Experimental Research of the Structure Condition Using Geodetic Methods and Crackmeter
Source abstract
Abstract
The article presents an approach to monitoring the structure’s condition with two measurement methods: the SHM-X crackmeter and the classic geodetic method of determining displacements, supplemented with additional information on the condition of the external environment obtained from thermal images. The study aimed to propose an approach combining geodetic and non-geodetic methods of assessing the condition of a structure and its effectiveness in practical application. The research facility is a public utility building of the Bydgoszcz University of Technology with a reinforced concrete structure. Objects of this type require periodic tests of their constancy. Interpreting the test results and identifying possible dangerous states that may indicate the risk of a construction failure is extremely important. The results presented in the article are an extension of the previous ones, in which several factors that could have a destructive effect on the structure were excluded. Observation of the object showed that only the reinforced construction plate is deformed. The only factor influencing the change in structure geometry is thermal changes. As part of the tests in places where cracks were noticed, the SHM-X crackmeter was used to measure the cracks’ opening. In the geodetic research, measurements of the measurement and control network displacement were carried out, in which the TDRA6000 laser station measurement technology was used. The control points were also placed in places where the width of the cracks was directly observed. The proposed approach, with the applied calculation scheme and supplementing the information with the temperature measurement with thermal images, showed the submillimeter accuracy of the determined 3D displacements of the controlled points. Additionally, the parallel application of these methods gives a complete picture of changes in the structure elements, in which signs of destruction appear under the influence of stress.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques · Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques · 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
Department of Civil Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
Department of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
Funding
Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange
References (68)
Show source-provided references
1. Discrete element analysis of gothic masonry vaults for self-weight and horizontal support displacement10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.014 ↗
2. Błaszczak-Bąk, W., Suchocki, C., Janicka, J., Dumalski, A., Duchnowski, R., and Sobieraj-Żłobińska, A. (2020). Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.10.3390/ijgi9020123 ↗
3. Nowogońska, B., and Nowogoński, I. (2022). Method of Planning Repairs of the Installation including Building Waste. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12094520 ↗
4. Catbas, F.N., Kijewski-Korea, T., and Aktan, A.E. (2013). Structural Identification of Constructed Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers.10.1061/9780784411971 ↗
5. Karbhari, V.M., and Ansari, F. (2009). Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Systems, Woodhead Publishing.10.1533/9781845696825 ↗
6. Kadaj, R. (1998). Modele, Metody i Algorytmy Obliczeniowe Sieci Kinematycznych w Geodezyjnych Pomiarach Przemieszczeń i Odkształceń Obiektów, Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej.
7. Applying of geodetic methods for monitoring the effects of waste-slide at Lviv municipal solid waste landfill
8. Methods of Measuring and Mapping of Landslide Areas10.1088/1755-1315/95/2/022013 ↗
9. Automatic subway tunnel displacement monitoring using robotic total station10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107251 ↗
10. Accelerated cable-stayed bridge construction using terrestrial laser scanning10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103269 ↗
11. Multi-sensors measuring system for geodetic monitoring of elevator guide rails10.1016/j.measurement.2018.07.077 ↗
12. The network structure evolutionary optimization to geodetic monitoring in the aspect of information entropy10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109369 ↗
13. Geodetic measurements to control a large research infrastructure: The Virgo detector at the European Gravitational Observatory10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107154 ↗
14. Geodetic Monitoring of Deformation of Building Surrounding an Underground Construction10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.061 ↗
15. Test of vibrations influence on the measurement accuracy in the precise digital leveller Trimble Dini 03 and comparison of its vibration sensitivity with leveller NI 002
16. Przyborski, M., Pyrchla, J., Pyrchla, K., and Szulwic, J. (2019). Microgal gravity measurements with mgs-6 micro-g lacoste gravimeter. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19112592 ↗
17. Dynamic displacements from high-rate GNSS: Error modeling and vibration detection10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107655 ↗
18. Application and analysis of geodetic protocols for monitoring subsidence phenomena along on-shore hydrocarbon reservoirs
19. Concrete surface evaluation based on the reflected T.L.S. laser beam’s intensity image classification10.2478/sgem-2018-0008 ↗
20. The use of T.L.S. and UAV methods for measurement of the repose angle of granular materials in terrain conditions10.1016/j.measurement.2019.07.015 ↗
21. Skrzypczak, I., Oleniacz, G., Leśniak, A., Zima, K., Mrówczyńska, M., and Kazak, J.K. (2022). Scan-to-BIM method in construction: Assessment of the 3D buildings model accuracy in terms inventory measurements. Build. Res. Inf., 2011703.10.1080/09613218.2021.2011703 ↗
22. Juszczyk, M., and Leśniak, A. (2019). Modelling Construction Site Cost Index Based on Neural Network Ensembles. Symmetry, 11.10.3390/sym11030411 ↗
23. Monitoring of horizontal displacements and changes of the riverine area of the Dniester River10.24425/jwld.2021.137091 ↗
24. Evolutionary learning based sustainable strain sensing model for structural health monitoring of high-rise buildings10.1016/j.asoc.2017.05.029 ↗
25. An efficient artificial neural network for damage detection in bridges and beam-like structures by improving training parameters using cuckoo search algorithm10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109637 ↗
26. DRLSTM: A dual-stage deep learning approach driven by raw monitoring data for dam displacement prediction10.1016/j.aei.2021.101510 ↗
27. Deep learning of G.P.S. geodetic velocity
28. Wojcik, G.J., and Lakanen, S.A. (2002, January 11–14). Laser Tracker, a handy tool for metrology and alignment. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshops on Accelerator Alignment, Mikazuki, Japan.
