Degradation Assessment of In-Service Transformer Oil Based on Electrical and Chemical Properties
Source abstract
Abstract
In order to ensure the long-term reliability and safety of power transformers, it is important to continuously monitor the characteristics of insulating oil, which not only helps in understanding its behavior over time but also ensures the safety of the equipment. The current study analyzes in-service insulating oil with the aim of relating deterioration and changes in the oil with service aging. Insulating oil samples were collected from three power transformers, with a voltage level of 220 kV and 132 kV, installed at a 220 kV substation. Electrical and chemical characteristics were obtained, and the impact of service aging and the relationships among load variation, oil, and winding temperatures with the characteristics were evaluated. Variations in the dielectric dissipation factor and breakdown voltage with service aging were recorded for all transformers, while the moisture content increased with each service year. Among the concentrations of gases present in the insulating oil, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and nitrogen concentrations increased after each service year. The impact of load variation on the breakdown voltage of the 132 kV transformer oil was more prominent than for the 220 kV transformers. The analysis of gas ratios and moisture content identified the degradation of cellulose insulation in all transformers, which was due to the presence of electrical faults.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation · High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena · Petroleum Processing and Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
High Voltage at HV & SC Testing Lab, Rawat 44000, Pakistan
Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo 11792, Egypt
Advanced High Voltage Engineering Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. Muangpratoom, P., Suriyasakulpong, C., Maneerot, S., Vittayakorn, W., and Pattanadech, N. (2023). Experimental Study of the Electrical and Physiochemical Properties of Different Types of Crude Palm Oils as Dielectric Insulating Fluids in Transformers. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su151914269 ↗
2. Performance Analysis of Transformer Oil/Paper Insulation with Ester and Mixed Dielectric Fluids10.1109/TDEI.2018.007224 ↗
3. Abdi, S., Haddad, A.M., Harid, N., and Boubakeur, A. (2022). Modelling the Effect of Thermal Aging on Transformer Oil Electrical Characteristics Using a Regression Approach. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16010381 ↗
4. Guerbas, F., Adjaout, L., Abada, A., and Rahal, D. (2016, January 19–22). Thermal Aging Effect on the Properties of New and Reclaimed Transformer Oil. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), Chengdu, China.10.1109/ICHVE.2016.7800698 ↗
5. Effect of Thermal Aging on Stability of Transformer Oil Based Temperature Sensitive Magnetic Fluids10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.11.087 ↗
6. Comparative Performance Study of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Methods for Identification of Faults in Power Transformer10.1155/2023/9960743 ↗
7. Evaluation of Dissolved Gas Analysis and Long-Term Performance of Non-Edible Natural Ester10.1109/TDEI.2020.008768 ↗
8. Degradation Studies of Electrical, Physical and Chemical Properties of Aged Transformer Oil10.1088/1742-6596/1706/1/012056 ↗
9. Ojha, S.K., Purkait, P., and Chakravorti, S. (2017, January 16–18). Evaluating the Effects of Lower Molecular Weight Acids in Oil-Paper Insulated Transformer. Proceedings of the 2017 3rd International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON), Rupnagar, India.10.1109/CATCON.2017.8280200 ↗
10. Investigation on Gas Generation Characteristics in Transformer Oil under Vibration10.1049/gtd2.12654 ↗
11. Golarz, J. (2016, January 3–5). Understanding Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Techniques and Interpretations. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), Dallas, TX, USA.10.1109/TDC.2016.7519852 ↗
12. A Review of Dissolved Gas Analysis in Power Transformers10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1079 ↗
13. Aging of Cellulose at Transformer Service Temperatures. Part 1: Influence of Type of Oil and Air on the Degree of Polymerization of Pressboard, Dissolved Gases, and Furanic Compounds in Oil10.1109/MEI.2005.1412215 ↗
14. Carbon Oxides in the Interpretation of Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformers and Tap Changers10.1109/MEI.2010.5599976 ↗
15. Mihajlovic, D., Ivancevic, V., Vasovic, V., and Lukic, J. (2022). Cellulose Degradation and Transformer Fault Detection by the Application of Integrated Analyses of Gases and Low Molecular Weight Alcohols Dissolved in Mineral Oil. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15155669 ↗
16. Li, Y., Wu, G., Li, W., Cui, Y., and Gao, B. (2013, January 20–23). Influence of Moisture and Oxygen on Aging of Oil-Paper Insulation. Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Chenzhen, China.10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6747086 ↗
