journal article·2023-11-20Open access

Powdered Foods: Structure, Processing, and Challenges: A Review

Jonata M. Ueda, Patricia Morales, Virginia Fernández-Ruiz, Anabela Ferreira, Lillian Barros, Marcio Carocho, Sandrina A. Heleno

Applied Sciences· Volume 13· Issue 22

Abstract

Powdered foods are easy to store and transport, with a longer shelf life that minimizes potential waste, contributing to sustainable development. Each food category has a unique composition, responsible for its chemical and physical attributes, which directly influences the stability of powdered products. The drying method used is essential to obtain the desired characteristics of the powdered food, and the choice of each technology can provide unique morphological properties regarding size, shape, and density, among other factors. Furthermore, rehydration properties must also be investigated, as they play a fundamental role in the reconstitution of powdered foods, influencing the dispersion and dissolution of the powder in liquids. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the powdered food manufacturing process and its advantages. Special attention is given to the desirable properties of food powders, challenges related to stability, powdered food reconstitution properties, and case studies regarding many powdered foods.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes · Proteins in Food Systems · Food Drying and Modeling

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal

Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal

Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pza. Ramón y Cajal, s/n., E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Intraplás S.A., Rua da Indústria, 68, Rebordões, 4795-207 Santo Tirso, Portugal

Funding

FCT/MCTES · FCT · ALIMNOVA Research Group

References (99)

