printers10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106209 ↗
15. Chemical composition and toxicity of particles emitted from a consumer-level 3D printer using various materials10.1021/acs.est.9b04168 ↗
16. Additive Manufacturing: Possible Problems with Indoor Air Quality10.1016/j.promfg.2019.10.020 ↗
17. Monitoring Indoor Air Quality in Additive Manufacturing environment10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.113 ↗
18. Opportunities to evaluate emission of particulate matter from the combustion engines of rail vehicles
19. Gruber, M., and Klawatsch, D. (July, January 30). Influence of motor parameters and fuel quality on particulate emissions. Proceedings of the Vehicle Systems Technology for the Next Century, European Automotive Congress, Barcelona, Spain.
20. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8 ↗
21. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers10.1021/ac00218a019 ↗
22. Glass bottle sampling solid phase microextraction gaschromatography mass spectrometry for breath analysis of drugmetabolites10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.061 ↗
23. Development of the HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method for analysis of chemical warfare agent and their degradation products in environmental samples10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.033 ↗
24. Characterization of volatiles Tribolium castaneum (H.) in flour using solidphase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME–GCMS)10.1016/j.fshw.2015.11.002 ↗
25. Determination of atrazine and four organophosphorus pesticides in ground water using solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography with selected-ion monitoring10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01121-4 ↗
26. Pyrolysis of foundry sand resins: A determination of organic products by mass spectrometry10.1081/ESE-200060630 ↗
27. Differentiation and evaluation of evidence value of styrene acrylic urethane topcoat car paints analysed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.045 ↗
28. The BTEX emission from moulding sands with furan resin dependence on the VOC content and loss on ignition
29. Chromatographic analysis in foundry processes
30. Development of computer application for identification and comparison of car paint samples analysed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS)
31. Literature review on emissions from additive manufacturing by FDM method and their impact on human health