journal article·2021-11-03Open access

The EU-SENSE System for Chemical Hazards Detection, Identification, and Monitoring

Małgorzata Gawlik-Kobylińska, Grzegorz Gudzbeler, Łukasz Szklarski, Norbert Kopp, Helge Koch-Eschweiler, Mariusz Urban

Applied Sciences· Volume 11· Issue 21

Abstract

Chemical reconnaissance, defined as hazards detection, identification, and monitoring, requires tools and solutions which provide reliable and precise data. In this field, the advances of artificial intelligence can be applied. This article aims to propose a novel approach for developing a chemical reconnaissance system that relies on machine learning, modelling algorithms, as well as the contaminant dispersion model to combine signals from different sensors and reduce false alarm rates. A case study of the European Union Horizon 2020 project–EU-SENSE is used and the main features of the system are analysed: heterogeneous sensor nodes components, chemical agents to be detected, and system architecture design. Through the proposed approach, chemical reconnaissance capabilities are improved, resulting in more effective crisis management. The idea for the system design can be used and developed in other areas, namely, in biological or radiological threat reconnaissance.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies · Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting · Fault Detection and Control Systems

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland

Faculty of Command and Management, War Studies University, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland

ITTI, 61-612 Poznań, Poland

Technisch-Mathematische Studiengesellschaft mbH (tms), 53229 Bonn, Germany

Funding

European Union

References (64)

