journal article·2025-06-20Open access

Fuzzy Neural Networks—A Review with Case Study

Lukasz Apiecionek

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 13

Abstract

This publication focuses on the use of fuzzy neural networks for data prediction. The author reviews papers in which fuzzy neural networks were used. The papers were selected mainly from 2020 to 2025 and were selected if fuzzy neural network were used for practical applications. Also, some chosen networks are described: FALCON, ANFIS, and a fuzzy network with Ordered Fuzzy Numbers. The networks with the implementation code presented in other publications were tested and compared to K Neighbors Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, and Random Forest Classifier. The methodology and configuration of the networks are provided. Finally, the conclusions discuss limitations, future research prospects, and guidelines for future work.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland

References (81)

Show source-provided references
1. Fuzzy Neural Networks10.1016/0025-5564(75)90125-X ↗
2. A learning algorithm of fuzzy neural networks with triangular fuzzy weights10.1016/0165-0114(94)00281-B ↗
3. Fuzzy neural networks: A survey10.1016/0165-0114(94)90297-6 ↗
4. EFNN-NullUni: An evolving fuzzy neural network based on null-uninorm10.1016/j.fss.2022.01.010 ↗
5. Comparative study of ANFIS fuzzy logic and neural network scheduling based load frequency control for two-area hydro thermal system10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.041 ↗
6. Unsupervised domain adaptation using fuzzy rules and stochastic hierarchical convolutional neural networks10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108547 ↗
7. Unsupervised multilayer fuzzy neural networks for image clustering10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.149 ↗
8. A novel fuzzy hierarchical fusion attention convolution neural network for medical image super-resolution reconstruction10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.140 ↗
9. Bankruptcy prediction using fuzzy convolutional neural networks10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101844 ↗
10. State estimation and fuzzy sliding mode control of nonlinear Markovian jump systems via adaptive neural network10.1016/j.jfranklin.2022.09.031 ↗
11. A hierarchical fused fuzzy deep neural network with heterogeneous network embedding for recommendation10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.085 ↗
12. Fixed-time synchronization criteria of fuzzy inertial neural networks via Lyapunov functions with indefinite derivatives and its application to image encryption10.1016/j.fss.2022.08.002 ↗
13. Finite-time synchronization of T-S fuzzy memristive neural networks with time delay10.1016/j.fss.2022.10.013 ↗
14. Adaptive fuzzy neural network-aided progressive Gaussian approximate filter for GPS/INS integration navigation10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111641 ↗
15. Prediction of the internal states of a nuclear power plant containment in LOCAs using rule-dropout deep fuzzy neural networks10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108180 ↗
16. Fuzzy reinforced polynomial neural networks constructed with the aid of PNN architecture and fuzzy hybrid predictor based on nonlinear function10.1016/j.neucom.2021.06.047 ↗
17. An interpretable evolving fuzzy neural network based on self-organized direction-aware data partitioning and fuzzy logic neurons10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107829 ↗
18. MFRFNN: Multi-Functional Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network for Chaotic Time Series Prediction10.1016/j.neucom.2022.08.032 ↗
19. Fuzzy deep wavelet neural network with hybrid learning algorithm: Application to electrical resistivity imaging inversion10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108164 ↗
20. The application of gradient evolution algorithm to an intuitionistic fuzzy neural network for forecasting medical cost of acute hepatitis treatment in Taiwan10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107711 ↗
21. Multivariate fuzzy neural network interpolation operators and applications to image processing10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117771 ↗
