Approach to Modernizing Residential-Dominated District Heating Systems to Enhance Their Flexibility, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Friendliness
Source abstract
Abstract
The need to modernize existing district heating systems is due to increased requirements for their flexibility, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The technical policy on district heating pursued in different countries centers on the listed goals and takes account of historical, climatic, and regional features of the resource, technology, and economic availability of various thermal energy sources. This study aims to analyze methods designed to improve the flexibility, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness of district heating systems. The focus of the study is district heating system, which provides heating and hot water supply to consumers and consists of various types of thermal energy sources. The work shows the possibility for the heating system to transition from the third generation to the fourth one, which differ in their level of intellectualization. The establishment of an intelligent control system will ensure the interaction of various heat sources, but this is a separate strand of research. In this study, a model and a methodology were developed to optimize the structure of thermal energy sources and their operating conditions when covering the heat load curve of a territory with a predominance of household consumers. Gas-reciprocating and gas-turbine cogeneration plants are considered as the main thermal energy sources, whose efficiency is boosted through their joint operation with electric boilers, thermal energy storage systems, low-grade heat sources, and absorption chillers. The primary emphasis of the study is on the assessment of the environmental benefit to be gained by using cogeneration plants as a factor of enhancing the investment appeal of the district heating systems. The findings suggest that the transition of district heating systems to the next generation is impossible without changing the institutional environment, strengthening the role of active consumers, and introducing intelligent control for district heating systems.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization · Advanced Power Generation Technologies · Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Research on the Relationship between Energy and the Economy, Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117186 Moscow, Russia
Department of Automated Electric Power Systems, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
Funding
Russian Science Foundation
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Glazkova, V.V. (2023). Finance, Economics, and Industry for Sustainable Development, Springer.
2. Alternative Options for Modernization of Regional Heat Supply Systems: Environmental and Economic Aspects10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(3).407-415 ↗
3. Management of modernization of heat supply system of the region in the context of its sustainable development10.35774/visnyk2020.03.020 ↗
4. Modernization of electrical complex for producing thermal energy for an industrial enterprise10.15587/2706-5448.2021.240263 ↗
5. Formation of Territorial Heat Supply Systems in the Northern and Arctic Regions of Russia10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.51.28 ↗
6. Icreasing the efficiency of district heating supply systems by local heat distribution station modernation10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-3-101-111 ↗
7. Sustainable energy recovery from thermal processes: A review10.1186/s13705-022-00372-2 ↗
8. Switchable radiative cooling technologies for smart thermal management10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101098 ↗
9. A review on technologies with electricity generation potentials using liquified natural gas regasification cold energy10.1007/s11708-023-0863-y ↗
10. A review of heat recovery technologies and their frost control for residential building ventilation in cold climate regions10.1016/j.rser.2022.112417 ↗
11. Optimal Operation of an Integrated Electricity-heat Energy System Considering Flexible Resources Dispatch for Renewable Integration10.35833/MPCE.2020.000917 ↗
12. Efficiency Estimation of Constructing of Wind Power Plant for the Heat Supply Needs
13. Heperkan, H.A., Önal, B.S., and Uyar, T. (2022). Renewable Energy Based Solutions, Springer.
14. Finichenko, A., Glukhova, M., and Glukhov, S. (2022). Networked Control Systems for Connected and Automated Vehicles, Springer.