Show source-provided references
1. European Commission (2021). Commission staff Working Document. Overview of Natural and Man-Made Disaster Risks the European Union May Face, European Commission.
2. Sun, Y., Qian, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Lv, Q., and Yuan, M. (2021). Identification of Typical Solid Hazardous Chemicals Based on Hyperspectral Imaging. Remote. Sens., 13.10.3390/rs13132608 ↗
3. Hazardous Chemical Emergencies and Poisonings10.1056/NEJMra1504690 ↗
4. Li, X., Liu, T., and Liu, Y. (2019). Cause Analysis of Unsafe Behaviors in Hazardous Chemical Accidents: Combined with HFACs and Bayesian Network. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.10.3390/ijerph17010011 ↗
5. Gocić, M., Aronica, G.T., Stavroulakis, G.E., and Trajković, S. (2020). Natural Disasters in Industrial Areas. Natural Risk Management and Engineering: NatRisk Project, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-39391-5 ↗
6. Brooker, C. (2008). Churchill Livingstone Medical Dictionary E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences.
7. Steinhausler, F., Steinhäusler, F., and Edwards, F. (2005). NATO and Terrorism Catastrophic Terrorism and First Responders: Threats and Mitigation, Springer Science & Business Media.10.1007/1-4020-3585-3 ↗
8. Chemical warfare agents10.4103/0975-7406.68498 ↗
9. (2021, October 01). NYC Health, Toxic Industrial Chemicals. City of New York: N.d., Available online: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/emergency-preparedness/emergencies-chemical-toxic-industrial-chemicals.page.
10. Vaseashta, A., and Khudaverdyan, S. (2013). NATO Science for Peace and Security Studies Series—B: Physics and Biophysics. Advanced Sensors for Safety and Security, Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-7003-4 ↗
11. Hua, M.Z., Li, S., Wang, S., and Lu, X. (2018). Detecting chemical hazards in foods using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μpads): The real-world application. Micromachines, 9.10.3390/mi9010032 ↗
12. A novel headspace sampler for field detection of chemical warfare agents and simulants connected to a commercial ion mobility detector10.1007/s12127-016-0188-1 ↗
13. Mesilaakso, M.E. (2005). Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis: Sample Collection, Preparation and Analytical Methods, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.10.1002/0470012285 ↗
14. Martellini, M., and Trapp, R. (2020). 21st Century Prometheus: Managing CBRN Safety and Security Affected by Cutting-Edge Technologies, Springer Nature.10.1007/978-3-030-28285-1 ↗
15. Emerging Technologies and the Future of CBRN Terrorism10.1080/0163660X.2020.1770969 ↗
16. Reding, D.F., and Eaton, J. (2020). Science & Technology Trends 2020–2040. Exploring the S&T Edge, NATO Science & Technology Organization.
17. European Commission (2020). Communication from the Commission on the EU Security Union Strategy, European Commission.
18. Sun, Y., and Ong, K.Y. (2004). Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors, CRC Press.10.1201/9780203485705 ↗
19. Spencer, R.C. (1999). Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response, The National Academies Press.
20. Current applications and perspectives of ion mobility spectrometry to answer chemical food safety issues10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.006 ↗
21. Bijak, M. (2018). Detection of chemical contaminants. CBRN. Security Manager Handbook, University of Łódź.
22. AFM-IR: Technology and Applications in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00448 ↗
23. Mujahid, A., and Dickert, F.L. (2017). Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) for Chemical Sensing Applications of Recognition Layers. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17122716 ↗
24. Surface acoustic wave devices for chemical sensing and microfluidics: A review and perspective10.1039/C7AY00690J ↗
25. Colorimetric Sensor Arrays for the Detection and Identification of Chemical Weapons and Explosives10.1080/10408347.2016.1233805 ↗
26. Novel approaches for colorimetric measurements in analytical chemistry—A review10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.030 ↗
27. Sferopoulos, R. (2009). Review of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Detector Technologies and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Items, Human Protection and Performance Division DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organisation.
28. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): A novel reliable technique for rapid detection of common harmful chemical residues10.1016/j.tifs.2018.02.020 ↗
29. CORDIS (2021, June 18). European Sensor System for CBRN Applications. Available online: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/787031/pl.
30. (2021, July 18). International Forum to Advance First Responder Innovation. Capability Gaps. Available online: https://www.internationalresponderforum.org/capability-gaps-overview.
31. EU-SENSE (2021, July 18). EU-SENSE About. Available online: https://eu-sense.eu/about/.
32. Dobrowolska-Opala, M., and Gudzbeler, G. (2019, January 18–20). European Sensor System for CBRN Applications. Proceedings of the 9th International Defence and Homeland Security Simulation Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal.10.46354/i3m.2019.dhss.003 ↗
33. Bland, S.A. (2014). Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Casualty Management Principles. Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine, Springer.10.1007/978-1-4471-2927-1_46 ↗
34. NATO Standarisation Agency (2020). ATP-45(D) Warning and Reporting and Hazard Prediction of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Incidents (Operators Manual), NSA.
35. CORDIS (2021, April 08). Periodic Reporting for period 1—EU-SENSE (European Sensor System for CBRN Applications). Available online: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/787031/reporting.
36. Szklarski, L., Maik, P., Walczyk, W.M., Guicheteau, J.A., and Howle, C.R. (2020, January 24). Developing a novel network of CBRNe sensors in response to existing capability gaps in current technologies. Proceedings of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXI, Online.10.1117/12.2558044 ↗
37. EU-SENSE (2021, July 18). Dispersion modelling in EU-SENSE. Available online: https://eu-sense.eu/dispersion-modelling-in-eu-sense/.
38. EU-SENSE (2021, October 22). The final demonstration of the EU-SENSE system. Available online: https://eu-sense.eu/the-final-demonstration-of-the-eu-sense-system/.
39. Casualties Traffic Organization During Mass Decontamination
40. Specjalistyczne grupy ratownictwa chemiczno-ekologicznego Państwowej Straży Pożarnej-zadania i wyposażenie-część I
41. Specjalistyczne grupy ratownictwa chemiczno-ekologicznego Państwowej Straży Pożarnej-zadania i wyposażenie-część II
42. Maciejewski, P. (2016). Ocena Sytuacji Skażeń po Zdarzeniach CBRN z Wykorzystaniem Narzędzi Informatycznych PROMIEŃ 3.0 Oraz PGO 2014/, National Defence University.
43. Protection from CBRN contamination in the Polish Armed Forces
44. NATO Standarisation Agency (2010). ATP-3.8.1—CBRN Defence on Operations, NSA.
45. Madigan, M.L. (2017). HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, CRC Press.10.1201/9781315230795 ↗
46. Jensen, F.V., and Nielsen, T.D. (2007). Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs, Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-68282-2 ↗
47. Robins, P., and Thomas, P. (2005, January 25–28). Non-linear Bayesian CBRN source term estimation. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Fusion, Philadelphia, PA, USA.10.1109/ICIF.2005.1591980 ↗
48. Mitchell, H.B. (2007). Multi-Sensor Data Fusion. An Introduction, Springer.
49. Case study as a research method
50. Analysis of severe industrial accidents caused by hazardous chemicals in South Korea from January 2008 to June 201810.1016/j.ssci.2019.104580 ↗
51. Chemical industry in China: The current status, safety problems, and pathways for future sustainable development10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104741 ↗
52. Cibulova, K., Formanek, M., and Priesner, M. (2017). The Possible Means Suggested for Improvement of Evaluation of Low Endurable Terrain. Durability of Critical Infrastructure, Monitoring and Testing, Proceedings of the ICDCF 2016, Šatov, Czech Republic, 6–9 December 2016, Springer.10.1007/978-981-10-3247-9_3 ↗
53. Critical review of the threats affecting the building of critical infrastructure resilience10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102316 ↗
54. Hamamoto, S., Ito, L., Yoneyama, N., and Tokai, A. (2021). Case Study for the Predictive Environmental Risk Assessment of Hexamethylenetetramine Release to the Yodo River during a Massive Tsunami Attack. Water, 13.10.3390/w13040549 ↗
55. Special issue: Emerging chemical terrorism threats10.1080/15376516.2021.1904472 ↗
56. Risk analysis of terrorist attacks on LNG storage tanks at ports10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105192 ↗
57. Weichbroth, P. (2018, January 9–12). Usability attributes revisited: A time-framed knowledge map. Proceedings of the 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, Poznan, Poland.10.15439/2018F137 ↗
58. Owoc, M.L., Sawicka, A., and Weichbroth, P. (2021). Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Education: Benefits, Challenges and Strategies of Implementation. Artificial Intelligence for Knowledge Management, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-85001-2_4 ↗
59. CBRN Analysis and SI Promień—Comparison of the Functionality of the Software for the Assessment of Contamination
60. Huang, X., Arvin, F., West, C., Watson, S., and Lennox, B. (2019, January 18–20). Exploration in Extreme Environments with Swarm Robotic System. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), Ilmenau, Germany.10.1109/ICMECH.2019.8722887 ↗
61. On Emergency Response of Swarm Robotics for Chemical Hazards10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1037.327 ↗
62. Hunt, E.R., Cullen, C.B., and Hauert, S. (2021, January 12). Value at Risk strategies for robot swarms in hazardous environments. Proceedings of the Unmanned Systems Technology XXIII, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, Online.10.1117/12.2585760 ↗
63. Nanocomposites (conducting polymer and nanoparticles) based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of environment pollutant: Its issues and challenges10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106438 ↗
64. Recommendations for the selection of in situ measurement techniques for radiological characterization in nuclear/radiological installations under decommissioning and dismantling processes10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103761 ↗