Temporal Analysis of Influence of Resource Failures on Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Discrete Timed Petri Nets
Source abstract
Abstract
Advancement of IoT and ICT provide infrastructure to manage, monitor and control Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) through timely provision of real-time information from the shop floor. Although real-time information in CPS such as resource failures can be detected based on IoT and ICT, improper response to resource failures may cripple CPS and degrade performance. Effective operations of CPS relies on an effective scheme to evaluate the impact of resource failures, support decision making needed and take proper actions to respond to resource failures. This motivates us to develop a methodology to assess the impact of resource failures on operations of CPS and provide the decision support as needed. The goal of this study is to propose solution algorithms to analyze robustness of CPS with respect to resource failures in terms of the impact on temporal properties. Given CPS modeled by a class of discrete timed Petri nets (DTPNs), we develop theory to analyze robustness of CPS by transforming the models to residual spatial-temporal network (RSTN) models in which capacity loss due to resources is reflected. We formulate an optimization problem to determine the influence of resource failures on CPS based on RSTNs and analyze the feasibility to meet the order deadline. To study the feasibility to solve a real problem, we analyze the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. We illustrate the proposed method by application scenarios. We conduct experiments to study efficiency and verify computational feasibility of the proposed method to solve a real problem.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Petri Nets in System Modeling · Network Time Synchronization Technologies · Real-Time Systems Scheduling
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
Funding
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. IoT in Smart Cities: A Survey of Technologies, Practices and Challenges10.3390/smartcities4020024 ↗
2. (2019, February 21). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Available online: https://www.nist.gov/el/cyber-physical-systems.
3. Classification of cyber-physical production systems applications: Proposition of an analysis framework10.1016/j.compind.2018.10.002 ↗
4. Vodyaho, A., Abbas, S., Zhukova, N., and Chervoncev, M. (2020). Model Based Approach to Cyber–Physical Systems Status Monitoring. Computers, 9.10.3390/computers9020047 ↗
5. Robust Cyber-Physical Systems: Concept, models, and implementation10.1016/j.future.2015.06.006 ↗
6. Ali, N., and Hong, J.E. (2018). Failure Detection and Prevention for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Ontology-Based Knowledge Base. Computers, 7.10.3390/computers7040068 ↗
7. Robust, Secure, and Cost-Effective Design for Cyber-Physical Systems10.1109/MIS.2014.9 ↗
8. Hsieh, F.S. (2021). A Dynamic Context-Aware Workflow Management Scheme for Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Multi-Agent System Architecture. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11052030 ↗
9. Modeling and verification of time dependent systems using time Petri nets10.1109/32.75415 ↗
10. Efficient Reachability Analysis for Time Petri Nets10.1109/TC.2010.195 ↗
11. (2021, May 09). Model Driven Architecture. Available online: https://www.omg.org/mda/.
