Influence of Encapsulation of Propolis Extract with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on Polyphenolic Contents during In Vitro Simulation of Digestion

Studies of polyphenols in various natural products have shown their variability and often low amounts. Thus, we aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of the main polyphenolic groups extracted from two poplar types of propolis collected in continental Croatia. The propolis complex, in the form of water-soluble powder of propolis extract with the carrier 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), was obtained by applying ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by lyophilization. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was conducted on the propolis complex extracts and a mixture of standards (pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester). Fractions from the oral, gastric, and intestinal phase samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically by standard methods used to determine the content of total phenols (TPs), flavonols/flavones (TFFs), and flavanones/dihydroflavonols (TFDs). The small-intestinal phase was performed by two models: centrifugation and dialysis. The results of propolis-HP-β-CD extracts demonstrated high polyphenolic bioaccessibility during all three phases of digestion. The bioaccessibility of TPs, TFFs, and TFDs after the intestinal phase with centrifugation was from 0.02 to 8.86 times higher than in the dialysis phase, stressing that it is a better model than dialysis. Our findings show that the inclusion complex of propolis with HP-β-CD enables the good solubility of polyphenol groups.