journal article·2023-04-06Open access

A Vision Detection Scheme Based on Deep Learning in a Waste Plastics Sorting System

Shengping Wen, Yue Yuan, Jingfu Chen

Applied Sciences· Volume 13· Issue 7

Abstract

The preliminary sorting of plastic products is a necessary step to improve the utilization of waste resources. To improve the quality and efficiency of sorting, a plastic detection scheme based on deep learning is proposed in this paper for a waste plastics sorting system based on vision detection. In this scheme, the YOLOX (You Only Look Once) object detection model and the DeepSORT (Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) multiple object tracking algorithm are improved and combined to make them more suitable for plastic sorting. For plastic detection, multiple data augmentations are combined to improve the detection effect, while BN (Batch Normalization) layer fusion and mixed precision inference are adopted to accelerate the model. For plastic tracking, the improved YOLOX is used as a detector, and the tracking effect is further improved by optimizing the deep cosine metric learning and the metric in the matching stage. Based on this, virtual detection lines are set up to filter and extract information to determine the sorted objects. The experimental results show that the scheme proposed in this paper makes full use of vision information to achieve dynamic and real-time detection of plastics. The system is effective and versatile for sorting complex objects.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Neural Network Applications · Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection · Visual Attention and Saliency Detection

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology · Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China · Introduced Innovative Scientific Research Team of Dong Guan City

