Flocculating Activity of a Bioflocculant from Bacillus megaterium BMBF in Treatment of Domestic and Coal Mine Wastewater
Source abstract
Abstract
Attention has been paid to bioflocculants production because of their effectiveness, innocuousness and environmental friendliness. This study aimed to characterise a bioflocculant from Bacillus megaterium BMBF and apply it in wastewater treatment. The proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acid were calculated using the Bradford, phenol–sulphuric acid and carbazole assays, respectively. An energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and infrared spectrometry were employed for the identification of the elemental composition and effective units, respectively. Cytotoxicity was carried out against Vero (African green monkey kidney) and bovine dermis cells using a colorimetric cytotoxicity assay. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in domestic and coal mine wastewater was studied using the Jar test. The flocculant was composed of 12% protein, 27% carbohydrates and 61% uronic acid. Infrared spectrometry indicated hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups. EDX indicated C (61%) and O (17.5%) as the main elements. The bioflocculant revealed the mean inhibition concentration of 59 ug/mL against bovine dermis and 240 µg/mL on Vero cells. Maximum COD and BOD removal percentages of 97% and 99.3% were recorded on coal mine wastewater treatment and about 99.2% (COD) and 93% (BOD) on domestic wastewater. In conclusion, the bioflocculant from B. megaterium has potential industrial utility.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Coagulation and Flocculation Studies · Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques · Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
References (56)
Show source-provided references
1. Optimization and characterization of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant produced by Paenibacillus elgii B69 and its application in wastewater treatment10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.013 ↗
2. Wastewater treatment for carbon capture and utilization10.1038/s41893-018-0187-9 ↗
3. Global, regional, and country level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.007 ↗
4. A novel bioflocculant produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application to sludge dewatering10.1111/j.1747-6593.2012.00319.x ↗
5. Waterborne disease risk factors and intervention practices: A review
6. Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications10.1039/C5PY01572C ↗
7. High-performance flocculants for purification: Solving the problem of waste incineration bottom ash and unpurified water10.1021/acsomega.0c01296 ↗
8. Recent advances and perspectives in efforts to reduce the production and application cost of microbial flocculants10.1186/s40643-021-00405-2 ↗
9. Li, H., Wu, S., Du, C., Zhong, Y., and Yang, C. (2020). Preparation, performances, and mechanisms of microbial flocculants for wastewater treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.10.3390/ijerph17041360 ↗
10. Maćczak, P., Kaczmarek, H., and Ziegler-Borowska, M. (2020). Recent achievements in polymer bio-based flocculants for water treatment. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13183951 ↗
11. Halomonas sp. OKOH—A marine bacterium isolated from the bottom sediment of Algoa Bay—Produces a polysaccharide bioflocculant: Partial characterization and biochemical analysis of its properties10.3390/molecules16064358 ↗
12. Polymeric flocculants for wastewater and industrial effluent treatment
13. Bioflocculants from wastewater: Insights into adsorption affinity, flocculation mechanisms and mixed particle flocculation based on biopolymer size-fractionation10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.146 ↗
14. Natural flocculants from fresh and saline wastewater: Comparative properties and flocculation performances10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.123 ↗
15. Screening for bioflocculant-producing bacteria from the marine environment of Sodwana Bay, South Africa10.2478/ast-2018-0010 ↗
16. Abu Tawila, Z.M., Ismail, S., Dadrasnia, A., and Usman, M.M. (2018). Production and characterization of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus salmalaya 139SI-7 and its applications in wastewater treatment. Molecules, 23.10.3390/molecules23102689 ↗
17. Multiple pollutants removal from industrial wastewaters using a novel bioflocculant produced by Bacillus licheniformis NJ310.1002/ep.13027 ↗
18. Using a novel polysaccharide BM2 produced by Bacillus megaterium strain PL8 as an efficient bioflocculant for wastewater treatment10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.167 ↗
19. Isolation, identification, and optimization of culture conditions of a bioflocculant-producing bacterium Bacillus megaterium SP1 and its application in aquaculture wastewater treatment10.1155/2016/2758168 ↗
20. Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp.10.1080/09593330.2015.1133717 ↗
21. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances10.1021/ac60111a017 ↗
22. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 ↗
23. An improved methodology for the quantification of uronic acid units in xylans and other polysaccharides10.1016/j.carres.2007.03.031 ↗
24. Aspergillus oryzae, a novel eco-friendly fungal bioflocculant for turbid drinking water treatment10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119669 ↗
25. Production, characterization and structural modification of exopolysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Rhizobium radiobacter SZ4S7S14 and media optimization10.1007/s13205-017-0811-9 ↗
26. Production, characterization and effect of cultural condition on bioflocculant produced by Alcaligenes aquatilis AP410.9734/JALSI/2017/36453 ↗
27. Biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using a bioflocculant extracted from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB210.1166/asem.2019.2448 ↗
28. Makapela, B., Okaiyeto, K., Ntozonke, N., Nwodo, U.U., Green, E., Mabinya, L.V., and Okoh, A.I. (2016). Assessment of Bacillus pumilus isolated from fresh water milieu for bioflocculant production. Appl. Sci., 6.10.3390/app6080211 ↗
29. Masuku, S.K. (2019). Synthesis and Application of a Grafted Flocculant Produced from a Chemical Combination of a Bioflocculant TKT and Acrylamide (AM). [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Zululand].
