Effect of the Concentration of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Aeration Intensity on Waste Glycerol Valorization by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Produced in Heterotrophic Culture of Schizochytrium sp
Source abstract
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Schizochytrium sp. biomass fed with waste glycerol depending on the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the culture medium and medium aeration effectiveness. The microalgae from the genus Schizochytrium sp. were proved to be capable of producing EPS composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and xylose. The highest EPS concentration, reaching 8.73 ± 0.09 g/dm3, was determined at the stationary growth phase. A high EPS concentration caused culture medium viscosity to increase, contributing to diminished oxygen availability for cells, lower culture effectiveness, and reduced waste glycerol conversion to DHA. The Schizochytrium sp. culture variant found optimal in terms of the obtained technological effects and operating costs was performed at the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient of kLa = 600 1/h, which enabled obtaining dry cell weight (DCW) of 147.89 ± 4.77 g/dm3, lipid concentration of 69.44 ± 0.76 g/dm3, and DHA concentration in the biomass reaching 29.44 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The effectiveness of waste glycerol consumption in this variant reached 3.76 ± 0.31 g/dm3·h and 3.16 ± 0.22 g/gDCW.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Algal biology and biofuel production · Biodiesel Production and Applications · Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
InnovaTree Sp. z o.o., 81-451 Gdynia, Poland
Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
References (67)
Show source-provided references
1. Yadav, A.K., Rossi, W., Habte-Tsion, H.-M., and Kumar, V. (2020). Impacts of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level and ratio on the growth, fatty acids composition and hepatic-antioxidant status of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture, 529.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735683 ↗
2. Tan, K., Ma, H., Li, S., and Zheng, H. (2020). Bivalves as future source of sustainable natural omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem., 311.10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125907 ↗
3. Docosahexaenoic acid production by a novel high yielding strain of Thraustochytrium sp. of Indian origin: Isolation and bioprocess optimization studies10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.011 ↗
4. High-Density pH-Auxostat Fed-Batch Culture of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 with Acetic Acid as a Carbon Source10.1007/s12010-020-03396-6 ↗
5. Low-temperature effects on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its proposed underlying mechanism10.1186/s13068-020-01811-y ↗
6. Da Silva, T.L., Moniz, P., Silva, M., and Reis, A. (2019). The Dark Side of Microalgae Biotechnology: A Heterotrophic Biorefinery Platform Directed to ω-3 Rich Lipid Production. Microorganisms, 7.10.3390/microorganisms7120670 ↗
7. Zhang, M., Wu, W., Guo, X., Weichen, Y., Qi, F., Jiang, X., and Huang, J. (2018). Mathematical modeling of fed-batch fermentation of Schizochytrium sp. FJU-512 growth and DHA production using a shift control strategy. 3 Biotech, 8.10.1007/s13205-018-1187-1 ↗
8. Development of a method for the valorization of fermentation wastewater and algal-residue extract in docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp.10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.109 ↗
9. Bi, Z.Q., Ren, L.J., Hu, X.C., Sun, X.M., Zhu, S.Y., Ji, X.J., and Huang, H. (2018). Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of do-cosahexaenoic acid producer Schizochytrium sp. under different oxygen supply conditions. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 11.10.1186/s13068-018-1250-5 ↗
10. Dai, K., Zhao, J., Cheng, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, C., and Chen, M. (2020). Inulin as a Promising Alternative Feedstock for Docosahexaenoic Acid Production by Schizochytrium sp. ATCC 20888. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 122.10.1002/ejlt.202000079 ↗
11. Development of a cooperative two-factor adaptive-evolution method to enhance lipid production and prevent lipid peroxidation in Schizochytrium sp.10.1186/s13068-018-1065-4 ↗
12. Dȩbowski, M., Zieliński, M., Kazimierowicz, J., Kujawska, N., and Talbierz, S. (2020). Microalgae cultivation technologies as an oppor-tunity for bioenergetic system development—Advantages and limitations. Sustainability, 12.10.3390/su12239980 ↗
13. Hu, X., Tang, X., Bi, Z., Zhao, Q., and Ren, L. (2021). Adaptive evolution of microalgae Schizochytrium sp. under high temperature for efficient production of docosahexaeonic acid. Algal Res., 54.10.1016/j.algal.2021.102212 ↗
