Value Creation with Digital Twins: Application-Oriented Conceptual Framework and Case Study
Source abstract
Abstract
The internet of things, digital twins of smart connected products, and thereby enabled smart services are topics of great interest and have been gaining traction for many years. However, many questions concerning the application-oriented usage of digital twins still need to be scrutinized. Therefore, this paper examines the question of an application-oriented framework for value creation with digital twins using design science research approaches. A conceptual reference framework is presented based on earlier research and iteratively developed within workshops with three companies. The framework incorporates primary dimensions of external and internal value creation and data resources. Further, it discusses the product life cycle, the real-world counterpart, value creation in the ecosystem, and the generational aspect of the digital twins. Furthermore, applying the framework to a use case with an industrial research partner helps to show the contributions to the industrial sector. The framework provides utility to practitioners as a means of creating a common sense in interdisciplinary teams, communicating digital twin projects to internal and external stakeholders, and as a toolbox for specific challenges concerning digital twins. In addition, the framework distinguishes itself from existing approaches by including the service ecosystem and its actors while considering the principles of product life cycle management. Therefore, using the framework in other use cases will test the approach on different industries and products. Furthermore, there is a need to develop approaches for implementing and developing an existing case.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Digital Transformation in Industry · Service and Product Innovation · Big Data and Business Intelligence
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Theaterstrasse 17, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Technikumstrasse 81, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 40, 50139 Firenze, Italy
Shiptec AG, Werftestrasse 5, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
References (94)
Show source-provided references
1. Smith, S. (2020). IoT Connections to Reach 83 Billion by 2024, Driven by Maturing Industrial Use Cases, Juniper Research Limited.
2. Management science in the era of smart consumer products: Challenges and research perspectives10.1007/s10100-016-0436-9 ↗
3. How smart, connected products are transforming competition
4. How smart, connected products are transforming companies
5. “Futurizing” smart service: Implications for service researchers and managers10.1108/JSM-01-2015-0040 ↗
6. Barbieri, C., West, S., Rapaccini, M., and Meierhofer, J. (2019, January 17–19). Are Practitioners and Literature Aligned About Digital Twin?. Proceedings of the 26th EurOMA Conference Operations Adding Value to Society, Helsinki, Finland.
7. Shen, Z.J.M., Wang, L., and Deng, T. (2021). Digital Twin: What It Is, Why Do It, Related Challenges, and Research Opportunities for Operations Research. SSRN Electron. J.10.2139/ssrn.3777695 ↗
8. A systematic design approach for service innovation of smart product-service systems10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.101 ↗
9. Das Konzept des Digitalen Zwillings verstehen und gewinnbringend einsetzen10.3139/104.112324 ↗
10. Digital twin: Manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication
11. Grieves, M., and Vickers, J. (2017). Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems, Springer.
12. Kahlen, F.J., Flumerfelt, S., and Alves, A. (2017). Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems: New Findings and Approaches, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7 ↗
13. Singh, S., Shehab, E., Higgins, N., Fowler, K., Tomiyama, T., and Fowler, C. (2018, January 12–14). Challenges of Digital Twin in High Value Manufacturing. Proceedings of the Aerospace Systems and Technology Conference, Samara, Russia. SAE Technical Papers.10.4271/2018-01-1928 ↗
14. Glaessgen, E., and Stargel, D. (2012, January 23–26). The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and US Air Force vehicles. Proceedings of the 53rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference: Special Session on the Digital Twin, Honolulu, HI, USA.10.2514/6.2012-1818 ↗
15. Detzner, A., and Eigner, M. (2018, January 21–24). A digital twin for root cause analysis and product quality monitoring. Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference (DS 92), Dubrovnik, Croatia.10.21278/idc.2018.0418 ↗
16. Landahl, J., Panarotto, M., Johannesson, H., Isaksson, O., and Lööf, J. (2018, January 14–17). Towards adopting digital twins to support design reuse during platform concept development. Proceedings of the NordDesign 2018 (DS 91), Linköping, Sweden.