29. Evaluation of image-based modeling and laser scanning accuracy for emerging automated performance monitoring techniques10.1016/j.autcon.2011.04.016 ↗
30. Proposition of determination of displacements using the TDRA 6000 laser station10.1051/e3sconf/20185500011 ↗
31. Sizing a geodetic network for risk-oriented monitoring of surface deformations induced by CO2 injection: Experience feedback with InSAR data collected at In-Salah, Algeria10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.09.011 ↗
32. An analytical calculation method for displacement and force on continuous welded rails in temperature-transition zone10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.120 ↗
33. Measurement and control method of clearance between wind turbine tower and blade-tip based on millimeter-wave radar sensor10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107319 ↗
34. The Comparison of Measuring and Computing Results of Construction Vertical Displacement10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.802 ↗
35. Gb-SAR interferometry displacement measurements during dewatering in construction works. Case of La Sagrera railway station in Barcelona, Spain10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.02.014 ↗
36. Kot, P., Muradov, M., Gkantou, M., Kamaris, G.S., Hashim, K., and Yeboah, D. (2021). Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11062750 ↗
37. Teng, K.H., Kot, P., Muradov, M., Shaw, A., Hashim, K., Gkantou, M., and Al-Shamma’a, A. (2019). Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19030547 ↗
38. Ren, J. (2021). Chapter 17 How can sensors be used for sustainability improvement?. Methods in Sustainability Science, Elsevier.
39. A non-destructive electromagnetic sensing technique to determine chloride level in maritime concrete10.33640/2405-609X.2408 ↗
40. Naprawa rys i wzmocnienia murowanych ścian. Cz. 1. Prace poprzedzające naprawę i przemurowanie
41. Supporting historical structures technical condition assessment by monitoring of selected physical quantities10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.520 ↗
42. Non-uniform temperature field and effect on construction of large-span steel structures10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103339 ↗
43. Geometry control of special-shaped arch pylon considering seasonal temperature changes during construction10.1016/j.istruc.2021.12.022 ↗
44. Thermal deformation coordination analysis of CC-RCC combined dam structure during construction and operation periods10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110587 ↗
45. Non-uniform temperature field and effects of large-span spatial truss structure under construction: Field monitoring and numerical analysis10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.014 ↗
46. Structural health monitoring data collected during construction of a mass-timber building with a data platform for analysis10.1016/j.dib.2021.106845 ↗
47. Vision-based high-precision intelligent monitoring for shield tail clearance10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104088 ↗
48. A web application for analysis of heat transfer through building walls and calculation of optimal insulation thickness10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.055 ↗
49. Life estimation of distribution transformers using thermography: A case study10.1016/j.measurement.2019.106994 ↗
50. Thermovision measurements of rolling bearings
51. Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing10.3390/s140712305 ↗
52. Kaliskiego, S. (1999). Projekt budowlano-wykonawczy. Budynek audytoryjny kompleksu obiektów ATR w Fordonie, Biuro Projektowo-Badawcze Budownictwa Ogólnego Miastoprojekt-Bydgoszcz. (In Polish).
53. Zawalski, A. (2016). Ekspertyza ustalająca przyczyny uszkodzeń budynku Auditorium Novum (wraz z łącznikiem) i osiadań terenu przy al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7 w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz University of Technology. Internal Expertise.
54. Kumor, M.K. (2016). Iły ekspansywne podłoża budowlanego Bydgoszczy, Wydawnictwa Uczelniane UTP w Bydgoszczy.
55. Przystański, J. (1991). Posadowienie budowli na gruntach ekspansywnych, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej. Rozprawy nr 244.
56. Monitoring przemieszczeń pionowych słupów obiektu posadowionego na podłożu ekspansywnym
57. The displacement of structures founded on expansive soils-unapparent causes10.1051/e3sconf/20184500098 ↗
58. Burge, J.H., Su, P., Zhao, C., and Zobrist, T. (2007, January 26–30). Use of a commercial laser tracker for optical alignment. Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing. Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, San Diego, CA, USA.10.1117/12.736705 ↗
59. (2022, May 31). Hexagon_MI_Leica_TDRA6000_Brochure_EN.pdf. Available online: https://www.hexagonmi.com.
60. Processing TLS heterogeneous data by applying robust Msplit estimation10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111298 ↗
61. Wiśniewski, Z. (2016). Rachunek wyrównawczy w geodezji, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie.
62. Deformation Analysis of Geodetic Networks by Applying Msplit Estimation with Conditions Binding the Competitive Parameters10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000271 ↗
63. Structural damage detection of elevated circular water tank and its supporting system using geodetic techniques
64. (2022, January 21). SHM-X-Rysomierz.pdf. Available online: https://www.shmsystem.pl/.
65. (2022, January 21). Pomiar-ekspercki-v5.4.xlsx. Available online: https://www.shmsystem.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Pomiar-ekspercki-v5.4.xlsx.
66. Dybeł, K., and Kampczyk, A. (2022). Interaction of Colours and Temperatures in Rail Transportation Engineering. Proceedings of VIAC 2022 in Budapest, Czech Institute of Academic Education. Chapter: IAC202202005.
67. Validation of a Corner Reflector installation at Côte d’Azur multi-technique geodetic Observatory10.1016/j.asr.2022.04.050 ↗
68. Transient hydrology-induced elastic deformation and land subsidence in Australia constrained by contemporary geodetic measurements10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117556 ↗