Fast and Slow Earthquakes in Alaska: Implications from a Three-Dimensional Thermal Regime and Slab Metamorphism

Fast and slow earthquakes are predominantly generated along faults constituting active plate boundaries. Characterized by repeated devastating earthquakes and frequent slow slip events and tremors, the Alaska megathrust presents a chance to understand the complicated dynamics of a subduction system changing from steep to shallow dips associated with enigmatically abundant fast and slow seismic events. Based on three-dimensional thermal modeling, we find that the downgoing metamorphosed oceanic crust containing bound water releases a large amount of fluid and causes the recurrence of fast and slow earthquakes by elevated pore fluid pressure and hydrofracturing. The seismogenic interface and the slow slip events (SSEs) identified beneath the Upper Cook Inlet coincide well with the slab metamorphic dehydration regions. The observed slow earthquakes with quasi-stable fault slips preferentially occur, accompanied by high dehydration and temperature downdip along the transition zone.