Show source-provided references
1. Food powders engineering, between knowhow and science: Constraints, stakes and opportunities10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.012 ↗
2. Food preservation techniques and nanotechnology for increased shelf life of fruits, vegetables, beverages and spices: A review10.1007/s10311-020-01126-2 ↗
3. Effect of thermal and non-thermal techniques for microbial safety in food powder: Recent advances10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108654 ↗
4. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
5. Developments in Radio Frequency Pasteurization of Food Powders10.1080/87559129.2020.1775641 ↗
6. Recent development in low-moisture foods: Microbial safety and thermal process10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111072 ↗
7. Environmental monitoring program to support food microbiological safety and quality in food industries: A scoping review of the research and guidelines10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108283 ↗
8. Lipoxygenase in fruits and vegetables: A review10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.11.025 ↗
9. Lipoxygenase activity during Pepper ripening and processing of paprika10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95073-8 ↗
10. Onwulata, C. (2005). Encapsulated and Powdered Foods, CRC Press.10.1201/9781420028300 ↗
11. Production of freeze-dried beef powder for complementary food: Effect of temperature control in retaining protein digestibility10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137419 ↗
12. A combination of commercial and traditional food-source-derived enzymatic treatment acts as a potential tool to produce functional yuzu (Citrus junos) powder10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100918 ↗
13. Use of Insect Protein Powder as a Sustainable Alternative to Complement Animal and Plant-Based Protein Contents in Human and Animal Food
14. Oyinloye, T.M., and Yoon, W.B. (2020). Effect of Freeze-Drying on Quality and Grinding Process of Food Produce: A Review. Processes, 8.10.3390/pr8030354 ↗
15. Jung, H., Lee, Y.J., and Yoon, W.B. (2018). Effect of Moisture Content on the Grinding Process and Powder Properties in Food: A Review. Processes, 6.10.3390/pr6060069 ↗
16. Recent advances in processing foods powders by using superfine grinding techniques: A review10.1111/1541-4337.12580 ↗
17. Effect of superfine grinding on structural, morphological and antioxidant properties of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) nano crystalline food powder10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.028 ↗
18. Physicochemical properties and anthocyanin bioaccessibility of downy rose-myrtle powder prepared by superfine grinding10.1080/10942912.2019.1702999 ↗
19. Onwulata, C. (2005). Encapsulated and Powdered Foods, CRC Press.10.1201/9781420028300 ↗
20. Characterisation of food powder flowability10.1016/S0260-8774(98)00140-X ↗
21. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
22. Spray drying technology: An overview10.17485/ijst/2009/v2i10.3 ↗
23. The Spray Drying of Food Flavors10.1081/DRT-120038731 ↗
24. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
25. Spray drying from yesterday to tomorrow: An industrial perspective10.1080/07373937.2018.1517778 ↗
26. Stability of microencapsulated strawberry flavour by spray drying, freeze drying and fluid bed10.1016/j.powtec.2019.03.010 ↗
27. Drying by spray drying in the food industry: Micro-encapsulation, process parameters and main carriers used10.5897/AJFS2015.1279 ↗
28. Development of carrier material for food applications in spray drying technology: An overview10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.140 ↗
29. Powdered honey—Drying methods and parameters, types of carriers and drying aids, physicochemical properties and storage stability10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.019 ↗
30. The effect of glass transition on the desired and undesired agglomeration of amorphous food powders10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.015 ↗
31. Nowak, D., and Jakubczyk, E. (2020). The Freeze-Drying of Foods—The Characteristic of the Process Course and the Effect of Its Parameters on the Physical Properties of Food Materials. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9101488 ↗
32. Bhatta, S., Janezic, T.S., and Ratti, C. (2020). Freeze-Drying of Plant-Based Foods. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9010087 ↗
33. Color change, ascorbic acid degradation kinetics, and rehydration behavior of kiwifruit as effected by different drying methods10.1111/jfpe.13011 ↗
34. Effect of freeze- and spray-drying on physico-chemical characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of papaya pulp10.1007/s13197-018-3124-z ↗
35. Obtaining funcional poder tea from Brazilian ginseng roots: Effects of freeze and spray drying processes on chemical and nutritional quality, morphological and redispersion properties10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.030 ↗
36. Microencapsulation of curcumin by spray drying and freeze drying10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109892 ↗
37. Main powder physicochemical characteristics influencing their reconstitution behavior10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.056 ↗
38. Novel Convenient Method to Determine Wettability and Dispersibility of Dairy Powders10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.6.852 ↗
39. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
40. New approach to model rehydration of dry food particulates utilizing principles of liquid transport in porous media10.1016/j.tifs.2005.07.006 ↗
41. Modeling of shrinkage, rehydration and textural changes for food structural analysis: A review10.1111/jfpe.12073 ↗
42. Effect of milk fat and total solids concentration on the kinetics of moisture uptake by ready-to-eat breakfast cereal10.1046/j.1365-2621.1999.00238.x ↗
43. Rehydration of Dehydrated Foods10.1081/DRT-200054201 ↗
44. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
45. Caking phenomena in amorphous food powders10.1016/S0924-2244(00)89023-8 ↗
46. The influence of particle size on separation and dustiness in powder mixtures during nonelectrostatic and electrostatic coating10.1016/j.elstat.2015.07.001 ↗
47. Ermiş, E., and Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V. (2021). Food Powders Properties and Characterization, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-48908-3 ↗
48. Storage stability, color kinetics and morphology of spray-dried soursop (Annona muricata L.) powder: Effect of anticaking agents10.1080/10942912.2018.1510836 ↗
49. Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of European Cranberrybush Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying10.1080/15538362.2021.1971141 ↗
50. Rehydration of mango powders produced by cast-tape drying, freeze drying, and spray drying10.1080/07373937.2020.1777562 ↗