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Huang, S., Wang, H., Ahmad, W., Ahmad, A., Ivanovich Vatin, N., Mohamed, A.M., Deifalla, A.F., and Mehmood, I. (2022). Plastic Waste Management Strategies and Their Environmental Aspects: A Scientometric Analysis and Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.10.3390/ijerph19084556 ↗
2. OECD (2022). Global Plastics Outlook, OECD.
3. Effect of the medium’s density on the hydrocyclonic separation of waste plastics with different densities10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.019 ↗
4. Separation of plastics by froth flotation. The role of size, shape and density of the particles10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.041 ↗
5. A new approach in separating microplastics from environmental samples based on their electrostatic behavior10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.013 ↗
6. Analysis of horizontal air-separator field of municipal solid waste based on CFD
7. Auto-sorting commonly recovered plastics from waste household appliances and electronics using near-infrared spectroscopy10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118732 ↗
8. Visual Perception Enabled Industry Intelligence: State of the Art, Challenges and Prospects10.1109/TII.2020.2998818 ↗
9. Exploring impact and features of machine vision for progressive industry 4.0 culture10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100132 ↗
10. Application of machine learning algorithms in municipal solid waste management: A mini review10.1177/0734242X211033716 ↗
11. Intelligent Waste Separator
12. A new classification scheme of plastic wastes based upon recycling labels10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.030 ↗
13. Paulraj, S.G., Hait, S., and Thakur, A. (2016, January 21–24). Automated municipal solid waste sorting for recycling using a mobile manipulator. Proceedings of the ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE 2016, Charlotte, NC, USA.
14. Classification for plastic bottles recycling based on image recognition10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.032 ↗
15. Identification for Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Bottles by Polarization Vision10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3050816 ↗
16. Toward smarter management and recovery of municipal solid waste: A critical review on deep learning approaches10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130943 ↗
17. Tamin, O., Moung, E.G., Dargham, J.A., Yahya, F., Omatu, S., and Angeline, L. (2022, January 24–26). Machine Learning for Plastic Waste Detection: State-of-the-art, Challenges, and Solutions. Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES), Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.10.1109/CIEES55704.2022.9990703 ↗
18. Srinilta, C., and Kanharattanachai, S. (2019, January 2–5). Municipal Solid Waste Segregation with CNN. Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST), Luang Prabang, Laos.10.1109/ICEAST.2019.8802522 ↗
19. Recyclable waste image recognition based on deep learning10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105636 ↗
20. Applications of convolutional neural networks for intelligent waste identification and recycling: A review10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106813 ↗
21. Object Detection With Deep Learning: A Review10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2876865 ↗
22. Guo, Z., Wang, C., Yang, G., Huang, Z., and Li, G. (2022). MSFT-YOLO: Improved YOLOv5 Based on Transformer for Detecting Defects of Steel Surface. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22093467 ↗
23. Zhao, J., Zhang, X., Yan, J., Qiu, X., Yao, X., Tian, Y., Zhu, Y., and Cao, W. (2021). A Wheat Spike Detection Method in UAV Images Based on Improved YOLOv5. Remote Sens., 13.10.3390/rs13163095 ↗
24. FMD-Yolo: An efficient face mask detection method for COVID-19 prevention and control in public10.1016/j.imavis.2021.104341 ↗
25. Cooperative Perception for 3D Object Detection in Driving Scenarios Using Infrastructure Sensors10.1109/TITS.2020.3028424 ↗
26. Ye, A., Pang, B., Jin, Y., and Cui, J. (2020, January 24–26). A YOLO-based Neural Network with VAE for Intelligent Garbage Detection and Classification. Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Sanya China.10.1145/3446132.3446400 ↗
27. Melinte, D.O., Travediu, A.-M., and Dumitriu, D.N. (2020). Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Object Detector for Real-Time Waste Identification. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10207301 ↗
28. A multi-label waste detection model based on transfer learning10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106235 ↗
29. Deep learning networks for real-time regional domestic waste detection10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131096 ↗
30. Chen, Z.H., Zou, H.B., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.B., and Liang, B.Y. (2018, January 25–27). Multi-task Detection System for Garbage Sorting base on High-order Fusion of Convolutional Feature Hierarchical Representation. Proceedings of the 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Wuhan, China.
31. A highly efficient garbage pick-up embedded system based on improved SSD neural network using robotic arms10.3233/AIS-210129 ↗
32. Development of a method of detection and classification of waste objects on a conveyor for a robotic sorting system10.1088/1742-6596/1359/1/012127 ↗
33. Chen, X., Jia, Y., Tong, X., and Li, Z. (2022). Research on Pedestrian Detection and DeepSort Tracking in Front of Intelligent Vehicle Based on Deep Learning. Sustainability, 14.10.3390/su14159281 ↗
34. An Edge Traffic Flow Detection Scheme Based on Deep Learning in an Intelligent Transportation System10.1109/TITS.2020.3025687 ↗
35. Aspects concerning the optimal development of robotic systems architecture for waste sorting tasks10.1088/1757-899X/444/5/052029 ↗
36. Ge, Z., Liu, S., Wang, F., Li, Z., and Sun, J. (2021). Yolox: Exceeding yolo series in 2021. arXiv.
37. Wojke, N., Bewley, A., and Paulus, D. (2017, January 17–20). Simple online and realtime tracking with a deep association metric. Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2017, Beijing, China.10.1109/ICIP.2017.8296962 ↗
38. Bochkovskiy, A., Wang, C.-Y., and Liao, H.-Y.M. (2020). Yolov4: Optimal speed and accuracy of object detection. arXiv.
39. Zhang, H., Cisse, M., Dauphin, Y.N., and Lopez-Paz, D. (May, January 30). MixUp: Beyond empirical risk minimization. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
40. Zagoruyko, S., and Komodakis, N. (2016). Wide Residual Networks. arXiv.10.5244/C.30.87 ↗
41. Ma, N., Zhang, X., Zheng, H.-T., and Sun, J. (2018, January 8–14). Shufflenet V2: Practical guidelines for efficient cnn architecture design. Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2018, Munich, Germany.10.1007/978-3-030-01264-9_8 ↗
42. Yu, J., Jiang, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, Z., and Huang, T. (2016, January 15–19). UnitBox: An advanced object detection network. Proceedings of the 24th ACM Multimedia Conference, MM 2016, Amsterdam, UK.10.1145/2964284.2967274 ↗
43. Zheng, Z., Wang, P., Liu, W., Li, J., Ye, R., and Ren, D. (2020, January 7–12). Distance-IoU loss: Faster and better learning for bounding box regression. Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2020, New York, NY, USA.10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6999 ↗
44. A Computational Approach to Edge Detection10.1109/TPAMI.1986.4767851 ↗
45. Finding the convex hull of a simple polygon10.1016/0167-8655(82)90016-2 ↗
46. Loshchilov, I., and Hutter, F. (2017, January 24–26). SGDR: Stochastic gradient descent with warm restarts. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2017, Toulon, France.