12. Robust scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems with unreliable operations and resources10.1080/00207543.2019.1682706 ↗
13. Control Design for Bounded Partially Controlled TPNs Using Timed Extended Reachability Graphs and MDP10.1109/TSMC.2018.2817492 ↗
14. A dynamic scheme for scheduling complex tasks in manufacturing systems based on collaboration of agents10.1007/s10489-014-0521-5 ↗
15. Hsieh, F.S. (2021, January 10–13). Robustness Analysis of Cyber-Physical systems based on Discrete Timed Cyber-Physical Models. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT), Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/AIIoT52608.2021.9454249 ↗
16. Spiegel, M.H., Widl, E., Heinzl, B., Kastner, W., and Akroud, N. (2020). Model-Based Virtual Components in Event-Based Controls: Linking the FMI and IEC 61499. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10051611 ↗
17. State Tracking and Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems Using Labeled Uncertainty Graph10.3390/s151128031 ↗
18. Kučera, E., Haffner, O., Drahoš, P., Cigánek, J., Leskovský, R., and Štefanovič, J. (2020). New Software Tool for Modeling and Control of Discrete-Event and Hybrid Systems Using Timed Interpreted Petri Nets. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10155027 ↗
19. Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications10.1109/5.24143 ↗
20. The Petri Net Markup Language10.1007/978-3-540-40022-6_7 ↗
21. The Petri net markup language: Concepts, technology and tools
22. Wisniewski, R., Bazydło, G., Szcześniak, P., Grobelna, I., and Wojnakowski, M. (2019). Design and Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems Specified by Petri Nets—A Case Study of a Direct Matrix Converter. Mathematics, 7.10.3390/math7090812 ↗
23. Modeling and Decision-Making Methods for a Class of Cyber–Physical Systems Based on Modified Hybrid Stochastic Timed Petri Net10.1109/JSYST.2020.2970748 ↗
24. Timed Petri nets definitions, properties, and applications10.1016/0026-2714(91)90007-T ↗
25. A generalized timed Petri net model for performance analysis10.1109/TSE.1987.233141 ↗
26. Murata, T. (1985, January 19–20). Use of resource-time product concept to derive a performance measure of timed Petri nets. Proceedings of the 1985 Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Systems, Louisville, KY, USA.
27. Macro E-nets for representation of parallel systems10.1109/TC.1973.5009150 ↗
28. Onaga, K., Tani, K., and Chan, S.P. (1981, January 9–11). Modeling and scheduling of resource-sharing concurrent processes in networks of recurrent multiprograms and multi-PERTs. Proceedings of the 14th Asilomar Conference Circuits Systems Computers, Monterey, CA, USA.
29. Ramchandani, C. (1974). Analysis of Asvnchronous Concurrent Systems by Timed Petri Nets. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].
30. Performance evaluation of concurrent systems using Petri nets10.1016/0020-0190(84)90067-X ↗
31. Meyer, J.F., Movaghar, A., and Sanders, W.H. (1985, January 1–3). Stochastic Activity Networks: Structure, Behavior, and Application. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Timed Petri Nets, Torino, Italy.
32. Bibliography of Petri nets 1990
33. On Petri nets with deterministic and exponential transition firing times
34. Robustness of deadlock avoidance algorithms for sequential processes10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00176-6 ↗
35. Fault-tolerant deadlock avoidance algorithm for assembly processes10.1109/TSMCA.2003.820574 ↗
36. A Robust Prevention Method for Automated Manufacturing Systems with Unreliable Resources Using Petri Nets10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2885116 ↗
37. A Survey on Robust Deadlock Control Policies for Automated Manufacturing Systems with Unreliable Resources10.1109/TASE.2019.2926758 ↗
38. (2021, May 09). CPLEX Optimizer. Available online: https://www.ibm.com/analytics/cplex-optimizer.
39. Deadlock prevention and avoidance in FMS: A Petri net based approach10.1007/BF01438223 ↗
40. Barkaoui, K., and Abdallah, I.B. (1996, January 9–12). Structural liveness analysis of S3PR nets. Proceedings of the Symposium on Discrete Events and Manufacturing Systems, CESA’96 IMACS Multiconference, Lille, France.
41. (2021, May 09). Unified Modeling Language. Available online: https://www.omg.org/spec/UML.
42. Recoverability of Communication Protocols—Implications of a Theoretical Study10.1109/TCOM.1976.1093424 ↗
43. Robustness of Time Petri Nets under Architectural Constraints10.1007/978-3-642-33365-1_3 ↗
44. Robustness of Time Petri Nets under Guard Enlargement10.3233/FI-2016-1312 ↗
45. Precise Robustness Analysis of Time Petri Nets with Inhibitor Arcs10.1007/978-3-642-40229-6_1 ↗
46. An Algorithm for the General Petri Net Reachability Problem10.1137/0213029 ↗
47. Lipton, R.J. (1976). The Reachability Problem requires exponential space. Department of Computer Science, Yale University. Research Report 62.
48. Analyzing Safety of Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems Considering Variability10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3021460 ↗