51. Dziki, D. (2020). Recent Trends in Pretreatment of Food before Freeze-Drying. Processes, 8.10.3390/pr8121661 ↗
52. Influence of osmotic dehydration pre-treatment on oven drying and freeze drying performance10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.012 ↗
53. Osmotic dehydration of foods: Mass transfer and modeling aspects10.1081/FRI-120016208 ↗
54. Innovative pre-treatments to enhance food drying: A current review10.1016/j.cofs.2019.12.001 ↗
55. Effect of composition on physical properties of food powders10.1515/intag-2015-0084 ↗
56. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
57. Study of agglomeration mechanisms of food powders: Application to durum wheat semolina10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.035 ↗
58. Oil encapsulation by spray drying and fluidized bed agglomeration10.1016/j.ifset.2004.11.005 ↗
59. Fluidized bed agglomeration of skim milk powder: Analysis of sampling for the follow-up of agglomerate growth10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.030 ↗
60. Agglomeration of Food Powder and Applications10.1080/10408391003646270 ↗
61. Particle engineering for improved stability and handling properties of carrot concentrate powders using fluidized bed granulation and agglomeration10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.065 ↗
62. Food powder handling and processing: Industry problems, knowledge barriers and research opportunities10.1016/j.cep.2004.03.014 ↗
63. Fat Encapsulation in Spray-Dried Food Powders10.1007/BF02638895 ↗
64. Impact of spray-drying conditions on physicochemical properties and rehydration ability of skim dromedary and cow’s milk powders10.1080/07373937.2020.1828448 ↗
65. McSweeney, D.J., Maidannyk, V., Montgomery, S., O’Mahony, J.A., and McCarthy, N.A. (2020). The Influence of Composition and Manufacturing Approach on the Physical and Rehydration Properties of Milk Protein Concentration Powders. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9020236 ↗
66. Physical properties of yoghurt powder produced by spray drying10.1007/s13197-012-0653-8 ↗
67. Reconstitution behavior of cheese powders: Effect of cheese age and dairy ingredients on wettability, dispersibility and total rehydration10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109763 ↗
68. Comparison of blueberry powder produced via foam-mat freeze-drying versus spray-drying: Evaluation of foam and powder properties10.1002/jsfa.8685 ↗
69. Effect of spray drying on physical properties of sugarcane juice powder (Saccharum officinarum L.)10.1007/s13197-017-2507-x ↗
70. Influence of an Orange Product Composition on the Characteristics of the Obtained Freeze-dried Cake and Powder as Related to Their Consumption Pattern10.1007/s11947-020-02485-y ↗
71. Milk protein interfacial layers and the relationship to emulsion stability and rheology10.1016/S0927-7765(00)00204-6 ↗
72. Yogurt and other fermented foods as sources of health-promoting bacteria10.1093/nutrit/nuy056 ↗
73. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., and Schuck, P. (2013). Handbook of Food Powders: Processes and Properties, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9780857098672 ↗
74. Research Needs and Opportunities in the Dry Conservation of Fruits and Vegetables10.1080/07373939608917155 ↗
75. Fruits, vegetables, and heatlh: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258 ↗
76. Physico-Chemical Properties of Cabbage Powder as Affected by Drying Methods10.1080/07373930701372239 ↗
77. Development of water spinach powder and its characterization10.1007/s13197-021-05058-9 ↗
78. Process optimization of spray drying of beetroot Juice10.1007/s13197-017-2659-8 ↗
79. The effect of partial replacement of maltodextrin with vegetable fibres in spray-dried white asparagus powder on its physical and aroma properties10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129567 ↗
80. Igual, M., Cebadera, L., Cámara, R.M., Agudelo, C., Martínez-Navarrete, N., and Cámara, M. (2019). Novel Ingredients Based on Grapefruit Freeze-Drid Formulations: Nutritional and Bioactive Value. Foods, 8.10.3390/foods8100506 ↗
81. Effects of caffeine on human behavior10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0 ↗
82. Nonalcoholic Beverage Consumption Among Adults: United States, 2015–2018
83. Spray-Freeze-Drying approach for soluble coffee processing and its effect on quality characteristics10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.10.011 ↗
84. Optimization of green tea extracts spray drying as affected by temperature and maltodextrin content
85. Effects of drying on the antioxidant properties of herbal tea from selected Vitex species10.1111/j.1745-4557.2011.00422.x ↗
86. Protein dispersibility of spray-dried whole soybean milk base: Effect of processing variables10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb12651.x ↗
87. Acceptability of drinks prepared with different water-soluble soy extracts10.1590/S0100-204X2007001200016 ↗
88. Spray Drying and Agglomeration of Instant Bayberry Powder10.1080/07373930701781751 ↗
89. Dynamic method to characterize rehydration of powdered cocoa beverage: Influence of sugar nature, quantity and size10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.031 ↗
90. European Commission (2010). Functional Foods, Publications Office of the European Union. Available online: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/82512.
91. Spray drying and storage probiotic-enriched almond milk: Probiotic survival and physicochemical properties10.1002/jsfa.10409 ↗
92. Sodium caseinate-blackcurrant concentrate powder obtained by spray-drying or freeze-drying for delivering structural and health benefits of cookies10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110466 ↗
93. Functionalization of sodium caseinate fortified with blackcurrant concentrate via spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques: The nutritional properties of the fortified particles10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111051 ↗
94. An assessment of the nutraceutical potential of Juglans regia L. leaf powder in diabetic rats10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.056 ↗
95. The mixture of soybean powder and dragon fruit peel powder as high fiber functional drink10.1088/1755-1315/411/1/012044 ↗
96. Physiological Effects of Water-soluble Soybean Fiber in Rats10.1271/bbb.63.1340 ↗
97. Circular reuse of bio-resources: The role of Pleurotus spp. in the development of functional foods10.1039/C7FO01747B ↗
98. Incorporation of dietary fibre-rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) powder improved postprandial glycaemic response by interfering with starch granule structure and starch digestibility of biscuit10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.108 ↗
99. Effects of Incorporation of Jackfruit Rind Powder on Chemical and Functional Properties of Bread10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.8 ↗