journal article·2022-08-20Open access

An Experimental Study on the Microstructure Evolution of Soil under Lateral Consolidation Compression

Xiao Zhang, Zhi Ding, Shao-Heng He, Gui-Di Zhang, Miao-Miao Sun, Tang-Dai Xia

Applied Sciences· Volume 12· Issue 16

Abstract

Based on the lateral consolidation compression experiment of remolded soil simulating the effects of pile driving and soil squeezing, in this paper, the microstructures of soil with different degrees of lateral consolidation were investigated by a scanning electron microscope. Combined with Image-Pro Plus software to process data, parameters such as the equivalent diameter, porosity, circularity, directional frequency and fractal dimension of the soil microstructure were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the microstructure of the soil sample before consolidation was debris, aggregated particles and irregular flake aggregates. Following consolidation, the microstructure became a closed flake structure, where an obvious agglomeration phenomenon occurred. During the process of lateral consolidation compression, the large pore structure was more likely to be compressed and damaged, resulting in a decrease in the equivalent pore diameter and plane porosity, the approaching of circularity towards unity and an increase in the compaction and homogenization of soil with obvious directionality. Soil particles moved continuously under the action of consolidation compression to adjust the microstructure, and the fractal dimension gradually increased. Then, as consolidation compression continued, it gradually developed to a new equilibrium state, where the fractal dimension began to decrease and approach stability.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics · Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization · Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China

Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310015, China

Zhejiang Southeast Space Frame Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311209, China

Funding

Chinese National Natural Science Foundation · Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation · Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project · Scientific Research Cultivation Fund of Zhejiang University City College

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Jacked piles in London Clay: A study of load transfer and settlement under working conditions10.1680/geot.1979.29.2.113 ↗
2. Several mechanical problems in compacting effects of static piling in soft clay ground
3. Heave and lateral movements due to pile driving10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001700 ↗
4. Ground response during pile driving10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:11(939) ↗
5. Shaft capacity of open-ended piles in clay10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000528 ↗
6. Load testing of a closed-ended pipe pile driven in multilayered soil10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:4(463) ↗
7. Prediction of ground movements due to pile driving in clay10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:1(55) ↗
8. Comparative study of dynamic simulation for compacting displacement of jacked pile and in situ test
9. Soil compacting displacements for two jacked piles considering shielding effects10.1007/s11440-019-00911-w ↗
10. Field study of residual forces developed in pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles10.1139/cgj-2015-0177 ↗
11. Cavity expansion in cohesive frictional soils10.1680/geot.1986.36.3.349 ↗
12. Undrained cavity expansion in modified Cam clay I: Theoretical analysis10.1680/geot.2001.51.4.323 ↗
13. A feasible approach to predicting time-dependent bearing performance of jacked piles from CPTu measurements10.1007/s11440-019-00875-x ↗
14. Expansion of spherical cavity of strain-softening materials with different elastic moduli of tension and compression10.1631/jzus.2007.A1380 ↗
15. A theoretical study of pile heave10.1680/geot.1990.40.1.1 ↗
16. Deformation analysis of shallow penetration in clay10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199710)21:10<687::AID-NAG897>3.0.CO;2-3 ↗
17. Yang, S., Liu, J., Garg, A., and Zhang, M.Y. (2020). Analytical solution for estimating bearing capacity of a closed soil plug: Verification using an on-site static pile test. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8.10.3390/jmse8070490 ↗
18. Physical modelling of deformations around piling augers in clay10.1680/geot.9.T.028 ↗
19. Liu, W.W. (2010). Axisymmetric Centrifuge Modelling of Deep Penetration in Sand. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham].
20. Effect of driving long pre-stressed high-strength concrete pipe piles in alluvium and its mechanical behavior10.1007/s10064-012-0436-5 ↗
21. Field test and numerical simulation of squeezing effect of pipe pile
22. Study of pile driving by finite-element method10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:7(535) ↗
23. Application of a high-cycle accumulation model to the analysis of soil liquefaction around a vibrating pile toe10.1007/s11440-013-0215-x ↗
24. DEM investigation of installation responses of jacked open-ended piles10.1007/s11440-019-00817-7 ↗
25. Numerical simulation of soil squeezing effects of a jacked pipe pile in soft foundation soil and in foundation soil with an underlying gravel layer10.1007/s10706-015-9960-y ↗
26. Eulerian finite element analysis of excess pore pressure generated by spudcan installation into soft clay10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.01.006 ↗
27. A numerical study of cone penetration in fine-grained soils allowing for consolidation effects10.1680/geot.8.P.155 ↗
28. Deformation and compaction of elemental soil volumes and effects on mechanical soil properties10.1016/0167-1987(87)90003-1 ↗
29. Analysis of soil microstructure components for squeezing effect by pile-driving
30. Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Study of Soil-Compacting by Silent Piling10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.170-173.457 ↗
31. Xu, J., Shen, Y., and Sun, Y. (2022). Cyclic Mobilisation of Soil–Structure Interface in the Framework of Fractional Plasticity. Fractal Fract., 6.10.3390/fractalfract6020076 ↗
32. Fractional order plasticity modelling of state-dependent behaviour of granular soils without using plastic potential10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.12.001 ↗
33. Phenomenological fractional stress–dilatancy model for granular soil and soil-structure interface under monotonic and cyclic loads10.1007/s11440-021-01190-0 ↗
34. Multiaxial stress-fractional plasticity model for anisotropically overconsolidated clay10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106598 ↗
35. Study on pore pressure and microstructure of frozen and thawed soft soil under subway cyclic loading
36. Zhang, M.Y. (2016). Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics and Microstructure of Freeze-Thaw Soft Soil under Subway Cyclic Loading. [Ph.D. Thesis, Zhejiang University].
37. Dai, C.X., Zhang, Q.F., He, S.H., Zhang, A., Shan, H.F., and Xia, T.D. (2021). Variation in micro-pores during dynamic consolidation and compression of soft marine soil. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.10.3390/jmse9070750 ↗
38. Image analysis: A tool for the characterisation of hydration of cement in concrete–metrological aspects of magnification on measurement10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00061-5 ↗
39. Analysis of phases in cement paste using backscattered electron images, methanol adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis10.1557/PROC-85-67 ↗
40. Analysis of microstructure and spatially dependent permeability of soft soil during consolidation deformation10.1016/j.sandf.2021.02.004 ↗
41. Microstructure evolution of soft clay under consolidation loading10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106284 ↗
42. Experimental study of microstructure of Hangzhou saturated soft soil during consolidation process
43. Di, S.T., Jia, C., Ding, P.P., and Zhu, X. (2022). Microstructural Variation of Clay during Land Subsidence and the Correlation between Macroscopic and Microscopic Parameters. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15051817 ↗
44. Experiment study of pore distribution of strong structural clay under different consolidation pressures
45. He, S.H., Ding, Z., Hu, H.B., and Gao, M. (2021). Effect of Grain Size on Microscopic Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Carbonate-Based Sand and Silicate-Based Sand. Fractal Fract., 5.10.3390/fractalfract5040152 ↗
46. Ding, Z., Kong, B.W., Wei, X.J., Zhang, W.Y., Xu, B.L., and Zhao, F.J. (2019). Laboratory testing to research the micro-structure and dynamic characteristics of frozen–thawed marine soft soil. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 7.10.3390/jmse7040085 ↗