17. Qi, Q., Tao, F., Zuo, Y., and Zhao, D. (2018, January 16–18). Digital Twin Service towards Smart Manufacturing. Proceedings of the Procedia CIRP, Stockholm, Sweden.10.1016/j.procir.2018.03.103 ↗
18. A Hierarchical Digital Twin Model Framework for Dynamic Cyber-Physical System Design10.1145/3314493.3314504 ↗
19. Digital Twin Shop-Floor: A New Shop-Floor Paradigm Towards Smart Manufacturing10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2756069 ↗
20. Tao, F., Zhang, M., and Nee, A.Y.C. (2019). Digital Twin Driven Smart Manufacturing, Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-817630-6.00010-2 ↗
21. Digital Twin in Industry: State-of-the-Art10.1109/TII.2018.2873186 ↗
22. Uhlenkamp, J.F., Hribernik, K., Wellsandt, S., and Thoben, K.D. (2019, January 17–19). Digital Twin Applications: A first systemization of their dimensions. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), Valbonne, France.10.1109/ICE.2019.8792579 ↗
23. Bures, T., Duchien, L., and Inverardi, P. (2019). Software Architecture, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-29983-5 ↗
24. Sjarov, M., Lechler, T., Fuchs, J., Brossog, M., Selmaier, A., Faltus, F., Donhauser, T., and Franke, J. (2020, January 8–11). The Digital Twin Concept in Industry—A Review and Systematization. Proceedings of the 2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Vienna, Austria.10.1109/ETFA46521.2020.9212089 ↗
25. Jaensch, F., Csiszar, A., Scheifele, C., and Verl, A. (2018, January 20–22). Digital Twins of Manufacturing Systems as a Base for Machine Learning. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP), Stuttgart, Germany.10.1109/M2VIP.2018.8600844 ↗
26. Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.474 ↗
27. Experimentable Digital Twins-Streamlining Simulation-Based Systems Engineering for Industry 4.010.1109/TII.2018.2804917 ↗
28. A Review of the Roles of Digital Twin in CPS-based Production Systems10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.198 ↗
29. Boschert, S., Heinrich, C., and Rosen, R. (2018). Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering (TMCE), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, 7–11 May 2018, Delft University of Technology.
30. An architecture of an Intelligent Digital Twin in a Cyber-Physical Production System10.1515/auto-2019-0039 ↗
31. Van der Valk, H., Haße, H., Möller, F., Arbter, M., Henning, J.L., and Otto, B. (2020, January 10–14). A Taxonomy of Digital Twins. Proceedings of the AMCIS, Online.10.1007/s12599-021-00727-7 ↗
32. Digital Twin Paradigm Shift: The Journey of the Digital Twin Definition10.5220/0010997600003179 ↗
33. Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing10.1016/j.compind.2019.103130 ↗
34. Agrawal, A., Singh, V., Thiel, R., Pillsbury, M., Knoll, H., Puckett, J., and Fischer, M. (2022, January 9–12). Digital Twin in Practice: Emergent Insights from an Ethnographic-Action Research Study. Proceedings of the Construction Research Congress, Arlington, VA, USA.10.1061/9780784483961.131 ↗
35. Digital Twins: State of the art theory and practice, challenges, and open research questions
36. Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.040 ↗
37. Enders, M.R., and Hoßbach, N. (2019, January 15–17). Dimensions of digital twin applications-a literature review. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Cancun, Mexico.
38. Digital twin and asset administration shell concepts and application in the industrial internet and industrie 4.0
39. Characterising the Digital Twin: A systematic literature review10.1016/j.cirpj.2020.02.002 ↗
40. Agrawal, A., Fischer, M., and Singh, V. (2022). Digital Twin: From Concept to Practice. arXiv.10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001034 ↗
41. Barth, L., Ehrat, M., Fuchs, R., and Haarmann, J. (2020, January 19–22). Systematization of Digital Twins: Ontology and Conceptual Framework. Proceedings of the 2020 The 3rd International Conference on Information Science and System, Cambridge, UK.10.1145/3388176.3388209 ↗
42. Chiabert, P., Bouras, A., Noël, F., and Ríos, J. (2018). Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2 ↗
43. Development capabilities for smart products10.1016/j.cirp.2019.05.010 ↗
44. Chiabert, P., Bouras, A., Noël, F., and Ríos, J. (2018). Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2 ↗
45. Meierhofer, J., and West, S. (2019, January 4–7). Service value creation using a digital twin. Proceedings of the Naples Forum on Service, Service Dominant Logic, Network & Systems Theory and Service Science: Integrating Three Perspectives for a New Service Agenda, Ischia, Italy.
