Energy Productivity Potential of Offshore Wind in Poland and Cooperation with Onshore Wind Farm
Source abstract
Abstract
Wind power is the leader in electricity production among the standing RES technologies, both in Poland and in Europe/World. In Poland, so far there are only onshore wind turbines. Their dynamic increase in installed capacity has been observed, especially between 2011 and 2017. This study analyzed the impact of offshore wind energy on the ability of the Polish power system to meet power demands. For this purpose, methods of statistical analysis (of existing onshore and planned offshore technologies) for the determination of wind turbine productivity based on wind speed components data from the ERA5 service were used. For onshore wind turbines, the value of the capacity factor CF(P) in Poland was 25.5% in 2021 and 30.1% in 2022. As a result of the simulation, it was calculated that for the planned offshore wind farms, the capacity factor CF(B) would be 55.6% under 2022 wind speed conditions. The 2022 peak load demands in the Polish system were also analyzed. The quantitative impact of installing 6 GW of offshore wind turbine capacity on the national power system was also identified.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Renewable energy and sustainable power systems · Wind Energy Research and Development · Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 7A Wybickiego St., 31-261 Cracow, Poland
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 1 Politechniki Sq., 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
Veolia Energia Polska S.A., 2 Puławska St., 02-556 Warsaw, Poland
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Mokrzycki, E. (2022). Magazynowanie Energii Elektrycznej w Prosumenckich Mikroinstalacjach Fotowoltaicznych, IGSMiE PAN.
2. Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK: Cost competitiveness and the importance of “banded” Renewables Obligation Certificates10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.029 ↗
3. The analysis of the innovative potential of the energy sector and low-carbon development: A case study for Poland10.1016/j.esr.2021.100769 ↗
4. Analyses of duck curve phenomena potential in polish PV prosumer households’ installations10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.038 ↗
5. Pieczarko, R., and Sołtysik, M. (2017). Analysis of the impact of wind sources generation on the level of electricity prices on the SPOT market. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 93.
6. Malec, M., Kinelski, G., and Czarnecka, M. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Demand Profiles: A Case Study of Selected Business Clients in Poland. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14175332 ↗
7. Kulpa, J., Olczak, P., Surma, T., and Matuszewska, D. (2022). Comparison of Support Programs for the Development of Photovoltaics in Poland: My Electricity Program and the RES Auction System. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15010121 ↗
8. The importance and potential of photovoltaics in the context of low-carbon development in Poland10.1016/j.enss.2022.07.001 ↗
9. (2023, January 16). EU Market Outlook for Solar Power, 2020–2024. Available online: https://resources.solarbusinesshub.com/solar-industry-reports/item/eu-market-outlook-for-solar-power-2020-2024.
10. (2023, January 16). IRENA Renewable Capacity Statistics. Available online: https://irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf.
11. (2022, September 12). Enerdata Global Wind Capacities Increased by 94 GW in 2021 to 837 GW. Available online: https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/global-wind-capacities-increased-94-gw-2021-837-gw.html.
12. Olczak, P., Żelazna, A., Matuszewska, D., and Olek, M. (2021). The “My Electricity” Program as One of the Ways to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Poland. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14227679 ↗
13. Kulpa, J., Olczak, P., Stecuła, K., and Sołtysik, M. (2022). The Impact of RES Development in Poland on the Change of the Energy Generation Profile and Reduction of CO2 Emissions. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app122111064 ↗
14. PSE Praca KSE—Generacja Źródeł Wiatrowych i Fotowoltaicznych (2023, January 16). Doba Handlowa: 2022-07-25. Available online: https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-dobowe-z-pracy-kse/generacja-zrodel-wiatrowych.
15. Kryzia, D., Olczak, P., Wrona, J., Kopacz, M., Kryzia, K., and Galica, D. (2019). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing.
