Optimization and Application of XGBoost Logging Prediction Model for Porosity and Permeability Based on K-means Method

The prediction and distribution of reservoir porosity and permeability are of paramount importance for the exploration and development of regional oil and gas resources. In order to optimize the prediction methods of porosity and permeability and better guide gas field development, it is necessary to identify the most effective approaches. Therefore, based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, laboratory test data of the porosity and permeability of cores from the southern margin of the Ordos Basin were selected as the target labels, conventional logging curves were used as the input feature variables, and the mean absolute error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used as the evaluation indicators. Following the selection of the optimal feature variables and optimization of the hyper-parameters, an XGBoost porosity and permeability prediction model was established. Subsequently, the innovative application of homogeneous clustering (K-means) data preprocessing was applied to enhance the XGBoost model’s performance. The results show that logarithmically preprocessed (LOG(PERM)) target labels enhanced the performance of the XGBoost permeability prediction model, with an increase of 0.26 in its test set R2. Furthermore, the application of K-means improved the performance of the XGBoost prediction model, with an increase of 0.15 in the R2 of the model and a decrease of 0.017 in the MAE. Finally, the POR_0/POR_1 grouped porosity model was selected as the final predictive model for porosity in the study area, and the Arctan(PERM)_0/Arctan(PER0M)_1 grouped model was selected as the final predictive model for permeability, which has better prediction accuracy than logging curves. The combination of K-means and the XGBoost modeling method provides a new approach and reference for the efficient and relatively accurate evaluation of porosity and permeability in the study area.