14. Microbial sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the prospect of organic residues and wastes as growth media for PUFA-producing microorganisms10.1093/femsle/fnaa028 ↗
15. Sequential fed-batch fermentation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by Clostridium butyricum DL0710.1007/s00253-020-10931-2 ↗
16. Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol by in situ produced hydrogen from aqueous phase reforming of glycerol over SiO2–Al2O3 supported nickel catalyst10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.013 ↗
17. Kaur, J., Sarma, A.K., Jha, M.K., and Gera, P. (2020). Valorisation of crude glycerol to value-added products: Perspectives of process technology, economics and environmental issues. Biotechnol. Rep., 27.10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00487 ↗
18. Co-production of high quality hydrogen and synthesis gas via sorption-enhanced steam reforming of glycerol coupled with methane reforming of carbonates10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.203 ↗
19. Synthesis and catalytic evaluation of acidic carbons in the etherification of glycerol obtained from biodiesel production10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.016 ↗
20. Bouriakova, A., Mendes, P.S., Katryniok, B., De Clercq, J., and Thybaut, J.W. (2020). Co-metal induced stabilization of alumina-supported copper: Impact on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol. Catal. Commun., 146.10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106134 ↗
21. Methods of Preparing Epichlorohydrin10.1134/S0040579518050184 ↗
22. Valorification of crude glycerol for pure fractions of docosahexaenoic acid and β-carotene production by using Schizochytrium limacinum and Blakeslea trispora10.1186/s12934-018-0945-4 ↗
23. Industrial Glycerol as a Supplementary Carbon Source in the Production of β-Carotene by Blakeslea trispora10.1021/jf703667d ↗
24. Synthesis of FAEEs from glycerol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae using endogenously produced ethanol by heterologous expression of an unspecific bacterial acyltransferase10.1002/bit.23311 ↗
25. Bianco, F., Race, M., Forino, V., Pacheco-Ruiz, S., and Rene, E.R. (2021). Bioreactors for wastewater to energy conversion: From pilot to full scale experiences. Waste Biorefinery, 103–124.10.1016/B978-0-12-821879-2.00004-1 ↗
26. Dąbrowski, W., Karolinczak, B., Malinowski, P., and Boruszko, D. (2019). Modeling of Pollutants Removal in Subsurface Vertical Flow and Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water, 11.10.3390/w11010180 ↗
27. Karolinczak, B., Miłaszewski, R., and Dąbrowski, W. (2020). Cost Optimization of Wastewater and Septage Treatment Process. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13236406 ↗
28. Giant miscanthus as a substrate for biogas production10.12911/22998993/59362 ↗
29. Optimizing low-temperature biogas pro-duction from biomass by anaerobic digestion10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.039 ↗
30. Influence of static magnetic field on sludge properties10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.226 ↗
31. Bani, A., Fernandez, F.G.A., D’Imporzano, G., Parati, K., and Adani, F. (2021). Influence of photobioreactor set-up on the survival of microalgae inoculum. Bioresour. Technol., 320.10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124408 ↗
32. Enhanced production of carotenoids using a Thraustochytrid microalgal strain containing high levels of docosahexaenoic acid-rich oil10.1007/s00449-018-1963-7 ↗
33. Chemical oxygen demand reduction of various wastewater types using magnetic field-assisted fenton reaction10.2175/106143004X141889 ↗
34. Improving Docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizchytrium sp. using a newly designed high-oxygen-supply bioreactor10.1002/aic.15783 ↗
35. Development of a stepwise aeration control strategy for efficient docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp.10.1007/s00253-010-2639-7 ↗
36. Multivariate models for prediction of rheological characteristics of filamentous fermenta-tion broth from the size distribution10.1002/bit.21732 ↗
37. Yao, C., Zhao, Y., Zheng, J., Zhang, Q., and Chen, G. (2020). The effect of liquid viscosity and modeling of mass transfer in gas–liquid slug flow in a rectangular microchannel. AIChE J., 66.10.1002/aic.16934 ↗
38. Blunt, W., Gaugler, M., Collet, C., Sparling, R., Gapes, D.J., Levin, D.B., and Cicek, N. (2019). Rheological Behavior of High Cell Density Pseudomonas putida LS46 Cultures during Production of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Polymers. Bioeng., 6.10.3390/bioengineering6040093 ↗
39. Bodie, E., Virag, A., Pratt, R.J., Leiva, N., Ward, M., and Dodge, T. (2021). Reduced viscosity mutants of Trichoderma reesei with improved industrial fermentation characteristics. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 48.10.1093/jimb/kuab014 ↗
40. Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Crypthecodinium cohnii10.1007/s002530100788 ↗
