Thermodynamic analysis of equilibria in Fe-Cr-C alloys and evaluation of their dusting stability in aggressive carboniferous atmospheres
Source abstract
Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations and reactions in Fe-Cr-C alloys is carried out with allowance made for all possible states, both stable and metastable, in the temperature range of metal dusting in aggressive carboniferous atmospheres. The results are compared with data on the corrosion resistance of chromium steel pipes under oil refining conditions. It is shown that, at high temperatures, one of the equilibrium phases in this system is the cementite solid solution (Fe1-y Cry)3C. Below ∼930 K, this phase becomes unstable to the decomposition into mixtures containing other carbides, but the tendency for chromium to stabilize cementite persists. The metal dusting mechanism changes in the composition range 0.03 ≤ y ≤ 0.055 (2.8–5.1 wt % Cr). This conclusion is supported by the results of tests on chromium steel (15Kh5M and 15Kh2M1) pipes under oil refining conditions, which indicate that the introduction of chromium into Fe alloys can only inhibit the degradation of Fe-Cr-C alloys under metal dusting conditions, without fully preventing it.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms · Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (15)
Show source-provided references
1. Muller-Lorenz, E.M. and Grabke, H.J., Cocking by Metal Dusting of Steels, Mater. Corros., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 614–621.10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199911)50:11<614::AID-MACO614>3.0.CO;2-N ↗
2. Grabke, H.J., Metal Dusting of Low-and High-Alloys Steels, Corrosion (Houston), 1995, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 711–720.10.5006/1.3293634 ↗
3. Zaitsev, A.I., Metal Dusting in Aggressive Carboniferous Atmospheres, Stal’, 2001, no. 12, pp. 60–64.
4. Hoyt, W.B. and Caugher, R.H., High Temperature Metal Deterioration in Atmospheres Containing Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen, Corrosion (Houston), 1959, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 620t–627t.
5. Lefrancois, P.A. and Hoyt, W.B., Chemical Thermodynamics of High Temperature Reaction in Metal Dusting Conditions, Corrosion (Houston), 1963, vol. 19, pp. 360t–368t.10.5006/0010-9312-19.10.360 ↗
6. Grabke, H.J., Damage to Materials by Metal Dusting in Process Technology, Hochtemperaturkorros. Prozesstech., Korrosionsschutsemin, Dusseldorf: Max Planck Institute for Iron Research, 1998, pp. 2/1–2/11.
7. Mogutnov, B.M., Tomilin, I.A., and Shvartsman, L.A., Termodinamika zhelezo-uglerodistykh splavov (Thermodynamics of Fe-C Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1972.
8. Sundman, B. and Agren, J., A Regular Solution Model for Phases with Several Components and Sublattices, Suitable for Computer Applications, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1981, vol. 42, pp. 297–301.10.1016/0022-3697(81)90144-X ↗
9. Hillert, M. and Jarl, M., A Model for Alloying Effects in Ferromagnetic Metals, CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1978, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 227–238.10.1016/0364-5916(78)90011-1 ↗
10. Andersson, J.-O., A Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Fe-Cr-C System, Metall. Trans. A, 1988, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 627–636.10.1007/BF02649276 ↗
11. Lee, B.-J., On the Stability of the Cr-Carbides, CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1992, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 121–149.10.1016/0364-5916(92)90002-F ↗
12. Kazakovtseva, V.A. and Usikov, M.P., Structure of Low-Temper Martensite in Alloy Steels, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1979, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 358–366.
13. Kazakovtseva, V.A. and Usikov, M.P., Structure of Vanadium and Molybdenum Steels during Formation of Special Carbides, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1982, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 764–772.
14. Kazakovtseva, V.A. and Usikov, M.P., In Situ Electron-Microscopic Study of Carbide Formation in Chromium Steel, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1982, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 533–541.
15. Grujicic, M. and Haidemenopoulos, G.N., A Treatment of Paraequilibrium Thermodynamics in AF1410 Steel Using the Thermocalc Software and Database, CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1988, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 219–224.10.1016/0364-5916(88)90002-8 ↗