Properties of CAD/CAM 3D Printing Dental Materials and Their Clinical Applications in Orthodontics: Where Are We Now?
Source abstract
Abstract
In the last years, both medicine and dentistry have come across a revolution represented by the introduction of more and more digital technologies for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology consisting of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflow, which allows the substitution of many materials with digital data. This process requires three fundamental steps represented by the digitalization of an item through a scanner, the editing of the data acquired using a software, and the manufacturing technology to transform the digital data into a final product, respectively. This narrative review aims to discuss the recent introduction in dentistry of the abovementioned digital workflow. The main advantages and disadvantages of the process will be discussed, along with a brief description of the possible applications on orthodontics.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Dental materials and restorations · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Anatomy and Medical Technology
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Private Dental Technician, 27100 Pavia, Italy
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Introducing 3D printing in your orthodontic practice10.1177/1465312520936704 ↗
2. Validity and reliability of intraoral scanners compared to conventional gypsum models measurements: A systematic review10.1093/ejo/cjw033 ↗
3. Computerized Casts for Orthodontic Purpose Using Powder-Free Intraoral Scanners: Accuracy, Execution Time, and Patient Feedback10.1155/2018/4103232 ↗
4. Accuracy of 3-dimensional printed dental models reconstructed from digital intraoral impressions10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.06.009 ↗
5. Digital dentistry: An overview of recent develompents for CAD/CAM generated restorations10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.350 ↗
6. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 ↗
7. Vidakis, N., Petousis, M., Maniadi, A., Koudoumas, E., Kenanakis, G., Romanitan, C., Tutunaru, O., Suchea, M., and Kechagias, J. (2020). The Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D-Printed Materials Composed of ABS-ZnO Nanocomposites and ABS-ZnO Microcomposites. Micromachines, 11.10.3390/mi11060615 ↗
8. The chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of 3D printed materials composed of TiO2 -ABS nanocomposites10.1080/14686996.2016.1152879 ↗
9. Applications of 3D printing in healthcare
10. Intraoral Scanner Technologies: A Review to Make a Successful Impression10.1155/2017/8427595 ↗
11. Applications of additive manufacturing in dentistry: A review10.1002/jbm.b.33961 ↗
12. Current and emerging applications of 3D printing in medicine10.1088/1758-5090/aa7279 ↗
13. 3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: A systematic literature review10.1186/s12938-016-0236-4 ↗
14. Emergence of 3D Printed Dosage Forms: Opportunities and Challenges10.1007/s11095-016-1933-1 ↗
15. 3D Printing in Dentistry-State of the Art10.2341/18-229-L ↗
16. Tappa, K., and Jammalamadaka, U. (2018). Novel biomaterials used in medical 3D printing techniques. J. Funct. Biomater., 9.10.3390/jfb9010017 ↗
17. Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials10.1186/s13036-015-0001-4 ↗
18. Rapid prototyping in dentistry: Technology and application10.1007/s00170-005-2523-2 ↗
19. Additive technology: Update on current materials and applications in dentistry10.1111/jopr.12510 ↗
20. Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: A systematic review10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01503.x ↗
21. CAD/CAM/AM applications in the manufacture of dental appliances10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.04.023 ↗
22. (2012). ASTM Standard F2792, ASTM International. Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies; ASTM F2792—10e1.
23. 3D printing technology in orthodontics–review of current applications10.5114/jos.2018.83410 ↗
24. Build angle: Does it influence the accuracy of 3D-printed dental restorations using digital light-processing technology10.11607/ijp.5117 ↗
25. Taneva, E., Kusnoto, B., and Evans, C.A. (2015). 3D scanning, imaging, and printing in orthodontics. Issues Contemp. Orthod., 147–188.10.5772/60010 ↗
26. Gad, M.M., Fouda, S.M., Abualsaud, R., Alshahrani, F.A., Al-Thobity, A.M., Khan, S.Q., Akhtar, S., Ateeq, I.S., Helal, M.A., and Al-Harbi, F.A. (2021). Strength and Surface Properties of a 3D-Printed Denture Base Polymer. J. Prosthodont. Off. J. Am. Coll. Prosthodont.10.1111/jopr.13413 ↗
27. Al-Qahtani, A.S., Tulbah, H.I., Binhasan, M., Abbasi, M.S., Ahmed, N., Shabib, S., Farooq, I., Aldahian, N., Nisar, S.S., and Tanveer, S.A. (2021). Surface Properties of Polymer Resins Fabricated with Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Techniques. Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13234077 ↗
28. Kim, D., Shim, J.S., Lee, D., Shin, S.H., Nam, N.E., Park, K.H., Shim, J.S., and Kim, J.E. (2020). Effects of Post-Curing Time on the Mechanical and Color Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Crown and Bridge Materials. Polymers, 12.10.3390/polym12112762 ↗
29. Bayarsaikhan, E., Lim, J.H., Shin, S.H., Park, K.H., Park, Y.B., Lee, J.H., and Kim, J.E. (2021). Effects of Postcuring Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Printed Dental Resin Material. Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13081180 ↗
30. Comparing the mechanical properties of pressed, milled, and 3D-printed resins for occlusal devices10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.024 ↗
31. Cytotoxic evaluation of directly 3D printed aligners and Invisalign
32. Colombo, M., Gallo, S., Poggio, C., Ricaldone, V., Arciola, C.R., and Scribante, A. (2020). New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: In Vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13061308 ↗
33. Cytotoxicity of resin monomers on human gingival fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.039 ↗
34. Release and toxicity of dental resin composite10.4103/0971-6580.103652 ↗
35. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications10.1155/2021/9950131 ↗
36. Computer-aided design and manufacture of hyrax devices: Can we really go digital?10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.016 ↗
37. CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.013 ↗
38. Investigations on the accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for dental implantology
39. 3D-printing zirconia implants; a dream or a reality? An in-vitro study evaluating the dimensional accuracy, surface topography and mechanical properties of printed zirconia implant and discs10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.08.018 ↗
40. Accuracy of printed dental models made with 2 prototype technologies and different designs of model bases10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.012 ↗
41. Effect of print layer height and printer type on the accuracy of 3-dimensional printed orthodontic models10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.012 ↗
42. Accuracy and reproducibility of dental replica models reconstructed by different rapid prototyping techniques10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.05.011 ↗
43. Accuracy of digital light processing printing of 3-dimensional dental models10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.012 ↗
44. New frontiers and emerging applications of 3D printing in ENT surgery: A systematic review of the literature10.14639/0392-100X-1984 ↗