User-Centered Design as a Method for Engaging Users in the Development of Geovisualization: A Use Case of Temperature Visualization
Source abstract
Abstract
Visualization of geographic data is part of many widely used solutions that aim to communicate the information to the end user. Effective visualizations are those that are tailored to a specific group of users and their tasks, as well as to specific properties of the data. Usability is a key concept for such solutions, and the most effective way to achieve high usability is to incorporate user-centered design (UCD) into the development process. In visualization, data are often coded by colors, so the choice of color schemes and color range is critical to enable the reverse mapping of colors to data. In this paper, we present a method for integrating the principles of UCD into the development process. In doing so, we use a case involving the selection of the most appropriate color scheme and associated parameters for representing temperature values on geographic maps. The method described is suitable for use in UCD-based research related to the visualization of various types of data and is useful for researchers and developers of geovisualizations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Data Visualization and Analytics · Geographic Information Systems Studies · Species Distribution and Climate Change
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
Ericsson Nikola Tesla d.d., Poljicka Cesta 39, 21000 Split, Croatia
References (60)
Show source-provided references
1. Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications10.1109/COMST.2015.2444095 ↗
2. Davis, B.E. (2001). GIS: A Visual Approach, Onword Press/Cengage Learning. [2nd ed.].
3. O’Sullivan, D., and Unwin, D.J. (2010). Geographic Information Analysis and Spatial Data. Geographic Information Analysis, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.].10.1002/9780470549094 ↗
4. Webster, R., and Oliver, M.A. (2007). Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed].10.1002/9780470517277 ↗
5. Montello, D.R. (2018). Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography, Department of Geography, University of California.10.4337/9781784717544 ↗
6. Modeling Color Difference for Visualization Design10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744359 ↗
7. (2022, July 01). ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction—Part 210: Human-Centred Design for Interactive Systems. Available online: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9241:-210:ed-2:v1:en.
8. Roose, M., Nylén, T., Tolvanen, H., and Vesakoski, O. (2021). User-Centred Design of Multidisciplinary Spatial Data Platforms for Human-History Research. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.10.3390/ijgi10070467 ↗
9. Lugnet, J., Ericson, Å., and Larsson, A. (2021). Realization of Agile Methods in Established Processes: Challenges and Barriers. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11052043 ↗
10. User-centered Design and Evaluation of a Geovisualization Application Leveraging Aggregated Quantified-Self Data
11. Lloyd, D., Dykes, J., and Radburn, R. (2007, January 11–13). Understanding geovisualization users and their requirements: A user-centred approach. Proceedings of the Geographical Information Science Research UK Conference (GISRUK 2007), Maynooth, Ireland.
12. Norman, D.A., and Draper, S.W. (1986). Cognitive Engineering. User-Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.10.1201/b15703 ↗
13. (2022, July 01). ISO 9241-11:2018 Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction—Part 11: Usability: Definitions and Concepts. Available online: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9241:-11:ed-2:v1:en.
14. Liberman-Pincu, E., and Bitan, Y. (2021). FULE—Functionality, Usability, Look-and-Feel and Evaluation Novel User-Centered Product Design Methodology—Illustrated in the Case of an Autonomous Medical Device. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11030985 ↗
15. Understanding user preferences based on usability and aesthetics before and after actual use10.1016/j.intcom.2010.05.002 ↗
16. User-Centred Design in Content Management System Development: The Case of EMasters10.3991/ijim.v13i08.10727 ↗
17. Preece, J., Rogers, Y., and Sharp, H. (2015). Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, John Wiley & Sons. [4th ed.].
18. Shneiderman, B., Plaisant, C., Cohen, M., Jacobs, S., Elmqvist, N., and Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, Pearson. [6th ed.].
19. Hu, K., Gui, Z., Cheng, X., Wu, H., and McClure, S.C. (2019). The Concept and Technologies of Quality of Geographic Information Service: Improving User Experience of GIServices in a Distributed Computing Environment. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 8.10.3390/ijgi8030118 ↗
20. An Extension Mechanism to Verify, Constrain and Enhance Geoprocessing Workflows Invocation10.1111/tgis.12152 ↗
21. (2022, August 22). Google Maps. Available online: https://map.google.com.
22. (2022, August 22). ArcGIS. Available online: https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-online/overview.
23. (2022, August 22). Data.gov, Available online: https://www.data.gov.
24. (2022, August 22). OpenStreetMap. Available online: https://www.openstreetmap.org.
25. (2022, August 22). Accuweather. Available online: https://www.accuweather.com.
26. (2022, August 22). DHMZ. Available online: https://meteo.hr/index_en.php.