46. Mussomeli, A., Parrot, A., Umbenhauer, B., and Warshaw, L. (2022, July 21). Digital Twins Bridging the Physical and Digital. Deloitte Insights. Available online: https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends/2020/digital-twin-applications-bridging-the-physical-and-digital.html.
47. Gartner (2022, October 18). Gartner Identifies Five Emerging Trends That Will Drive Technology Innovation for the Next Decade. Available online: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-08-18-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-trends-that-will-drive-technology-innovation-for-the-next-decade.
48. Doleski, O.D. (2020). Realisierung Utility 4.0 Band 2: Praxis der Digitalen Energiewirtschaft vom Vertrieb bis zu Innovativen Energy Services, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.10.1007/978-3-658-25589-3 ↗
49. Mosch, C., and Billmann, M. (2022, May 06). Nutzerorganisation “Industrial Digital Twin Association“ gegründet-vdma.org-VDMA. Available online: https://www.vdma.org/viewer/-/v2article/render/1379011.
50. MarketsandMarkets (2022, December 30). Digital Twin Market by Enterprise, Application (Predictive Maintenance, and Others), Industry (Aerospace, Automotive & Transportation, Healthcare, Infrastructure, Energy & Utilities) and Geography-Global Forecast to 2027. Available online: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/digital-twin-market-225269522.html?gclid=Cj0KCQiAgaGgBhC8ARIsAAAyLfHmeY1t4GD_6lnH0x3k9CwHwMV3bRyZgwdCHC6s1fjzVlkfCBPz8aMaAkeuEALw_wcB.
51. West, S., Meierhofer, J., and Ganz, C. (2021). Smart Services Summit, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-72090-2 ↗
52. Design science in information systems research10.2307/25148625 ↗
53. System architecture for closed-loop PLM10.1080/09511920701566624 ↗
54. Closed-loop PLM for intelligent products in the era of the Internet of things10.1016/j.cad.2010.03.002 ↗
55. Digital twin-driven product design, manufacturing and service with big data10.1007/s00170-017-0233-1 ↗
56. Hehenberger, P., and Bradley, D. (2016). Mechatronic Futures: Challenges and Solutions for Mechatronic Systems and Their Designers, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-32156-1 ↗
57. Semantic data management for the development and continuous reconfiguration of smart products and systems10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.051 ↗
58. Holler, M., Uebernickel, F., and Brenner, W. (2016, January 10–12). Digital twin concepts in manufacturing industries-a literature review and avenues for further research. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (IJIE), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
59. Barth, L., Ehrat, M., Galeno, G., Holler, M., and Savic, N. (2022, January 4–7). Value Generation in the Product Lifecycle with Digital Twins: Status Quo in Swiss Companies. Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Maui, HI, USA.10.24251/HICSS.2022.551 ↗
60. Enabling technologies and tools for digital twin10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.10.001 ↗
61. Farsi, M., Daneshkhah, A., Hosseinian-Far, A., and Jahankhani, H. (2020). Digital Twin Technologies and Smart Cities, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-18732-3 ↗
62. Keiper, W., Milde, A., and Volkwein, S. (2018). Reduced-Order Modeling (ROM) for Simulation and Optimization: Powerful Algorithms as Key Enablers for Scientific Computing, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-75319-5 ↗
63. Wagner, C., Grothoff, J., Epple, U., Drath, R., Malakuti, S., Grüner, S., Hoffmeister, M., and Zimermann, P. (2017, January 12–15). The role of the Industry 4.0 asset administration shell and the digital twin during the life cycle of a plant. Proceedings of the 2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Limassol, Cyprus.10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247583 ↗
64. From Raw Data to Smart Manufacturing: AI and Semantic Web of Things for Industry 4.010.1109/MIS.2018.043741325 ↗
65. Interpretation of cyber-physical systems whitepaper (2017)
66. Service Innovation and Smart Analytics for Industry 4.0 and Big Data Environment10.1016/j.procir.2014.02.001 ↗
