High-Gain Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications: Design, Optimization, and Experimental Validation
Source abstract
Abstract
This study presents a novel dual-band microstrip antenna operating at 28/38 GHz, which is designed for fifth generation (5G) and next-generation communications. The objective was to create a high-gain, single-element solution that addresses millimeter-wave (mmWave) challenges, like attenuation and signal loss, offering a more efficient alternative to complex array antennas. The antenna was designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 as a substrate, and CST simulations were used to optimize the return loss, gain, and efficiency. Analytical methods and parametric analyses were used to further optimize the design. Additionally, an SMP connector was integrated into the simulated model using Antenna Magus software, followed by further refinement through additional parametric studies. The final compact antenna (33 × 27 × 1.6 mm3) demonstrates excellent performance with simplified fabrication. The antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.12 GHz at 28 GHz and 1.27 GHz at 38 GHz, with remarkably low return loss values of −53.04 dB and −83.65 dB, respectively. The gain values reached 7.82 dBi at 28 GHz and 8.98 dBi at 38 GHz—prototype measurements closely aligned with simulations, confirming reliability. This study introduces a high-performance, single-element antenna that is both simple and complex. The meticulous optimization process, including SMP connector variations, minimized the fabrication sensitivity and improved the overall performance, thereby marking a significant advancement in antenna design.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Antenna Design and Analysis · Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling · Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Electronics and Automation, Tokat Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat 60250, Türkiye
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. Kikan, V., Bano, T., Bhardwaj, S., Kumar, A., and Sharma, M. (2023, January 14–16). A Comparative Review on Theory and Designing of 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO and Array Antenna. Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Innovative Data Communication Technologies and Application (ICIDCA), Uttarakhand, India.10.1109/ICIDCA56705.2023.10099873 ↗
2. Seker, C., and Güneser, M. (2018, January 19–21). A Review of Millimeter Wave Communication for 5G. Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), Ankara, Turkey.10.1109/ISMSIT.2018.8567053 ↗
3. Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks
4. Wu, C., Xue, J., and Lv, S. (2022, January 14–17). Design and Evaluation of Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays with Extended Coverage Efficiency. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA), Guangzhou, China.10.1109/CAMA56352.2022.10002625 ↗
5. Raj, T., Mishra, R., and Kumar, P. (2023). Advances in MIMO Antenna Design for 5G: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors, 23.10.3390/s23146329 ↗
6. (2024, October 23). What are 5G Frequency Bands—RF Page. RF Page, Available online: https://www.rfpage.com/what-are-5g-frequency-bands/.
7. Shorbagy, M.E., and Shubair, R. (2016, January 14–16). On the Design of Millimeter-Wave Antennas for 5G. Proceedings of the 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.10.1109/MMS.2016.7803878 ↗
8. Incident Angle Stable Broadband Conformal mmWave FSS for 5G (n257, n258, n260, and n261) Band EMI Shielding Application
9. Chakraborty, R., Kumari, N., and Mousam, M. (2018, January 29–31). The Future of 5G and Millimeter Waves. Proceedings of the 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), Coimbatore, India.10.1109/ICECA.2018.8474584 ↗
10. Array Antennas for mmWave Applications: A Comprehensive Review
11. Amın, M., and Mohamed, K. (November, January 30). 28/38 GHz Dual Band Slotted Patch Antenna with Proximity-Coupled Feed for 5G Communication. Proceedings of the 2017 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), Phuket, Thailand.10.1109/ISANP.2017.8228897 ↗
12. A Microstrip Dual-Split-Ring Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Dual-Band Applications
13. Novel Dual-Band 28/38 GHz MIMO Antennas for 5G Mobile Applications
14. Babu, P.S., Pravallika, S.S., Nawaz, M.B., and Babu NS, V. (2023, January 5–6). Dual-Band MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Applications. Proceedings of the 2023 2nd International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN), Vellore, India.10.1109/ViTECoN58111.2023.10157371 ↗
15. A Novel Dual-Band Four Port MIMO Antenna Design for 28/38 GHz Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications
16. Hsieh, S.C., Huang, H.S., Hsiao, W.C., Ho, C.Y., and Wang, C.C. (2023, January 19–22). Design of Dual-Band Antenna in Package with Steerable Beam for 5G mmWave Communication Systems. Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), Kumamoto, Japan.10.23919/ICEP58572.2023.10129704 ↗
17. Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
18. Rogers Corporation (2017). RT/duroid 5880 High Frequency Laminates Datasheet, Rogers Corporation.
19. Balanis, C.A. (2004). Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Wiley. [3rd ed.].
20. Haque, M.A., Sarker, N., Sawaran Singh, N.S., Rahman, M.A., Hasan, M.N., Islam, M., Zakariya, M.A., Paul, L.C., Sharker, A.H., and Abro, G.E.M. (2022). Dual Band Antenna Design and Prediction of Resonance Frequency Using Machine Learning Approaches. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app122010505 ↗
21. Yeo, J., and Lee, J.-I. (2022). High-Sensitivity Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for Sensing Microliter-Volume Liquid Chemicals with High Relative Permittivity and High Loss Tangent. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22249748 ↗
22. Abbasi Layegh, M., Ghobadi, C., and Nourinia, J. (2017). The Optimization Design of a Novel Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with Multi-Bands Using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System. Technologies, 5.10.3390/technologies5040075 ↗
23. Ossa-Molina, O., and López-Giraldo, F. (2022). A Simple Model to Compute the Characteristic Parameters of a Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna. Electronics, 11.10.3390/electronics11010129 ↗
24. Ayalew, L.G., and Asmare, F.M. (2022). Design and Optimization of Pi-Slotted Dual-Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Surface Response Methodology for 5G Applications. Heliyon, 8.10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12030 ↗
25. A novel wideband slot loaded microstrip patch antenna through reallocation of TM1,0, modified TM0,2 and TM1,2 modes
26. Hussain, M.B., Butt, M., Nadeem, Z., Zahid, M., and Amin, Y. (2023). Design of Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Local Area Network Applications. Eng. Proc., 46.10.3390/engproc2023046003 ↗
27. Design of Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Communication Operating at 28 GHz and 46 GHz
28. Development of Novel and High Gain Microstrip Patch Antennas at Different Frequency Bands for 6G Applications
29. Kulkarni, S.S., and Mishra, A. (2023, January 7–10). Circular Microstrip Antenna Inspired by Metamaterial and U-Shaped Notch for ISM Applications. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), Ahmedabad, India.10.1109/WAMS57261.2023.10242873 ↗
30. Jenath, M., Prasanna, R., Sandhya, J., Priya, P.B., and Nivethika, S.D. (2024, January 8–9). Design of Dual-Band Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications. Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS), Chennai, India.10.1109/ICPECTS62210.2024.10780109 ↗
31. Amphenol, R.F. (2004). SMP and SMPM Subminiature and Microminiature Connectors for Applications to 65 GHz. Microw. J., 47.
32. Dardeer, O.M., Amar, A.S., Parchin, N.O., Elfeky, A.H., and Miligy, A.F. (2023, January 18–20). Analysis and Implementation of Single Feed Dual-Band Compact Slotted Antenna at 28/38 GHz for 5G Applications. Proceedings of the 2023 International Telecommunications Conference (ITC-Egypt), Alexandria, Egypt.10.1109/ITC-Egypt58155.2023.10206362 ↗
33. Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Dual-Band 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna with Modified Ground for Isolation and Bandwidth Improvement
34. Dual-Band (28/38 GHz) Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications
35. Compact Multiband Handset Antenna Design for Covering 5G Frequency Bands
36. Giledi, M.K., and Khamoudi, B.M. (2023, January 21–23). Design of 28/38 GHz Antenna Array with Improved Gain and Bandwidth. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 3rd International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (MI-STA), Benghazi, Libya.10.1109/MI-STA57575.2023.10169118 ↗
37. Rafique, U., Khalil, H. (2017, January 19–22). Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Communications. Proceedings of the 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium—Fall (PIERS—FALL), Singapore.10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293110 ↗
38. Patch Antenna Loaded with Paired Shorting Pins and H-Shaped Slot for 28/38 GHz Dual-Band MIMO Applications
39. A Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Quasi-Endfire Phased Array for mmWave 5G Smartphones