An Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation Method for Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr(VI) Remediation: An Experimental and Simulation Study
Source abstract
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination has long been a tough challenge. Recently, enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has been proposed to handle this problem. This paper aims to explore the efficacy, process, and mechanisms of EICP using crude sword bean urease extracts to remediate Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr(VI) contamination. A series of liquid batch tests and geochemical simulations, as well as microscopic analyses, were conducted. The liquid batch test results show that Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr(VI) can be effectively immobilized by the EICP method, and the highest immobilization percentage was observed for Zn2+, reaching up to 99%. Ni2+ and Cr(VI) were immobilized at 62.4% and 24.4%, respectively. Additionally, the immobilization percentage of heavy metals increased with the concentration of added Ca2+. The simulation results and XRD results reveal that the organic molecules in crude sword bean urease can promote ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, and NiCO3 precipitation. The FTIR and SEM-EDS results provide evidence for heavy metal adsorption by the functional groups in crude urease and calcium carbonate. The liquid batch test results, as well as the simulation results and the microscopic analysis results, indicate that the mechanism of EICP in heavy metal remediation can be summarized as biomineralization to form heavy metal carbonate precipitates and metal hydroxide precipitates, adsorption by calcium carbonate, and adsorption or complexation or promoting nucleation by organic molecules.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microbial Applications in Construction Materials · Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition · Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Center for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi Dong Road, Lian Chi District, Baoding 071002, China
Funding
the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang · the National Natural Science Foundation of China · the National Key Research and Development Program of China · the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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