journal article·2022-02-04Open access

Experimental Investigations of a Passive Cooling System Based on the Gravity Loop Heat Pipe Principle for an Electrical Cabinet

Mária Polačiková, Patrik Nemec, Milan Malcho, Jozef Jandačka

Applied Sciences· Volume 12· Issue 3

Abstract

This paper deals with the experimental research and verification of a passive cooling system operating on the principle of a loop gravity heat pipe designed for cooling electrical cabinets. This type of cooling works automatically by changing the state of the working substance and thus saves energy consumption. Since the designed cooling system ensures heat transfer from the interior cabinet to the outdoor space, where the heat can naturally dissipate to the surroundings, it is dustproof. The heat pipe consists of an innovative evaporator concept designed to minimize liquid and vapour phase interference in the refrigeration circuit. The aim of the research was to experimentally determine the limit performance parameters of the refrigeration system for different volumes of working medium in the evaporator and decrease heat loss in the cabinet interior. The designed device was verified experimentally and by mathematical calculations as well. The greatest benefit of the work is that the cooling device was able to ensure temperature conditions inside the electrical enclosure at a heat load of 2000 W under 60 °C, 1500 W under 55 °C, 1000 W under 50 °C, 750 W under 45 °C and 500 W under 40 °C.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies · Heat Transfer and Optimization · Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Power Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia

Funding

VEGA · Slovak Research and Development Agency · KEGA

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Cooling of electronic equipments with heat sink: A review of literature10.9790/1684-0525661 ↗
2. Ahmadi, M., Gholami, A., Bahrami, M., and Lau, K. (October, January 28). Passive cooling of outside plant power systems, a green solution to reduce energy consumption. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/INTLEC.2014.6972147 ↗
3. Slotnick, B. (2017). How Temperature Control in Electrical Enclosures Affects Component Life, Thermal Edge Inc.. Available online: https://thermal-edge.com/how-temperature-control-in-electrical-enclosures-affects-component-life/.
4. (2009). Environmental Conditions and Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Standard No. ETSI EN 300 019-1-3.
5. Study of ventilation cooling technology for telecommunication base stations: Control strategy and application strategy10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.03.040 ↗
6. Two-phase thermosyphon loop for cooling outdoor telecommunication equipments10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.05.023 ↗
7. A review of thermal management and innovative cooling strategies for data center
8. Active cooling system for downhole electronics in high temperature environments
9. Corzine, E. (2016, January 18). Techniques for Better Enclosure Cooling. Electronic Products. Available online: https://www.electronicproducts.com/techniques-for-better-enclosure-cooling/#.
10. Development and investigation of a cooler for electronics on the basis of two-phase loop thermosyphons10.1615/HeatPipeScieTech.v1.i1.30 ↗
11. Reay, D.A., Kew, P.A., and McGlen, R.J. (2014). Heat Pipes Theory, Design and Applications, Butterworth-Heinemann. [6th ed.].
12. Choosing working fluid for two-phase thermosyphon systems for cooling of electronics10.1115/1.1571570 ↗
13. Experimental investigation of an inclined-condenser wickless heat pipe charged with water and an ethanol–water azeotropic mixture10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.033 ↗
14. Two-phase loop thermosyphon using carbon dioxide applied to the cold end of a Stirling cooler10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.08.004 ↗
15. Experimental investigation of thermosyphon loop thermal performance10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.092 ↗
16. Performance of a thermoelectric cooling system integrated with a gravity-assisted heat pipe for cooling electronics10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.094 ↗
17. Experimental study and numerical simulation of the interior flow in a telecommunications cabinet10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.450 ↗
18. Loop thermosyphon thermal management of the avionics of an in-flight entertainment system10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.10.012 ↗
19. A theoretical and computational study of lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles using heat pipes10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.004 ↗
20. Čajová Kantová, N., Čaja, A., Patsch, M., Holubčík, M., and Ďurčanský, P. (2011). Dependence of the Flue Gas Flow on the Setting of the Separation Baffle in the Flue Gas Tract. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11072961 ↗
21. Integrated system of mechanical refrigeration and thermosyphon for free cooling of data centers10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.060 ↗
22. Heat pipe based thermal management systems for energy-efficient data centres10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.085 ↗
23. Heat pipe based cold energy storage systems for datacenter energy conservation10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.021 ↗
24. Analysis on energy efficiency of an integrated heat pipe system in data centers10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.078 ↗
25. Experimental investigations and modeling of a loop thermosyphon for cooling with zero electrical consumption10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.05.041 ↗
26. Design of a two-phase loop thermosyphon for telecommunications system (I)10.1007/BF02945560 ↗
27. Two-phase mini-thermosyphon electronics cooling: Dynamic modeling, experimental validation and application to 2U servers10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.198 ↗
28. Simulation of steady-state operation of an ejector-assisted loop heat pipe with a flat evaporator for application in electronic cooling10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.028 ↗
29. Thermal performance of a closed advanced two-phase thermosyphon loop for cooling of radio base stations at different operating conditions10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.05.006 ↗
30. A study on the use of phase change materials (PCMs) in combination with a natural cold source for space cooling in telecommunications base stations (TBSs) in China10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.010 ↗
31. Thermal performance of plate-type loop thermosyphon at sub-atmospheric pressures10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.04.021 ↗
32. An experimental investigation on passive cooling system comprising phase change material and two-phase closed thermosyphon for telecom shelters in tropical and desert regions10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.008 ↗
33. Comparison between miniature periodic two-phase thermosyphons and miniature LHP applied to electronic cooling equipment10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.10.028 ↗
34. Design and performance evaluation of a compact thermosyphon10.1109/TCAPT.2002.807997 ↗
35. Sub-atmospheric boiling heat transfer and thermal performance of two-phase loop thermosyphon10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.01.017 ↗
36. Modelling of Heat Transfer in the Evaporator and Condenser of the Working Fluid in the Heat Pipe10.1080/01457632.2018.1426225 ↗
37. Distilled water and ethyl alcohol boiling heat transfer on selected meshed surfaces10.1051/meca/2019068 ↗
38. (2022, January 12). Acetone-Density and Specific Weight. Engineering ToolBox. Available online: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/acetone-2-propanone-density-specific-weight-temperature-pressure-d_2038.html.
39. Holman, J.P. (2002). Heat Transfer, Mc Graw Hill. [9th ed.].
40. Carey, V.P. (2008). Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. [2nd ed.].
41. Sazima, M., and The Collective (1993). Sdílení Tepla, SNTL—Státní nakladatelství technické literatury. [1st ed.].
42. Yuping, H., Shebggin, J., Yunhui, Z., Xiaoming, K., Qiao, C.H., Cucchietti, F., and Griffa, G. (2008, January 14–18). Energy saving active cooling systems for outdoor cabinet. Proceedings of the INTELEC 2008-2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.
43. Chu, J., and Huang, X. (Energy Built Environ., 2021). Research status and development trends of evaporative cooling air-conditioning technology in data centers, Energy Built Environ., in press.
44. (2022, January 14). Heat Exchanger Air to Air Units. Available online: https://norenthermal.com/products/ambient-cooling-units/.
45. Campbell, S. (2022, January 12). Is Liquid Cooling Ready to Go Mainstream. LiquidCool Solutions. Available online: https://www.liquidcoolsolutions.com/liquid-cooling-ready-go-mainstream/.
46. Experimental investigation of a thermosyphon based heat exchanger used in energy efficient air handling units10.1016/j.energy.2011.08.054 ↗