journal article·2019-11-25Open access

Combined Fusion Rules in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Different Threshold Strategies

Faroq Awin, Noor Salout, Esam Abdel-Raheem

Applied Sciences· Volume 9· Issue 23

Abstract

Compromising the performance and overhead is a crucial factor in designing cognitive radio networks (CRNs). One way to achieve this goal is to combine different fusion rules for a CRN with multiple clusters of cognitive radios (CRs). This paper proposes a new adaptive combination algorithm to balance between detection performance of a CRN and its reporting overhead through combining different fusion rules over the CRN. Initially, the paper describes how to combine hard decision, i.e., one-bit, and soften-hard decision, i.e., two-bit, fusion rules over a CRN with multiple clusters of CRs using different strategies. Simple combination and modified combination strategies, to consider a trade off between performance improvement and incurred reporting overhead, are considered. The paper adopts different threshold strategies to implement the proposed combinations. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are examined under the Rayleigh fading channel model and simulated to investigate their detection performance and to compare their detection performance with existing works. The simulation results show that the adaptive threshold strategy outperforms the two proposed fixed threshold strategies and conventional fusion schemes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing · Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms · Radar Systems and Signal Processing

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13555, Libya

References (28)

Show source-provided references
1. NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey10.1016/j.comnet.2006.05.001 ↗
2. Joint optimal transmission power and sensing time for energy efficient spectrum sensing in cognitive radio system10.1109/JSEN.2016.2627884 ↗
3. Blind spectrum sensing approaches for interweaved cognitive radio system: A tutorial and short course10.1109/COMST.2018.2863681 ↗
4. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey10.1016/j.phycom.2010.12.003 ↗
5. Towards energy-efficient cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks: An overview10.1007/s11235-014-9887-2 ↗
6. Wang, L., Wang, J., Ding, G., Song, F., and Wu, Q. (2011, January 26–30). A survey of cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2011 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference, Harbin, China.
7. Althunibat, S., Di Renzo, M., and Granelli, F. (2013, January 9–13). Optimizing the K-out-of-N rule for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Atlanta, GA, USA.10.1109/GLOCOM.2013.6831303 ↗
8. Designing an optimal energy efficient cluster-based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2585126 ↗
9. Performance optimisation of soft and hard spectrum sensing schemes in cognitive radio10.1109/LCOMM.2012.050912.112640 ↗
10. Optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing with energy detection in cognitive radio networks10.1109/TWC.2009.12.081710 ↗
11. Awin, F., Abdel-Raheem, E., and Ahmadi, M. (2015, January 7–10). Novel energy efficient strategies for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), Abu Dhabi, UAE.10.1109/ISSPIT.2015.7394325 ↗
12. Wei, D., Feng, C., and Guo, C. (2010, January 11–14). A sensing time saving cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 12th International Conference on Communication Technology, Nanjing, China.
13. Bai, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, H., and Kwak, K. (2010, January 17–19). Cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio under bandwidth constraints. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore.10.1109/ICCS.2010.5686707 ↗
14. Xia, W., Wang, S., Liu, W., and Chen, W. (2009, January 24–26). Cluster-based energy efficient cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radios. Proceedings of the 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Beijing, China.10.1109/WICOM.2009.5301709 ↗
15. Optimization of multi-level hierarchical cluster-based spectrum sensing structure in cognitive radio networks10.1016/j.dsp.2014.09.012 ↗
16. Salout, N., Awin, F., Abdel-Raheem, E., and Tepe, K. (2018, January 6–8). Combined fusion schemes for cluster-based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), Louisville, KY, USA.10.1109/ISSPIT.2018.8642694 ↗
17. Salout, N., Awin, F., Alqawasmeh, A.F., and Abdel-Raheem, E. (May, January 30). Hierarchical cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio employing soft-hard combination. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 30th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), Windsor, ON, Canada.10.1109/CCECE.2017.7946839 ↗
18. Mi, Y., Lu, G., Li, Y., and Bao, Z. (2019). A novel semi-soft decision scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19112522 ↗
19. A soft-hard combination-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio networks10.3390/s150204388 ↗
20. Fu, Y., Yang, F., and He, Z. (2018). A quantization-based multibit data fusion scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18020473 ↗
21. Non-uniform quantized data fusion rule for data rate saving and reducing control channel overhead for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks10.1007/s11277-018-6054-1 ↗
22. Simon, M.K., and Alouini, M.S. (2005). Digital Communication over Fading Channels, John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/0471715220 ↗
23. Technical Issues on Cognitive Radio-Based Internet of Things Systems: A Survey10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2929915 ↗
24. Soft combination and detection for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks10.1109/T-WC.2008.070941 ↗
25. Dynamic dual threshold cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio under noise power uncertainty10.1186/s13673-019-0181-x ↗
26. Energy-efficient cooperative spectrum sensing by optimal scheduling in sensor-aided cognitive radio networks10.1109/TVT.2011.2179323 ↗
27. Peh, E., and Liang, Y.C. (2007, January 11–15). Optimization for cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Hong Kong, China.10.1109/WCNC.2007.11 ↗
28. Khalid, L., and Anpalagan, A. (2011, January 11–14). A weighted fusion scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing based on past decisions. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Toronto, ON, Canada.10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139981 ↗