15. Development of Sky-source Heat Pump System10.1051/e3sconf/202339603033 ↗
16. Integration of decentralized solar collectors into a district heating system10.1016/j.scs.2022.103920 ↗
17. Analysis of Tapioca Industrial Solid Waste as Coal Substitution10.1088/1755-1315/1209/1/012012 ↗
18. Determinants of household solid waste disposal practices in the residential neighbourhoods of a rapidly growing urban area in Nigeria
19. The use of solid household waste as fuel in the housing and utilities sector10.1088/1755-1315/866/1/012029 ↗
20. Zarzycki, R., Kacprzak, A., and Bis, Z. (2018). The Use of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells in Compact Energy Systems for the Generation of Electricity, Heat and Cold. Energies, 11.10.3390/en11113061 ↗
21. Impacts of earlier natural gas phase-out & heat-saving policies on district heating and the energy system10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113441 ↗
22. Kåberger, T. (2022). Turning around the direction of the fuel-electricity system. Acad. Lett., 5578.10.20935/AL5578 ↗
23. Thermoeconomic Analysis in Advanced Cogeneration Systems in Buildings10.3389/fenrg.2021.802971 ↗
24. Distributed Cogeneration of Power and Heat within an Energy Management Strategy for Mitigating Fossil Fuel Consumption
25. Operation optimization of district heating network under typical modes for improving the economic and flexibility performances of integrated energy system10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115904 ↗
26. A Study on Urban Heating System Flexibility: Modeling and Evaluation10.1115/1.4045542 ↗
27. Analysis of the efficiency and structure of energy consumption in the industrial sector in the European Union countries between 1995 and 201910.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152052 ↗
28. Industrial electricity consumption efficiency and energy policy in Japan10.1016/j.jup.2023.101519 ↗
29. Challenges for district heating in Poland10.1007/s43937-023-00019-z ↗
30. Kauko, H., Rohde, D., and Hafner, A. (2020). Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13040954 ↗
31. Evaluating the Efficiency of Heat and Power Systems by the Data Envelopment Analysis Method10.37394/232016.2021.16.19 ↗
32. Pathways for sustainable development of urban heat supply systems10.1051/e3sconf/202020804001 ↗
33. Performance analysis of biomass direct combustion heating and centralized biogas supply system for rural districts in China10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116730 ↗
34. Energy saving technologies in the heat supply systems of Uzbekistan10.1051/e3sconf/202341703004 ↗
35. Possible Prospects for Heat Supply of Multi-Apartment Buildings in Armenia
36. (2023, August 25). Industry Reports. Available online: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/ru/industry-reports/district-heating-market.
37. The impact of electricity-carbon market coupling on system marginal clearing price and power supply cost10.1007/s11356-023-28301-6 ↗
38. Dynamic scheduling of market price-based combined heat–power-constrained renewable microgrid10.1093/ce/zkad029 ↗
39. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2023, August 12). Valuation of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions—Supplementary guidance to the HM treasury green book on appraisal and evaluation in central government [Internet], Green Book, Available online: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1024054/1.Valuation_of_energy_use_and_greenhouse_gas_emisions_for_appraisal_CLEAN.pdf.
40. (2023, August 13). World Energy Statistics. Available online: https://www.eeseaec.org/proizvodstvo-elektroenergii-v-regionah-i-stranah-mira.
41. (2023, August 15). Euroheat and Power Publications, Reports, Studies. Available online: https://www.euroheat.org/media-centre/publications.html.
42. District heating and cooling networks with decentralised energy substations: Opportunities and barriers for holistic energy system decarbonization10.1016/j.energy.2023.126740 ↗
43. 5th generation district heating and cooling systems as a solution for renewable urban thermal energy supply10.5194/adgeo-49-129-2019 ↗
44. Ilyushin, P., Filippov, S., Kulikov, A., Suslov, K., and Karamov, D. (2022). Specific Features of Operation of Distributed Generation Facilities Based on Gas Reciprocating Units in Internal Power Systems of Industrial Entities. Machines, 10.10.3390/machines10080693 ↗
45. Harnessing the Flexibility of District Heating System for Integrating Extensive Share of Renewable Energy Sources in Energy Systems10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3105829 ↗
46. Ilyushin, P., Filippov, S., Kulikov, A., Suslov, K., and Karamov, D. (2022). Intelligent Control of the Energy Storage System for Reliable Operation of Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engine Plants in Systems of Power Supply to Industrial Facilities. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15176333 ↗
47. Shamarova, N., Suslov, K., Ilyushin, P., and Shushpanov, I. (2022). Review of Battery Energy Storage Systems Modeling in Microgrids with Renewables Considering Battery Degradation. Energies, 15.10.2139/ssrn.4288117 ↗
48. Ilyushin, P.V., and Pazderin, A.V. (2018, January 15–18). Requirements for power stations islanding automation an influence of power grid parameters and loads. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM), Moscow, Russia.10.1109/ICIEAM.2018.8728682 ↗
49. Jiang, M., Rindt, C., and Smeulders, D.M.J. (2022). Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15197160 ↗
50. Bakken, B.H., Haugstad, A., Hornnes, K.S., Vist, S., Gustavsen, B., and Røynstrand, J. (1999, January 18–19). Simulation and optimization of systems with multiple energy carriers. Proceedings of the 1999 Conference of the Scandinavian Simulation Society (SIMS), Linkoöping, Sweden.
51. Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector10.1016/j.rser.2022.112117 ↗
52. (2023, August 03). Danish Board of District Heating. Available online: https://dbdh.dk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FJV-Branchestatistik-2020.pdf.
53. Yarovoi, Y. (2006). On experience in managing district heating systems in Danish cities. Heat. News, 10, Available online: https://www.rosteplo.ru/Tech_stat/stat_shablon.php?id=2417.
54. Introducing modern heat pumps to existing district heating systems—Global lessons from viable decarbonizing of district heating in Finland10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.077 ↗
55. To continue to burn something? Technological, economic and political path dependencies in district heating in Helsinki, Finland10.1016/j.erss.2019.101270 ↗
56. (2023, June 24). News Portal Rambler. Available online: https://news.rambler.ru/disasters/41355823-3-cheloveka-pogibli-v-rezultate-razryva-staroy-truby-sistemy-teplosnabzheniya-v-tsentralnom-kitae/.
57. (2023, August 05). ESG Reporting Standards in 2023: Everything You Need to Know. Available online: https://sustainablefuturenews.com/esg/esg-reporting-standards-in-2023-everything-you-need-to-know/.
58. (2023, August 08). Energy Data Statistic. Available online: https://energystats.enerdata.net/co2/emissions-co2-data-from-fuel-combustion.html.
59. Arnold, M., and Andersson, G. (2010, January 25–29). Investigating renewable infeed in residential areas applying model predictive control. Proceedings of the Power and Energy Society General Meeting IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.10.1109/PES.2010.5589417 ↗
60. Coherence of digital processing of current and voltage signals at decimation for power systems with a large share of renewable power stations10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.215 ↗
61. (2023, August 03). Latest News, Comments and Reports on Energy. Available online: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/heating.
62. Impacts of electric-driven heat pumps on residential electricity consumption: An empirical analysis from Arizona, USA10.1016/j.clrc.2021.100045 ↗
63. Data-driven analysis of influential factors on residential energy end-use in the US10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106947 ↗
64. International Renewable Energy Agency (2023, August 12). Innovation Outlook Themal Enegry Storage. Available online: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_TES_2020.pdf.
65. (2023, August 10). Copenhagen Center on Energy Efficiency. Available online: https://c2e2.unepccc.org/kms_object/open-district-heating-in-stockholm-sweden/.
66. Large technical systems in shrinking municipalities—Exploring system reconfiguration of district heating in Sweden10.1016/j.erss.2023.102963 ↗
67. Gamisch, S., Kick, M., Klünder, F., Weiss, J., Laurenz, E., and Haussmann, T. (2023). Thermal storage: From low to high temperature systems. Energy Technol., 2300544.10.1002/ente.202300544 ↗
68. Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Xie, L., Wang, J., Qin, Y., Shu, T., Cong, M., Lei, Y., and Dong, L. (2023). An Antimicrobial, Environmental Protection, and High-Efficiency Solar Steam Generator Based on Carbonized Sawdust. Energy Technol., 2300554.10.1002/ente.202300554 ↗
69. Hauer, A., and Laevemann, E. (2021). Advances in Energy Storage, John Wiley & Sons.
70. Nadalon, E., Souza, R.D., Casisi, M., and Reini, M. (2023). Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16155720 ↗
71. Thermodynamic-based method for supporting design and operation of thermal grids in presence of distributed energy producers10.13044/j.sdewes.d11.0459 ↗
72. Chicco, J.M., and Mandrone, G. (2022). Modelling the Energy Production of a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) System. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15249587 ↗
73. (2023, August 12). Industry Reports. Available online: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/united-states-heat-pump-market.