27. Survey on geographic visual display techniques in epidemiology: Taxonomy and characterization
28. Visualization in Meteorology—A Survey of Techniques and Tools for Data Analysis Tasks10.1109/TVCG.2017.2779501 ↗
29. Visually Comparing Weather Features in Forecasts10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467754 ↗
30. Bebis, G., Boyle, R., Parvin, B., Koracin, D., Kuno, Y., Wang, J., Pajarola, R., Lindstrom, P., Hinkenjann, A., and Encarnação, M.L. (2009). Diverging Color Maps for Scientific Visualization. Advances in Visual Computing, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium, ISVC 2009, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 30 November–2 December 2009, Springer. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5876.10.1007/978-3-642-10520-3 ↗
31. ColorBrewer.org: An Online Tool for Selecting Colour Schemes for Maps10.1179/000870403235002042 ↗
32. Karim, R.M., Kwon, O.-H., Park, C., and Lee, K. (2019). A Study of Colormaps in Network Visualization. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9204228 ↗
33. Reda, K., Nalawade, P., and Ansah-Koi, K. (2018, January 21–26). Graphical Perception of Continuous Quantitative Maps: The Effects of Spatial Frequency and Colormap Design. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, QC, Canada. Paper No. 272.10.1145/3173574.3173846 ↗
34. Identification and formalization of knowledge for coloring qualitative geospatial data10.1002/col.22183 ↗
35. Improvement suggestions for problems of hazard map from the viewpoint of color scheme10.5194/ica-proc-2-25-2019 ↗
36. Basic mapping principles for visualizing cancer data using geographic information systems (GIS)10.1016/j.amepre.2005.09.007 ↗
37. Interpolation methods for spatio-temporal geographic data10.1016/S0198-9715(03)00018-8 ↗
38. Spatio-temporal interpolation: Current Practices and Future Prospects
39. Li, L., Losser, T., Yorke, C., and Piltner, R. (2014). Fast Inverse Distance Weighting-Based Spatiotemporal Interpolation: A Web-Based Application of Interpolating Daily Fine Particulate Matter PM2.5 in the Contiguous U.S. Using Parallel Programming and k-d Tree. Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 11.10.3390/ijerph110909101 ↗
40. Aplication of IDW and RBF methods to develop models of temperature distribution within a spoil tip located in Wojkowice, Poland10.2478/environ-2018-0005 ↗
41. Losser, T., Li, L., and Piltner, R. (2014, January 4–6). A spatiotemporal interpolation method using radial basis functions for geospatiotemporal big data. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Application, Washington, DC, USA.10.1109/COM.Geo.2014.15 ↗
42. (2022, July 01). ISO 19170-1:2021 Geographic Information—Discrete Global Grid Systems Specifications—Part 1: Core Reference System and Operations, and Equal Area Earth Reference System. Available online: https://www.iso.org/standard/32588.html.
43. (2022, August 22). ColorBrewer. Available online: http://colorbrewer2.org.
44. (2022, March 01). The R Graph Gallery. Available online: https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/38-rcolorbrewers-palettes/.
45. Cognitive fatigue defined in the context of attention networks10.1080/13825585.2010.517826 ↗
46. (2022, July 01). ColorBlindness: Ishihara Color Test. Available online: https://www.colour-blindness.com/colour-blindness-tests/ishihara-colour-test-plates/.
47. (2022, March 01). geosptdb: Spatio-Temporal; Inverse Distance Weighting and Radial Basis Functions with Distance-Based Regression. Available online: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=geosptdb.
48. (2022, March 01). RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer Palettes. Available online: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer.
49. (2022, March 01). Leaflet: Create Interactive Web Maps with the JavaScript ‘Leaflet’ Library. Available online: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer.
50. Modern Robust Statistical Methods: An Easy Way to Maximize the Accuracy and Power of Your Research10.1037/0003-066X.63.7.591 ↗
51. GFD: An R package for the analysis of general factorial designs10.18637/jss.v079.c01 ↗
52. Nonparametric methods in factorial designs10.1007/s003620000039 ↗
53. Box-type approximations in nonparametric factorial designs10.1080/01621459.1997.10473671 ↗
54. Multiple comparisons using rank sums10.1080/00401706.1964.10490181 ↗
55. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge. [2nd ed.].
56. Liu, Y., and Heer, J. (2018, January 21–26). Somewhere Over the Rainbow: An Empirical Assessment of Quantitative Colormaps. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems—CHI’18, Montreal, QC, Canada.10.1145/3173574.3174172 ↗
57. Mapping Color to Meaning in Colormap Data Visualizations10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865147 ↗
58. Kalantari, M., Syahrudin, S., Rajabifard, A., Subagyo, H., and Hubbard, H. (2020). Spatial Metadata Usability Evaluation. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.10.3390/ijgi9070463 ↗
59. On power and sample size of the ANOVA-type rank test10.1080/03610918.2015.1082585 ↗
60. Rank-based analyses of linear models using R10.18637/jss.v014.i07 ↗