67. Canedo, A. (2016, January 1–7). Industrial IoT Lifecycle via Digital Twins. Proceedings of the Eleventh IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.10.1145/2968456.2974007 ↗
68. The digital twin implementation for linking the virtual representation of human-based production tasks to their physical counterpart in the factory-floor10.1080/0951192X.2018.1529430 ↗
69. Madni, A.M., Madni, C.C., and Lucero, S.D. (2019). Leveraging Digital Twin Technology in Model-Based Systems Engineering. Systems, 7.10.3390/systems7010007 ↗
70. IoT powered servitization of manufacturing—An exploratory case study10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.02.016 ↗
71. About The Importance of Autonomy and Digital Twins for the Future of Manufacturing10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.141 ↗
72. An open source approach to the design and implementation of Digital Twins for Smart Manufacturing10.1080/0951192X.2019.1599436 ↗
73. Accessing servitisation potential of PLM data by applying the product avatar concept10.1080/09537287.2015.1033494 ↗
74. Cuesta, C.E., Garlan, D., and Pérez, J. (2018). Software Architecture, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-030-00761-4 ↗
75. Fuchs, R., and Barth, L. (2018). Emotionalisierung im Digitalen Marketing: Erfolgreiche Methoden für die Marketingpraxis, Haufe Service Center GmbH.
76. Ubiquitous knowledge empowers the Smart Factory: The impacts of a Service-oriented Digital Twin on enterprises’ performance10.1016/j.arcontrol.2019.01.001 ↗
77. Digital twin-driven cyber-physical production system towards smart shop-floor10.1007/s12652-018-1125-4 ↗
78. Nakajima, S. (1988). Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance, Productivity Press.
79. Leflar, J. TPM at Hewlett-Packard. Proceedings of the 10th Total Productive Maintenance Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
80. Bange, U.K. (2022, April 03). Overall Service Effectiveness—Eine Adaption des OEE-Modells auf die Digitalisierung von After-Sales/Service. Available online: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/overall-service-effectiveness-eine-adaption-des-auf-udo-k-bange.
81. Novikov, D.A. (2015). Cybernetics: From Past to Future, Springer.
82. Digital twin-driven product design framework10.1080/00207543.2018.1443229 ↗
83. Tharma, R., Winter, R., and Eigner, M. (2018, January 21–24). An approach for the implementation of the digital twin in the automotive wiring harness field. Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference (DS 92), Dubrovnik, Croatia.10.21278/idc.2018.0188 ↗
84. Development and operation of Digital Twins for technical systems and services10.1016/j.cirp.2019.04.024 ↗
85. Baines, T., and Lightfoot, H. (2013). Made to Serve: How Manufacturers Can Compete through Servitization and Product Service Systems, John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/9781119207955 ↗
86. Servitization of business: Adding value by adding services10.1016/0263-2373(88)90033-3 ↗
87. Untangling the Digital Thread: The Challenge and Promise of Model-Based Engineering in Defense Acquisition10.1002/inst.12022 ↗
88. Product lifecycle management-from its history to its new role10.1504/IJPLM.2010.036489 ↗
89. On the Effects of Modeling As-Manufactured Geometry: Toward Digital Twin10.1155/2014/439278 ↗
90. Toward a Digital Twin for real-time geometry assurance in individualized production10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.038 ↗
91. Meierhofer, J., Schweiger, L., and Schreuder, L. (2021). Smart Services Summit, Springer.
92. Meierhofer, J., Schweiger, L., Lu, J., Züst, S., West, S., Stoll, O., and Kiritsis, D. (2021). Digital twin-enabled decision support services in industrial ecosystems. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app112311418 ↗
93. Schweiger, L., Benedech, R.A., and Meierhofer, J. (2022, January 2–15). Development approach for value-creating service process twins based on service design methods. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), Falerna, Italy.10.1109/DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/Cy55231.2022.9928003 ↗
94. West, S., Stoll, O., and Mueller-Csernetzky, P. (2022). A Handbook for Smart Service Design The Design of Smart Services in a World of People, Process and Things, Hochschule Luzern Technik & Architektur.