Effect of Selected Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites on Olive Drupes
Source abstract
Abstract
Beneficial fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma are used as biofungicides and plant growth promoters. Trichoderma strains promote the activation of plant defense mechanisms of action, including the production of phenolic metabolites. In this work, we analyzed the effects of selected Trichoderma strains (T. asperellum KV906, T. virens GV41, and T. harzianum strains TH1, M10, and T22) and their metabolites (harzianic acid and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone) on drupes of young olive trees (4-year-old) cv. Carolea. This study used the untargeted analysis of drupe metabolome, carried out by LC–MS Q-TOF, to evaluate the phenolics profiles and target metabolomics approach to detect oleuropein and luteolin. The untargeted approach showed significant differences in the number and type of phenolic compounds in olive drupes after Trichoderma applications (by root dipping and drench soil irrigation method) compared to control. The levels of oleuropein (secoiridoid) and luteolin (flavonoid) varied according to the strain or metabolite applied, and in some cases, were less abundant in treated plants than in the control. In general, flavonoids’ levels were influenced more than secoiridoid production. The dissimilar aptitudes of the biological treatments could depend on the selective competence to cooperate with the enzymes involved in producing the secondary metabolites to defend plants by environmental stresses. Our results suggest that using selected fungi of the genus Trichoderma and their metabolites could contribute to selecting the nutraceutical properties of the olive drupe. The use of the metabolites would bring further advantages linked to the dosage in culture and storage.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity · Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities · Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Portici, 80131 Naples, Italy
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80138 Naples, Italy
BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
Funding
MIUR—PON
References (70)
Show source-provided references
1. Olive Oil: History, Production, and Characteristics of the World’s Classic Oils10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1093 ↗
2. Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: Palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidence from the Middle East10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00229.x ↗
3. Genetic relationships in the olive (Olea europaea L.) reflect multilocal selection of cultivars10.1007/s001220051642 ↗
4. Molecular Analysis of Olive Cultivars in the Molise Region of Italy10.1007/s10722-004-6126-9 ↗
5. Genetic relationships, structure and parentage simulation among the olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) cultivated in Southern Italy revealed by SSR markers10.1007/s11295-013-0609-9 ↗
6. Olive oil history, production and by-product management10.1007/s11157-007-9120-9 ↗
7. Mazzocchi, A., Leone, L., Agostoni, C., and Pali-Schöll, I. (2019). The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter?. Nutrients, 11.10.3390/nu11122941 ↗
8. Mediterranean diet and health status: Active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms10.1111/bph.14778 ↗
9. Dini, I., and Laneri, S. (2021). Spices, Condiments, Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Aromas as Not Only Flavorings, but Precious Allies for Our Wellbeing. Antioxidants, 10.10.3390/antiox10060868 ↗
10. Pedan, V., Popp, M., Rohn, S., Nyfeler, M., and Bongartz, A. (2019). Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Contribution to Sensory Properties of Olive Oil. Molecules, 24.10.3390/molecules24112041 ↗
11. Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Total Polyphenols Quantification in Extra Virgin Olive Oils10.1007/s12161-019-01657-7 ↗
12. Dini, I., Graziani, G., Fedele, F.L., Sicari, A., Vinale, F., Castaldo, L., and Ritieni, A. (2020). Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9040284 ↗
13. Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: A survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. An overview of the last decade10.3390/12081679 ↗
14. Dini, I., Graziani, G., Fedele, F.L., Sicari, A., Vinale, F., Castaldo, L., and Ritieni, A. (2020). An environmentally friendly practice used in olive cultivation capable of increasing commercial interest in waste products from oil processing. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9060466 ↗
15. The Protective Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Immune-mediated Inflammatory Responses10.2174/1871530317666171114115632 ↗
16. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Which Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases?10.2174/1871530317666171114114321 ↗
17. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2012). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to polyphenols in olive and maintenance of normal blood HDL cholesterol concentrations (ID 1639, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J., 10, 2848.10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2848 ↗
18. Tetens, I., and EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2011). Scientific Opinion on the Substantiation of a Health Claim Related to Glucosamine and Maintenance of Lycopene, Proanthocyanidins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Beta-Carotene and Contribution to Normal Collagen Formation (ID 1669) and Protection of the Skin from UV-Induced Damage (ID 1669) Pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
19. Stark, A., and Zecharia, M. (2021). Olive oil in the prevention of breast and colon carcinogenesis. Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-819528-4.00047-X ↗
20. Dini, I., and Laneri, S. (2021). The New Challenge of Green Cosmetics: Natural Food Ingredients for Cosmetic Formulations. Molecules, 26.10.3390/molecules26133921 ↗
21. Dini, I., Falanga, D., di Lorenzo, R., Tito, A., Carotenuto, G., Zappelli, C., Grumetto, L., Sacchi, A., Laneri, S., and Apone, F. (2021). An Extract from Ficus carica Cell Cultures Works as an Anti-Stress Ingredient for the Skin. Antioxidants, 10.10.3390/antiox10040515 ↗
22. Holban, A.M., and Grumezescu, A.M. (2018). Spices and herbs as therapeutic foods. Food Quality: Balancing Health and Disease, Elservier.10.1016/B978-0-12-811442-1.00023-7 ↗
23. Raisins and Currants as Conventional Nutraceuticals in Italian Market: Natural Occurrence of Ochratoxin A10.1111/1750-3841.13854 ↗
24. Nutricosmetics: A brief overview10.1002/ptr.6494 ↗
25. Cavallo, P., Dini, I., Sepe, I., Galasso, G., Fedele, F.L., Sicari, A., Bolletti Censi, S., Gaspari, A., Ritieni, A., and Lorito, M. (2020). An innovative olive pâté with nutraceutical properties. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9070581 ↗
26. Dini, I., Izzo, L., Graziani, G., and Ritieni, A. (2021). The Nutraceutical Properties of “Pizza Napoletana Marinara TSG” a Traditional Food Rich in Bioaccessible Antioxidants. Antioxidants, 10.10.3390/antiox10030495 ↗
27. Role of phenolic metabolism in the defense of the olive-tree against leaf-spot disease caused by Spilocaea oleagina
28. Phenolic compounds of olive-tree leaves and their relationship with the resistance to the leaf-spot disease caused by Spilocaea oleagina
29. Phenolic responses of resistant and susceptible olive cultivars induced by defoliating and nondefoliating Verticillium dahlia pathotypes10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1156 ↗
30. Salinity-induced changes in phenolic compounds in leaves and roots of four olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) and their relationship to antioxidant activity10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.01.007 ↗
31. Monitoring of mineral and polyphenol content in olive leaves under drought conditions: Application chemometric techniques10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.005 ↗
32. Root verbascoside and oleuropein are potential indicators of drought resistance in olive trees (Olea europaea L.)10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.024 ↗
33. Dini, I., Graziani, G., Gaspari, A., Fedele, F.L., Sicari, A., Vinale, F., Cavallo, P., Lorito, M., and Ritieni, A. (2020). New strategies in the cultivation of olive trees and repercussions on the nutritional value of the extra virgin olive oil. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25102345 ↗
34. Dini, I., Marra, R., Cavallo, P., Pironti, A., Sepe, I., Troisi, J., Scala, G., Lombari, P., and Vinale, F. (2021). Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Selectively Increase the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Olive Trees. Metabolites, 11.10.3390/metabo11040213 ↗
35. Trichoderma-based products and their widespread use in agricolture10.2174/1874437001408010071 ↗
36. Translational research on Trichoderma: From ‘omics to the field10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114314 ↗
37. Plant-beneficial effects of Trichoderma and of its genes10.1099/mic.0.052274-0 ↗
38. Increased resistance of drought by Trichoderma harzianum fungal treatment correlates with increased secondary metabolites and proline content10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61695-2 ↗
39. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma—A genomic perspective10.1099/mic.0.053629-0 ↗
40. Khan, R.A.A., Najeeb, S., Hussain, S., Xie, B., and Li, Y. (2020). Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms, 8.10.3390/microorganisms8060817 ↗
41. Trichoderma and its secondary metabolites improve yield and quality of grapes10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.010 ↗
