Durable Nanofiber-Based Membrane with Efficient and Consistent Performance for Oil/Saltwater Separation

There is a large amount of oil-contaminated wastewater caused by oil/gas production and marine oil spills. It is still a major challenge for the development of oil/water separating membranes that have excellent separation efficiency, can withstand saline environments, and have long-term durability. We present a new membrane made of ultralong titanate nanofibers (TNF) (with diameter of 200 nm and length of 60 µm) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) (with a diameter of 150 nm and length of 50 µm) for efficient and consistent oil/saltwater separation. The intertwined structure of titanate and carbon nanofibers is critical to ensuring a high mechanical strength and durability for the new membrane. The carbon nanofiber works as a scaffold in this membrane to maintain mechanical integrity during multiple cycles of reuses, which is an important merit for its practical applications. The ultralong titanate nanofibers work as functional component to provide high hydrophilicity of the membrane. The new membrane has an oil/water separation efficiency of more than 99%, an oil content in treated effluent that is lower than US environmental discharge standards (42 ppm), and a high water flux of 1520 LMH/bar, due to its excellent superhydrophilicity and inter-connected pore structure. The new membrane also exhibits outstanding durability in a variety of salinity environments, as well as good resistance to oil fouling. This new type of membrane has a high potential for industrial application in treating oily wastewater due to its excellent environmental durability, oil-fouling resistance, high separation efficiency, and easy scalability.