41. Xanthan gum biosynthesis and application: A biochemical /genetic perspective10.1007/s002530051269 ↗
42. Investigation of composi-tion, structure and bioactivity of extracellular polymeric substances from original and stress-induced strains of Thrausto-chytrium striatum10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.126 ↗
43. Olvera-Sosa, M., Rosales-Mendoza, S., García-Briones, G.S., Betancourt-Mendiola, M.D.L., González-Ortega, O., and Palestino, G. (2021). A novel acrylic acid-Schizochytrium sp. bio-based polymer: Design, synthesis, and properties. Mater. Today Commun., 26.10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102029 ↗
44. Bioreactor scale-up and oxygen transfer rate in microbial processes: An overview10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.006 ↗
45. Influence of oxygen on the biosynthesis of polyun-saturated fatty acids in microalgae10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.005 ↗
46. Kujawska, N., Talbierz, S., Dębowski, M., Kazimierowicz, J., and Zieliński, M. (2021). Optimizing Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production by Schizochytrium sp. Grown on Waste Glycerol. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14061685 ↗
47. Kujawska, N., Talbierz, S., Dębowski, M., Kazimierowicz, J., and Zieliński, M. (2021). Cultivation Method Effect on Schizochytrium sp. Biomass Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production with the Use of Waste Glycerol as a Source of Organic Carbon. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14102952 ↗
48. The measurement of microbial carbohydrate exopolymers from intertidal sediments10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1243 ↗
49. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related sub-stances10.1021/ac60111a017 ↗
50. Chaplin, M., and Kennedy, J. (1986). Carbohydrate Analysis: A practical Approach.
51. Extracellular polysaccharide production by Rhizobium ciceri from Turkey10.1007/BF03175611 ↗
52. Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.020 ↗
53. Effects of incuba- tion temperature on growth and production of exopolysaccha-rides by an Antarctic sea ice bacterium grown in batch culture10.1128/AEM.71.7.3519-3523.2005 ↗
54. Yin, W., Wang, Y., Liu, L., and He, J. (2019). Biofilms: The Microbial “Protective Clothing” in Extreme Environments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.10.3390/ijms20143423 ↗
55. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances in marine biogeochemical processes
56. Jaroszuk-Ściseł, J., Nowak, A., Komaniecka, I., Choma, A., Jarosz-Wilkołazka, A., Osińska-Jaroszuk, M., Tyśkiewicz, R., Wiater, A., and Rogalski, J. (2020). Differences in Production, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) Obtained from Cultures of Endophytic Fusarium culmorum Strains with Different Effects on Cereals. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25030616 ↗
57. Kumar, D., Kastanek, P., and Adhikary, S.P. (2018). Exopolysaccharides from cyanobacteria and microalgae and their commercial ap-plication. Curr. Sci., 115.10.18520/cs/v115/i2/234-241 ↗
58. Production, extraction and characterization of microalgal and cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.001 ↗
59. Microalgae for high-value compounds and biofuels production: A review with focus on cultivation under stress conditions10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.011 ↗
60. Pierre, G., Delattre, C., Dubessay, P., Jubeau, S., Vialleix, C., Cadoret, J.-P., Probert, I., and Michaud, P. (2019). What Is in Store for EPS Microalgae in the Next Decade?. Molecules, 24.10.3390/molecules24234296 ↗
61. Extracellular polysaccharide production by thraustochytrid protists10.1007/s10126-004-4025-x ↗
62. The relationship of oxygen uptake rate and kLa with rheological properties in high cell density cultivation of docosahexaenoic acid by Schizochytrium sp. S3110.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.002 ↗
63. Improvement of fermentation performance of Gluconobacter oxydans by combination of enhanced oxygen mass transfer in compressed-oxygen-supplied sealed system and cell-recycle technique10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.107 ↗
64. Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. using a two-stage oxygen supply control strategy based on oxygen transfer coefficient10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02960.x ↗
65. The viscosity behaviors of bacterial suspensions or extracellular polymeric substances and their effects on aerobic granular sludge10.1007/s11356-019-06012-1 ↗
66. Endogenously synthesized (-)-proto-quercitol and glycine betaine are principal compatible solutes fo Schizochytrium sp. strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and three new isolates of phylogenetically related thraustochytrids10.1128/AEM.00610-07 ↗
67. Improvement of docosahexaenoic acid production on glycerol by Schizochytrium sp. S31 with constantly high oxygen transfer coefficient10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.107 ↗