42. Trichoderma harzianum enhances antioxidant defense of tomato seedlings and resistance to water deficit10.1094/MPMI-09-11-0240 ↗
43. Rouphael, Y., Carillo, P., Colla, G., Fiorentino, N., Sabatino, L., El-Nakhel, C., Giordano, M., Pannico, A., Cirillo, V., and Shabani, E. (2020). Appraisal of combined applications of Trichoderma virens and a biopolymer-based biostimulant on lettuce agronomical, physiological, and qualitative properties under variable regimes. Agronomy, 10.10.3390/agronomy10020196 ↗
44. Vascular protection by dietary polyphenols10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.034 ↗
45. Ruzzolini, J., Peppicelli, S., Andreucci, E., Bianchini, F., Scardigli, A., Romani, A., la Marca, G., Nediani, C., and Calorini, L. (2018). Oleuropein, the Main Polyphenol of Olea europaea Leaf Extract, Has an Anti-Cancer Effect on Human BRAF Melanoma Cells and Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Current Chemotherapies. Nutrients, 10.10.20944/preprints201811.0277.v1 ↗
46. Application of Trichoderma strains and metabolites enhances soybean productivity and nutrient content10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06503 ↗
47. Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces pinophilus10.1080/14786419.2017.1290624 ↗
48. Harzianic acid, an antifungal and plant growth promoting metabolite from Trichoderma harzianum10.1021/np900548p ↗
49. Determination of phenolic compounds of ‘Sikitita’ olive leaves by HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS. Comparison with its parents’ Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’ olive leaves10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.014 ↗
50. Tafuri, S., Cocchia, N., Carotenuto, D., Vassetti, A., Staropoli, A., Mastellone, V., Peretti, V., Ciotola, F., Albarella, S., and del Prete, C. (2019). Chemical Analysis of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and Its Effects on Redox Status and on Reproductive Biology in Stallions. Molecules, 24.10.3390/molecules24101981 ↗
51. Marra, R., Coppola, M., Pironti, A., Grasso, F., Lombardi, N., d’Errico, G., Sicari, A., Bolletti Censi, S., Woo, S.L., and Rao, R. (2020). The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. J. Fungi, 6.10.3390/jof6040369 ↗
52. Patkowska, E., Mielniczuk, E., Jamiołkowska, A., Skwaryło-Bednarz, B., and BłaŻewicz-Woźniak, M. (2020). The Influence of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot. Agronomy, 10.10.3390/agronomy10111637 ↗
53. Biometric evaluation of twelve olive cultivars under rainfed conditions in the region of Calabria, South Italy
54. Fruit weight is related to ovary weight in olive (Olea europaea L.)10.1016/j.scienta.2009.05.034 ↗
55. Differences between native and introduced olive cultivars as revealed by morphology of drupes, oil composition and SSR polymorphisms: A case study in Tunisia10.1016/j.scienta.2008.01.004 ↗
56. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03863.x ↗
57. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants
58. Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M.H.M.B., Parvin, K., Bhuiyan, T.F., Anee, T.I., Nahar, K., Hossen, M.S., Zulfiqar, F., Alam, M.M., and Fujita, M. (2020). Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.10.3390/ijms21228695 ↗
59. General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants10.1007/s00018-014-1767-0 ↗
60. Role of Trichoderma harzianum in mitigating NaCl stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through antioxidative defense system10.3389/fpls.2015.00868 ↗
61. Untargeted Metabolomics Strategies-Challenges and Emerging Directions10.1007/s13361-016-1469-y ↗
62. Mayo-Prieto, S., Marra, R., Vinale, F., Rodríguez-González, Á., Woo, S.L., Lorito, M., and Casquero, P.A. (2019). Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.10.3390/ijms20030549 ↗
63. Metabolites involved in oleuropein accumulation and degradation in fruits of Olea europaea L.: Hojiblanca and Arbequina varieties10.1021/jf103083u ↗
64. Biosynthesis of secoiricoid glucosides in Oleaceae10.1016/0031-9422(91)80018-V ↗
65. Biosynthesis of iridoids in Syringa and Fraxinus: Secoiridoid precursors10.1016/0031-9422(95)00211-O ↗
66. Recent advances in flower color variation and patterning of Japanese morning glory and petunia10.1270/jsbbs.17107 ↗
67. The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112199 ↗
68. Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects10.3797/scipharm.0912-18 ↗
69. Montesano, D., Rocchetti, G., Cossignani, L., Senizza, B., Pollini, L., Lucini, L., and Blasi, F. (2019). Untargeted Metabolomics to Evaluate the Stability of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil with Added Lycium barbarum Carotenoids during Storage. Foods, 8.10.3390/foods8060179 ↗
70. A review on the antioxidative and prooxidative properties of luteolin