journal article·2022-05-10Open access

Whole-Body Cryostimulation: A Rehabilitation Booster in Post-COVID Patients? A Case Series

Paolo Piterà, Michele Gobbi, Jacopo Maria Fontana, Stefania Cattaldo, Maurizio Massucci, Paolo Capodaglio

Applied Sciences· Volume 12· Issue 10

Abstract

Given the severity and prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in the general population, the identification of boosters for rehabilitation programs appears to be of paramount importance. The purpose of this case series is to provide some preliminary evidence about the role of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) as an effective adjuvant for the recovery of patients with the post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). We recruited seven patients with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms of PCC of different severities for a comprehensive rehabilitation program, including WBC. The main symptoms were dyspnea, chronic and muscular fatigue, chronic pain, and poor sleep quality. Moreover, some patients presented high levels of hematological markers of inflammation. Because we provided a range of interventions, including nutritional and psychological support along with physical exercise and physiotherapy, we could not determine to what extent WBC may per se have accounted for the clinical and functional improvements. However, for all reported cases, it was observed that the introduction of WBC sessions represented a turning point in the patient’s subjective and objective improvements related to health and functioning.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Exercise and Physiological Responses

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy

International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy

Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy

Struttura Complessa di Riabilitazione Intensiva Ospedaliera-Azienda USL Umbria 1, 06065 Passignano sul Trasimeno, Italy

Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy

References (31)

Show source-provided references
1. Critical Illness Myopathy after COVID-19
2. Gobbi, M., Bezzoli, E., Ismelli, F., Trotti, G., Cortellezzi, S., Meneguzzo, F., Arreghini, M., Seitanidis, I., Brunani, A., and Aspesi, V. (2021). Skeletal Muscle Mass, Sarcopenia and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients. J. Clin. Med., 10.10.3390/jcm10235623 ↗
3. World Health Organization (2022, January 05). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 Condition. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-post-covid-19-condition.
4. Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.020 ↗
5. Autonomic Dysfunction in ‘Long COVID’: Rationale, Physiology and Management Strategies
6. Extrapulmonary Manifestations of COVID-1910.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 ↗
7. COVID-19: From an Acute to Chronic Disease? Potential Long-Term Health Consequences10.1080/10408363.2020.1860895 ↗
8. Spontaneous Evolution of COVID-19 Lung Sequelae: Results from a Double-Step Follow-Up
9. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network—United States, March–June 202010.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1 ↗
10. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: Long-term follow-up10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384 ↗
11. COVID-19 Guide for the Rehabilitation Clinician: A Review of Nonpulmonary Manifestations and Complications10.1097/PHM.0000000000001479 ↗
12. Hopkins, C., Surda, P., Whitehead, E., and Kumar, B.N. (2020). Early Recovery Following New Onset Anosmia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Observational Cohort Study. J. Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg., 49.10.1186/s40463-020-00423-8 ↗
13. Italian Suggestions for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients Recovering from Acute Respiratory Failure: Results of a Delphi Process10.4081/monaldi.2020.1444 ↗
14. Recommendations for Respiratory Rehabilitation in Adults with Coronavirus Disease 201910.1097/CM9.0000000000000848 ↗
15. Effects of 15 Consecutive Cryotherapy Sessions on the Clinical Output of Fibromyalgic Patients10.1007/s10067-013-2280-9 ↗
16. Effectiveness of Different Cryotherapies on Pain and Disease Activity in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Randomised Single Blinded Controlled Trial
17. Hyperbaric Gaseous Cryotherapy: Effects on Skin Temperature and Systemic Vasoconstriction10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.771 ↗
18. Can Whole-Body Cryotherapy with Subsequent Kinesiotherapy Procedures in Closed Type Cryogenic Chamber Improve BASDAI, BASFI, and Some Spine Mobility Parameters and Decrease Pain Intensity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis?10.1155/2015/404259 ↗
19. Whole-Body Cryotherapy as Adjunct Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders10.1007/s00005-008-0006-5 ↗
20. Whole-Body Cryostimulation (Cryotherapy) Provides Benefits for Fatigue and Functional Status in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. A Case-Control Study10.1111/ane.12557 ↗
21. The Use of Whole-Body Cryostimulation to Improve the Quality of Sleep in Athletes During High Level Standard Competitions10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.33 ↗
22. Whole-Body Cryotherapy as a Recovery Technique after Exercise: A Review of the Literature10.1055/s-0043-114861 ↗
23. Effect of Whole Body Cryotherapy Interventions on Health-Related Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial10.1016/j.ctim.2017.10.011 ↗
24. Whole-body Cryotherapy (Extreme Cold Air Exposure) for Preventing and Treating Muscle Soreness after Exercise in Adults
25. Lung Function after Acute and Repeated Exposures to Extremely Cold Air (-110 Degrees C) during Whole-Body Cryotherapy10.1111/j.1475-097X.2006.00675.x ↗
26. Effects of the Whole-Body Cryotherapy on NTproBNP, HsCRP and Troponin I in Athletes10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.004 ↗
27. Motor Control Exercises of the Lumbar-Pelvic Region Improve Respiratory Function in Obese Men. A Pilot Study10.1080/09638288.2016.1244292 ↗
28. Post-ICU COVID-19 Outcomes: A Case Series10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2056 ↗
29. The Effect of Prolonged Whole-Body Cryostimulation Treatment with Different Amounts of Sessions on Chosen pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Healthy Men10.3109/00365513.2011.580859 ↗
30. Cryostimulation for Post-Exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Consensus and Position Paper10.3389/fspor.2021.688828 ↗
31. Weight Loss Is a Critical Factor to Reduce Inflammation10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007 ↗