22. Zeroing neural network with fuzzy parameter for cooperative manner of multiple redundant manipulators10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118735 ↗
23. Li, J., Ma, C., and Jiang, Y. (2024). Fuzzy Neural Network PID-Based Constant Deceleration Control for Automated Mine Electric Vehicles Using EMB System. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24072129 ↗
24. Pham, D.H., and Vu, M.T. (2025). Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Fuzzy Neural Network for Nonlinear Chaotic Systems and Its Utilization in Secure Medical Image Encryption. Mathematics, 13.10.3390/math13060923 ↗
25. Zhou, H., Huang, Y., Yang, D., Chen, L., and Wang, L. (2024). Semi-Supervised Soft Computing for Ammonia Nitrogen Using a Self-Constructing Fuzzy Neural Network with an Active Learning Mechanism. Water, 16.10.3390/w16203001 ↗
26. Kontogiannis, S., Koundouras, S., and Pikridas, C. (2024). Proposed Fuzzy-Stranded-Neural Network Model That Utilizes IoT Plant-Level Sensory Monitoring and Distributed Services for the Early Detection of Downy Mildew in Viticulture. Computers, 13.10.3390/computers13030063 ↗
27. Enhancing Thermo-Acoustic Waste Heat Recovery through Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Neural Network–Particle Swarm Optimization, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, and Artificial Neural Network Models10.3390/ai5010013 ↗
28. Al-Qaysi, A.M.M., Bozkurt, A., and Ates, Y. (2023). Load Forecasting Based on Genetic Algorithm–Artificial Neural Network-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems: A Case Study in Iraq. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16062919 ↗
29. Examining regional economic differences in Europe: The power of ANFIS analysis10.31181/jdaic10010022025b ↗
30. Best Practice Performance of COVID-19 in America continent with Artificial Intelligence10.31181/sor1120241 ↗
31. El Moutaouakil, K., Roudani, M., Ouhmid, A., Zhilenkov, A., and Mobayen, S. (2024). Decomposition and Symmetric Kernel Deep Neural Network Fuzzy Support Vector Machine. Symmetry, 16.10.3390/sym16121585 ↗
32. Lin, C.-J., Chen, B.-H., Lin, C.-H., and Jhang, J.-Y. (2024). Design of a Convolutional Neural Network with Type-2 Fuzzy-Based Pooling for Vehicle Recognition. Mathematics, 12.10.3390/math12243885 ↗
33. Yu, H.-C., Wang, Q.-A., and Li, S.-J. (2024). Fuzzy Logic Control with Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network for Hydrogen Production Thermal Control System. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14198899 ↗
34. Chai, S.H., Lim, J.S., Yoon, H., and Wang, B. (2024). A Novel Methodology for Forecasting Business Cycles Using ARIMA and Neural Network with Weighted Fuzzy Membership Functions. Axioms, 13.10.3390/axioms13010056 ↗
35. Xu, Y., Li, H., Yang, J., and Zhang, L. (2024). Quasi-Projective Synchronization of Discrete-Time Fractional-Order Complex-Valued BAM Fuzzy Neural Networks via Quantized Control. Fractal Fract., 8.10.3390/fractalfract8050263 ↗
36. Algehyne, E.A., Jibril, M.L., Algehainy, N.A., Alamri, O.A., and Alzahrani, A.K. (2022). Fuzzy Neural Network Expert System with an Improved Gini Index Random Forest-Based Feature Importance Measure Algorithm for Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia. Big Data Cogn. Comput., 6.10.3390/bdcc6010013 ↗
37. Rao, J., Li, B., Zhang, Z., Chen, D., and Giernacki, W. (2022). Position Control of Quadrotor UAV Based on Cascade Fuzzy Neural Network. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15051763 ↗
38. Yang, R., Gao, Y., Wang, H., and Ni, X. (2023). Fuzzy Neural Network PID Control Used in Individual Blade Control. Aerospace, 10.10.3390/aerospace10070623 ↗
39. Zhou, R., Zhang, L., Fu, C., Wang, H., Meng, Z., Du, C., Shan, Y., and Bu, H. (2022). Fuzzy Neural Network PID Strategy Based on PSO Optimization for pH Control of Water and Fertilizer Integration. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12157383 ↗
40. Yin, H., Yi, W., Wu, J., Wang, K., and Guan, J. (2022). Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network PID Algorithm for BLDCM Speed Control System. Mathematics, 10.10.3390/math10010118 ↗