74. Sizing and control optimization of thermal energy storage in a solar district heating system10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.092 ↗
75. The Performance of a High Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage District Heating System—Five Years of Operation10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.097 ↗
76. Simulation of a Solar Collector Array Consisting of two Types of Solar Collectors, with and without Convection Barrier10.1016/j.egypro.2015.02.091 ↗
77. Siemens Gamesa (2023, October 23). Renewable Energy. Available online: https://www.siemensgamesa.com/newsroom/2019/06/190612-siemens-gamesa-inauguration-energy-system-thermal.
78. (2023, October 23). Thermal Energy Storage in Greater Copenhagen. Available online: https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/260124158/samlet_fardig.pdf.
79. MES (multi-energy systems): An overview of concepts and evaluation models10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.041 ↗
80. An updated review on multi-carrier energy systems with electricity, gas, and water energy sources10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123136 ↗
81. Li, G., Kou, Y., Jiang, J., Lin, Y., and Bie, Z. (2016, January 10–13). Researches on the reliability evaluation of integrated energy system based on Energy Hub. Proceedings of the 2016 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), Xi’an, China.10.1109/CICED.2016.7576209 ↗
82. Jayasuriya, L., Chaudry, M., Qadrdan, M., Wu, J., and Jenkins, N. (2019, January 23–27). Energy hub modelling for multi-scale and multi-energy supply systems. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, Milan, Italy.10.1109/PTC.2019.8810641 ↗
83. Current status of heat pumps in Norway and analysis of their performance and payback time
84. The effect of complex load on the reliable operation of solar photovoltaic and wind power stations integrated into energy systems and into off-grid energy areas10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.218 ↗
85. Ilyushin, P.V., and Filippov, S.P. (2019, January 25–29). Under-frequency load shedding strategies for power districts with distributed generation. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM), Sochi, Russia.10.1109/ICIEAM.2019.8743001 ↗
86. Atănăsoae, P. (2022). Allocation of Joint Costs and Price Setting for Electricity and Heat Generated in Cogeneration. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16010134 ↗
87. The Calculation Methods of the Specific Fuel Rate in Combined Heat and Electricity Production10.7463/0216.0832949 ↗
88. Energy and exergy analysis of a pilot plant for the co-production of cold and electricity10.1051/matecconf/202337901005 ↗
89. Energy flow modeling and optimal operation analysis of the micro energy grid based on energy hub10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.011 ↗
90. Energy hub: From a model to a concept—A review10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.030 ↗
91. Favre-Perrod, P., Geidl, M., Klöckl, B., and Koeppel, G. (2005, January 11–15). A Vision of Future Energy Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE PES Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa, Durban, South Africa.
92. Geidl, M., and Andersson, G. (2005, January 22–26). Optimal power dispatch and conversion in systems with multiple energy carriers. Proceedings of the 15th Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Liège, Belgium.
93. Geidl, M., and Andersson, G. (2005, January 27–30). A modeling and optimization approach for multiple energy carrier power flow. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech, St. Petersburg, Russia.10.1109/PTC.2005.4524640 ↗
94. Optimal power flow of multiple energy carriers10.1109/TPWRS.2006.888988 ↗
95. Koeppel, G.A. (2007). Reliability Considerations of Future Energy Systems: Multi-Carrier Systems and the Effect of Energy Storage. [Master’s Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology].
96. Fourobjective optimal scheduling of energy hub using a novel energy storage, considering reliability and risk indices10.1016/j.est.2021.102731 ↗
97. Suslov, K., Shushpanov, I., Buryanina, N., and Ilyushin, P. (2020, January 2–4). Flexible power distribution networks: New opportunities and applications. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS), Prague, Czech Republic.10.5220/0009393300570064 ↗
98. Ilyushin, P.V., and Suslov, K.V. (2019, January 23–27). Operation of automatic transfer switches in the networks with distributed generation. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, Milan, Italy.10.1109/PTC.2019.8810450 ↗
99. Arnold, M., and Andersson, G. (2008, January 26). Decomposed electricity and natural gas optimal power flow. Proceedings of the 16th Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC 08), Glasgow, Scotland.
100. Ilyushin, P., Volnyi, V., Suslov, K., and Filippov, S. (2022). Review of Methods for Addressing Challenging Issues in the Operation of Protection Devices in Microgrids with Voltages of up to 1 kV that Integrates Distributed Energy Resources. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15239186 ↗