30. Fermentation optimization, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides from Funalia trogii10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.093 ↗
31. Ntozonke, N., Okaiyeto, K., Okoli, A.S., Olaniran, A.O., Nwodo, U.U., and Okoh, A.I. (2017). A marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. isolated from the sediment samples of Algoa Bay in South Africa produces a polysaccharide-bioflocculant. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.10.3390/ijerph14101149 ↗
32. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 ↗
33. Characterization and flocculation properties of a carbohydrate bioflocculant from a newly isolated Bacillus velezensis 40B
34. Glutamic acid independent production of bioflocculants by Bacillus subtilis UPMB1310.1007/s40710-016-0161-3 ↗
35. Production and characterization of a novel bioflocculant from Bacillus licheniformis10.1128/AEM.02558-09 ↗
36. Production and characterization of bioflocculants for mineral processing applications10.1016/j.minpro.2015.02.007 ↗
37. Composition and characterization of microbiological flocculant SC06
38. Tsilo, P.H., Basson, A.K., Ntombela, Z.G., Maliehe, T.S., and Pullabhotla, V.R. (2022). Production and characterization of a bioflocculant from Pichia kudriavzevii MH545928. 1 and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.10.3390/ijerph19063148 ↗
39. Production, characterisation and flocculation mechanism of bioflocculant TMT-1 from marine Bacillus pumilus JX860616
40. Isolation and optimization of culture conditions of a bioflocculant-producing fungi from Kombucha tea SCOBY10.3390/microbiolres12040070 ↗
41. Dlamini, N.G., Basson, A.K., and Pullabhotla, R.V. (2020). Wastewater treatment by a polymeric bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles synthesized from a bioflocculant. Polymers, 12.10.3390/polym12071618 ↗
42. Properties of bioflocculant-producing bacteria for high flocculating activity efficiency10.1016/j.eti.2022.102529 ↗
43. Microbial flocculant produced by a novel Paenibacillus sp., strain A9, using food processing wastewater to replace fermentation medium and its application for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution10.1177/0263617419876850 ↗
44. Characterization of a compound bioflocculant produced by mixed culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F610.1007/s11274-011-0726-2 ↗
45. Wastewater treatment by a novel bioflocculant from a consortium of Bacillus pumilus JX860616 and Bacillus Subtilis CSM5
46. Maliehe, T.S., Basson, A.K., and Dlamini, N.G. (2019). Removal of pollutants in mine wastewater by a non-cytotoxic polymeric bioflocculant from Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16204001 ↗
47. A novel efficient bioflocculant QZ-7 for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater10.1039/C9RA04683F ↗
48. Production of a bioflocculant from Aspergillus niger using palm oil mill effluent as carbon source10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.038 ↗
49. Makapela, B. (2015). Evaluation of Bioflocculant-Producing Potential of Bacillus pumilus Strain Isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. [Master’s Thesis, University of Fort Hare].
50. Bioflocculant production by a consortium of two bacterial species and its potential application in industrial wastewater and river water treatment
51. Agunbiade, M.O., Van Heerden, E., Pohl, C.H., and Ashafa, A.T. (2017). Flocculating performance of a bioflocculant produced by Arthrobacter humicola in sewage waste water treatment. BMC Biotechnol., 17.10.1186/s12896-017-0375-0 ↗
52. Screening and characterization of a bioflocculant produced by Aeromonas sp.
53. Characteristics and flocculating mechanism of a novel bioflocculant HBF-3 produced by deep-sea bacterium mutant Halomonas sp. V3a’10.1007/s11274-009-0281-2 ↗
54. Biosynthesis of novel exopolymers by Aureobasidium pullulans10.1128/AEM.65.12.5265-5271.1999 ↗
55. Production of a non-cytotoxic bioflocculant by a bacterium utilizing a petroleum hydrocarbon source and its application in heavy metal removal10.1039/C5RA08636A ↗
56. Bioflocculant production by culture of Serratia ficaria and its application in wastewater treatment10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.077 ↗