17. Liang, Z., Fang, Y., Cheng, H., Sun, Y., Li, B., Li, K., Zhao, W., Sun, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2024). Innovative Transformer Life Assessment Considering Moisture and Oil Circulation. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17020429 ↗
18. Abdi, S., Safiddine, L., Boubakeur, A., and Haddad, A. (2019, January 26–30). The Effect of Water Content on the Electrical Properties of Transformer Oil. Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Budapest, Hungary.10.1007/978-3-030-31680-8_52 ↗
19. Studying the Loss of Life of Natural-Ester-Filled Transformer Insulation: Impact of Moisture on the Aging Rate of Paper10.1109/MEI.2017.7804312 ↗
20. Aging of Oil-Impregnated Paper in Power Transformers10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820175 ↗
21. Moisture Dynamics in Natural-Ester Filled Transformers10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106172 ↗
22. Effective Cooling of a Distribution Transformer Using Biodegradable Oils at Different Climate Conditions10.1109/TDEI.2023.3282561 ↗
23. Natural Ester Replacement Effect on Thermal Degradation of Cellulose Insulation From Macroscopic Behavior to Atomic-Scale Mechanism10.1109/TDEI.2023.3282559 ↗
24. Review on Natural Ester and Nanofluids as an Environmental Friendly Alternative to Transformer Mineral Oil10.1049/iet-nde.2019.0038 ↗
25. Dissolved Gas Analysis Differences between Natural Esters and Mineral Oils Used in Power Transformers: A Review10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6318 ↗
26. Maharana, M., Baruah, N., Nayak, S.K., and Wu, K. (2019, January 20–23). Insulation Monitoring of Oxidative Aged Nonedible Ester Based Dielectric Fluid by Suitable Dissolved Gas Analysis. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), Richland, WA, USA.10.1109/CEIDP47102.2019.9009956 ↗
27. Comparison of Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis Methods Using a Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Standard10.1109/MEI.2011.6025366 ↗
28. Syafruddin, H., and Nugroho, H.P. (2020, January 3–4). Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) for Diagnosis of Fault in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers : A Case Study. Proceedings of the 2020 4rd International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering (ELTICOM), Medan, Indonesia.10.1109/ELTICOM50775.2020.9230491 ↗
29. Effect of Loads and Other Key Factors on Oil-Transformer Ageing: Sustainability Benefits and Challenges10.3390/en81012147 ↗
30. On Highlighting the Merits of Gas-to-Liquid Transformer Oil Under Accelerated Thermal Aging and Faults: Electrical and Physio- Chemical Properties10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3420230 ↗
31. Ashkezari, A.D., Hui, M., Ekanayake, C., and Saha, T.K. (2012, January 22–26). Multivariate Analysis for Correlations among Different Transformer Oil Parameters to Determine Transformer Health Index. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA.10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345231 ↗
32. Analysis of Ageing Characteristics of Transformer Oils under Long-Term Operation Conditions10.1007/s40998-022-00492-7 ↗
33. Wolmarans, C., and Cox, R. (2024, January 2–5). Online Transformer DGA Monitoring Case Studies in Condition Assessment. Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), Minneapolis, MN, USA.10.1109/EIC58847.2024.10579109 ↗
34. Sarathkumar, D., Raj, R.A., Murugesan, S., Baptist Andrews, L.J., Alagappan, A., and Sivadasan, J. (2024, January 24–25). Unlocking Power Transformer Reliability: DGA in Mineral Oil and Natural Esters. Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Students’ Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), Bhopal, India.
35. Novel Four-Gas Fault Interpretation Graphical Technique for Mineral Oil Transformer10.1109/TDEI.2024.3381093 ↗
36. Aging Effect on Electrical Characteristics of Insulating Oil in Field Transformer10.1109/TDEI.2009.5361592 ↗
37. Transformer Oil Electrical–Thermal Characteristics Analysis and Evaluation10.1063/5.0206033 ↗
38. Abdi, S., Harid, N., Safiddine, L., Boubakeur, A., and Haddad, A. (2021). The Correlation of Transformer Oil Electrical Properties with Water Content Using a Regression Approach. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14082089 ↗
39. Moisture Equilibrium in Transformer Paper-Oil Systems10.1109/57.744585 ↗
40. Buerschaper, B., Kleboth-Lugova, O., and Leibfried, T. (2003, January 19–22). The Electrical Strength of Transformer Oil in a Transformerboard-Oil System during Moisture Non-Equilibrium. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
41. Proposed Three Ratios Technique for the Interpretation of Mineral Oil Transformers Based Dissolved Gas Analysis10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1927 ↗
42. Dissolved Gas Analysis Is an Art of Testing and Analysis Method for the Incipient Faults in Power Equipment—Like Transformers and OLTCs10.33686/pwj.v18i2.1088 ↗