41. Li, M., Li, J., Li, G., and Xu, J. (2022). Analysis of Active Suspension Control Based on Improved Fuzzy Neural Network PID. World Electr. Veh. J., 13.10.3390/wevj13120226 ↗
42. Lin, F.-J., Huang, M.-S., Chien, Y.-C., and Chen, S.-G. (2023). Intelligent Backstepping Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Position Servo Drive with Recurrent Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16145389 ↗
43. Liu, S.-H., Wang, J.-J., Chen, W., Pan, K.-L., and Su, C.-H. (2020). Classification of Photoplethysmographic Signal Quality with Fuzzy Neural Network for Improvement of Stroke Volume Measurement. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10041476 ↗
44. de Campos Souza, P.V., Lughofer, E., and Rodrigues Batista, H. (2022). An Explainable Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network to Predict the k Barriers for Intrusion Detection Using a Wireless Sensor Network. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22145446 ↗
45. Zhao, T., Qin, P., and Zhong, Y. (2023). Trajectory Tracking Control Method for Omnidirectional Mobile Robot Based on Self-Organizing Fuzzy Neural Network and Preview Strategy. Entropy, 25.10.3390/e25020248 ↗
46. Qin, P., Zhao, T., Liu, N., Mei, Z., and Yan, W. (2023). Predefined-Time Fuzzy Neural Network Control for Omnidirectional Mobile Robot. Processes, 11.10.3390/pr11010023 ↗
47. Chen, C.-S., and Hu, N.-T. (2022). Model Reference Adaptive Control and Fuzzy Neural Network Synchronous Motion Compensator for Gantry Robots. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15010123 ↗
48. Zhou, X., Wang, X., Wang, H., Cao, L., Xing, Z., and Yang, Z. (2023). Rotor Fault Diagnosis Method Based on VMD Symmetrical Polar Image and Fuzzy Neural Network. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13021134 ↗
49. Liu, L., Fei, J., and Yang, X. (2023). Adaptive Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Sliding Mode Control of Nonlinear Systems Using Improved Extended State Observer. Mathematics, 11.10.3390/math11030605 ↗
50. Lin, C.-J., Jeng, S.-Y., Lin, H.-Y., and Yu, C.-Y. (2020). Design and Verification of an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10093041 ↗
51. Lin, C.-J., Lin, C.-J., and Lin, X.-Q. (2023). Automatic Sleep Stage Classification Using a Taguchi-Based Multiscale Convolutional Compensatory Fuzzy Neural Network. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app131810442 ↗
52. Wang, C., Wang, X., Wu, D., Kuang, M., and Li, Z. (2022). Meticulous Land Cover Classification of High-Resolution Images Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network with Gaussian Regression Model. Remote Sens., 14.10.3390/rs14153704 ↗
53. An, J., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Qian, X., and Chen, J. (2023). Self-Constructed Deep Fuzzy Neural Network for Traffic Flow Prediction. Electronics, 12.10.3390/electronics12081885 ↗
54. Janarthanan, R., Maheshwari, R.U., Shukla, P.K., Shukla, P.K., Mirjalili, S., and Kumar, M. (2021). Intelligent Detection of the PV Faults Based on Artificial Neural Network and Type 2 Fuzzy Systems. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14206584 ↗
55. de Campos Souza, P.V., and Lughofer, E. (2020). Identification of Heart Sounds with an Interpretable Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20226477 ↗
56. Pan, Q., Zhou, Y., and Fei, J. (2023). Feature Selection Fuzzy Neural Network Super-Twisting Harmonic Control. Mathematics, 11.10.3390/math11061495 ↗
57. Lin, C.-J., Lin, C.-H., and Lin, F. (2023). Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using a Vector-Based Convolutional Fuzzy Neural Network. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13053337 ↗
58. Lu, H., and Bao, J. (2022). Spatial Differentiation Effect of Rural Logistics in Urban Agglomerations in China Based on the Fuzzy Neural Network. Sustainability, 14.10.3390/su14159268 ↗
59. Shao, K.-Y., Feng, A., and Wang, T.-T. (2023). Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Synchronization of Uncertain Fractional-Order Hyperchaotic Systems by Using a Novel Non-Singleton-Interval Type-2 Probabilistic Fuzzy Neural Network. Fractal Fract., 7.10.3390/fractalfract7030247 ↗
