An Experimental Study for Swelling Effect on Repairing of Cracks in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
Source abstract
Abstract
Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect and prevent. Therefore, swellable clay is a feasible solution, which helps to close the cracks automatically based on the self-healing process. The presented study utilizes experimental procedures to analyze the swelling behavior of fine-grained clayey soils to prevent structural failure regarding crack generations. In this regard, the clayey materials were modified using Kaolin and Bentonite mixed with various weight percentages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and extracted the geotechnical characteristics of the studied soils, which included 90 specimens and 85 tests, such as physical properties, consolidation, particle-size analysis, hydrometry, Atterberg limits, compaction, odometer, and pinhole. The experimental results revealed that the swelling of the Bentonite is more than Kaolin satisfied for self-healing features in clayey soils. Regarding the numerous swelling tests, Bentonite provides optimum results (attained 10%) compared to Kaolin. As a verification procedure, the pinhole test was performed on samples, which revealed that Bentonite was dominant in controlling the water flow through the samples.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Dam Engineering and Safety · Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics · Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz 5157944533, Iran
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
References (35)
Show source-provided references
1. Time for development of internal erosion and piping in embankment dams10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:4(307) ↗
2. Assessment of swelling pressure of stabilized Bentonite
3. Three dimensional seismic deformation-shear strain-swelling performance of America-California Oroville Earth-Fill Dam
4. Numerical analysis of the causes of face slab cracks in Gongboxia rockfill dam10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.019 ↗
5. Analysis on causes of cracks in concrete face slabs in water variation section of Gongboxia concrete face rockfill dam
6. The effect of self-healing process on the strength increase in clay10.1080/01694243.2018.1445070 ↗
7. Combined effects of wet-dry cycles and interacting fluid on desiccation cracks and hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105505 ↗
8. Evaluation of nano-graphene effect on mechanical behavior of clayey sand with microstructural and self-healing approach10.1080/01694243.2019.1676598 ↗
9. Effects of nanoclay on the treatment of core material in earth dams10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002415 ↗
10. Experimental Investigation of Self-healing Phenomenon of Clay in Earth Dams and its Influencing Factors
11. Evaluation of Influencing Factors in Outflow Control and Self-healing Property of Clay Core (case study: Vanyar dam–Iran)
12. Experimental study on self-healing of crack in clay seepage barrier10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.018 ↗
13. Investigation of free swelling potential of compacted clayey soils
14. Evaluation of the Parameters Influencing Self-Healing in Earth Dams10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:7(879) ↗
15. Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I., Lamara, M., and Aboubaker, N. (2008, January 20). Hydraulic conductivity and shear strength of compacted dune sand-bentonite mixtures. In Proceeding of the 16th International Conference on Construction and Building Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
16. Effect of chemical quality of initial moisture on mechanical properties of swelling soil in wetting and drying cycles
17. Wet swelling effect on crack performance of facing concrete for rockfill dams10.1680/jmacr.16.00367 ↗
18. Effectiveness of expanded clay as a bacteria carrier for self-healing concrete10.1186/s13765-019-0426-4 ↗
19. Tabassum, T., and Bheemasetti, T.V. (2020, January 25–28). Self-Healing and Desiccation Crack Behavior of Kaolinite-Rich Clay Soil. Proceedings of the Geo-Congress 2020, Minneapolis, MN, USA.10.1061/9780784482780.057 ↗
20. Experimental investigation of bentonite impact on self-healing of clay soils10.1007/s12517-020-06131-x ↗
21. Assessment of rock slope stability by slope mass rating (SMR): A case study for the gas flare site in Assalouyeh, South of Iran
22. Geotechnical characteristics and empirical geo-engineering relations of the South Pars Zone marls, Iran
23. Numerical analysis and stability assessment of complex secondary toppling failures: A case study for the south pars special zone
24. (2007). Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Standard No. ASTM D422).
25. (2021). Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis (Standard No. ASTM D7928).
26. Experimental Study on the Basic Properties of a Green New Coal Mine Grouting Reinforcement Material10.1021/acsomega.0c01626 ↗
27. New Type of Similar Material for Simulating the Processes of Water Inrush from Roof Bed Separation10.1021/acsomega.0c03535 ↗
28. (2021). Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density and Unit Weight of Soil Specimens (Standard No. ASTM D7263).
29. (2017). Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils (Standard No. ASTM D4318).
30. Prediction of swelling potential for compacted clays10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000431 ↗
31. (2020). Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading (Standard No. ASTM D2435).
32. (2020). Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test (Standard No. ASTM D4647).
33. U.S. Department of the Interior—Bureau of Reclamation (1991). Characteristics of Dispersive and Problems Clay Soils, Research and Laboratory Services Division Materials Engineering Branch.
34. Sherard, J.L., Decker, R.S., and Ryker, N.L. (1972, January 11–14). Piping in earth dams of dispersive clay. Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Performance of Earth and Earth-Supported Structures, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
35. Self-repair of cracks and defects in clay: A review of evidence, mechanisms, theories and nomenclature10.1007/s11440-021-01382-8 ↗