16. Piwowar, A., Dzikuć, M., and Dzikuć, M. (2022, January 6–10). The potential of wind energy development in Poland in the context of legal and economic changes. Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES 2022), Paphos, Cyprus.10.12700/APH.20.10.2023.10.9 ↗
17. Dobrzycki, A., and Roman, J. (2022). Correlation between the Production of Electricity by Offshore Wind Farms and the Demand for Electricity in Polish Conditions. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15103669 ↗
18. Elektrownie wiatrowe źródłem energii elektrycznej, czy również mocy?
19. Paska, J., Surma, T., Terlikowski, P., and Zagrajek, K. (2020). Electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Poland as a part of commitment to the polish and EU energy policy. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13164261 ↗
20. A novel bio-inspired stochastic framework to solve energy management problem in hybrid AC-DC microgrids with uncertainty10.1504/IJBIC.2021.119200 ↗
21. Analytic Mechanism for the Cumulative Effect of Wind Power Fluctuations from Single Wind Farm to Wind Farm Cluster
22. Kou, L., Li, Y., Zhang, F., Gong, X., Hu, Y., Yuan, Q., and Ke, W. (2022). Review on Monitoring, Operation and Maintenance of Smart Offshore Wind Farms. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22082822 ↗
23. Kaszyński, P., Komorowska, A., Zamasz, K., Kinelski, G., and Kamiński, J. (2021). Capacity Market and (the Lack of) New Investments: Evidence from Poland. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14237843 ↗
24. Accurate long-term power generation model for offshore wind farms in Europe using ERA5 reanalysis10.1016/j.energy.2021.120603 ↗
25. Hallgren, C., Arnqvist, J., Ivanell, S., Körnich, H., Vakkari, V., and Sahlée, E. (2020). Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13143670 ↗
26. Komorowska, A., Benalcazar, P., and Kamiński, J. (2023). Evaluating the competitiveness and uncertainty of offshore wind-to-hydrogen production: A case study of Poland. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.015 ↗
27. Rogus, R., Castro, R., and Sołtysik, M. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Wind Energy Generation Forecasts in Poland and Portugal and Their Influence on the Electricity Exchange Prices. Inventions, 5.10.3390/inventions5030035 ↗
28. Talarek, K., Knitter-Piątkowska, A., and Garbowski, T. (2022). Wind Parks in Poland—New Challenges and Perspectives. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15197004 ↗
29. Pronińska, K., and Księżopolski, K. (2021). Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Development—Poland’s Public Policy Tools Analysis and the Geostrategic Implications. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14164883 ↗
30. Gaertner, E., Rinker, J., Sethuraman, L., Zahle, F., Anderson, B., Barter, G., Abbas, N., Meng, F., Bortolotti, P., and Skrzypinski, W. (2020). Definition of the IEA Wind 15-Megawatt Offshore Reference Wind Turbine Technical Report, NREL.10.2172/1603478 ↗
31. (2022, March 16). Copernicus ERA5 Hourly Data on Single Levels from 1979 to Present. Available online: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview.
32. (2022, September 03). ECMWF 2 Metre Temperature. Available online: https://apps.ecmwf.int/codes/grib/param-db?id=167.
33. Floors, R., and Nielsen, M. (2019). Estimating Air Density Using Observations and Re-Analysis Outputs for Wind Energy Purposes. Energies, 12.10.3390/en12112038 ↗
34. (2022, December 15). PSE Dane Systemowe. Available online: https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe.
35. (2023, January 16). Energy.Instrat.pl Generacja Energii Według Technologii. Available online: https://energy.instrat.pl/generation_by_fuel.
36. (2022, August 28). European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5. Available online: https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CUSF/ERA5+hourly+data+on+single+level+and+ERA5+hourly+on+pressure+levels+available+again+from+the+CDS?src=contextnavpagetreemode.
37. MKiŚ Komunikat Ministra Klimatu i Środowiska dot (2023, January 04). Ogłoszenia Okresów Zagrożenia na Rynku Mocy, Available online: https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/komunikat-ministra-klimatu-i-srodowiska-dot-ogloszenia-stanu-zagrozenia-na-rynku-mocy.
38. Kulpa, J., Kamiński, P., Stecuła, K., Prostański, D., Matusiak, P., Kowol, D., Kopacz, M., and Olczak, P. (2021). Technical and Economic Aspects of Electric Energy Storage in a Mine Shaft—Budryk Case Study. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14217337 ↗