60. Wang, J., Fang, Y., and Fei, J. (2023). Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control of Active Power Filter Using Interval Type-2-Fuzzy Neural Networks. Mathematics, 11.10.3390/math11122785 ↗
61. Chen, C.-I., Lan, C.-K., Chen, Y.-C., Chen, C.-H., and Chang, Y.-R. (2020). Wavelet Energy Fuzzy Neural Network-Based Fault Protection System for Microgrid. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13041007 ↗
62. Gao, H., Zang, B., Sun, L., and Chen, L. (2022). Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Integrated Charging Safety State Based on Fuzzy Neural Network. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12010461 ↗
63. Ye, W., Song, W., Cui, C.-F., and Wen, J.-H. (2021). Water Quality Evaluation Method Based on a T-S Fuzzy Neural Network—Application in Water Environment Trend Analysis of Taihu Lake Basin. Water, 13.10.3390/w13213127 ↗
64. Chen, C.-I., Chen, Y.-C., and Chen, C.-H. (2022). Recurrent Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network-Based Reference Compensation Current Control Strategy for Shunt Active Power Filter. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15228687 ↗
65. Kalbhor, M., Shinde, S., Popescu, D.E., and Hemanth, D.J. (2023). Hybridization of Deep Learning Pre-Trained Models with Machine Learning Classifiers and Fuzzy Min–Max Neural Network for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis. Diagnostics, 13.10.3390/diagnostics13071363 ↗
66. Zhang, Q., and Fu, X. (2020). A Neural Network Fuzzy Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Driving Cycle Recognition. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10020696 ↗
67. Sun, Y., Zhao, T., and Liu, N. (2023). Self-Organizing Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Compensation Control Based on Real-Time Data Information Entropy and Its Application in n-DOF Manipulator. Entropy, 25.10.3390/e25050789 ↗
68. Ahmadi, M., Soofiabadi, M., Nikpour, M., Naderi, H., Abdullah, L., and Arandian, B. (2022). Developing a Deep Neural Network with Fuzzy Wavelets and Integrating an Inline PSO to Predict Energy Consumption Patterns in Urban Buildings. Mathematics, 10.10.3390/math10081270 ↗
69. Xie, J., Fei, J., and An, C. (2023). Gated Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network Sliding Mode Control of a Micro Gyroscope. Mathematics, 11.10.3390/math11030509 ↗
70. Fang, Y., Chen, F., and Fei, J. (2021). Multiple Loop Fuzzy Neural Network Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control of Micro Gyroscope. Mathematics, 9.10.3390/math9172124 ↗
71. Guo, X., Tian, B., and Tian, X. (2022). HFGNN-Proto: Hesitant Fuzzy Graph Neural Network-Based Prototypical Network for Few-Shot Text Classification. Electronics, 11.10.3390/electronics11152423 ↗
72. Babes, B., Hamouda, N., Albalawi, F., Aissa, O., Ghoneim, S.S.M., and Abdelwahab, S.A.M. (2022). Experimental Investigation of an Adaptive Fuzzy-Neural Fast Terminal Synergetic Controller for Buck DC/DC Converters. Sustainability, 14.10.3390/su14137967 ↗
73. Application of neuro-fuzzy system for predicting the success of a company in public procurement10.31181/dmame0304042022p ↗
74. Apiecionek, Ł., Moś, R., and Ewald, D. (2023). Fuzzy Neural Network with Ordered Fuzzy Numbers for Life Quality Technologies. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app13063487 ↗
75. Apiecionek, Ł. (2024). Fully Scalable Fuzzy Neural Network for Data Processing. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24165169 ↗
76. Neural-network-based fuzzy logic control and decision system10.1109/12.106218 ↗
77. Chow, M.Y. (1997). Methodologies of Using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Technologies for Motor Incipient Fault Detection, World Scientific.10.1142/9789812819383 ↗
78. Using a neural/fuzzy system to extract knowledge of incipient fault in induction motors part I—Methodology10.1109/41.370378 ↗
79. Jang, J.-S., Sun, C.-T., and Mizutani, E. (1997). Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing. A Computational Approach to Learning and Machine Intelligence, Prentice Hall Intern. Inc.10.1109/TAC.1997.633847 ↗
80. (2025, February 08). Available online: https://github.com/jfpower/anfis-pytorch/blob/master/iris_example.py.
81. (2022, November 04). Available online: http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Iris.