Effects of Sintering Temperature and Yttria Content on Microstructure, Phase Balance, Fracture Surface Morphology, and Strength of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia
Source abstract
Abstract
Currently, ceramics are widely used in various industry branches, especially in energy, chemistry, and aerospace, as well as in medicine. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) having unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties is one of the most popular ceramics for such applications. In this study, the influence of sintering temperature and yttria percentage on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of YSZ ceramics have been investigated. Corresponding mixtures of ZrO2 powder doped with 3 and 6 mol% Y2O3 powders (hereinafter: 3YSZ and 6YSZ) were prepared, and a series of ceramic specimens were sintered in argon at 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C for 2 h. Changes in the morphology and size of microstructural components as well as their distribution were analyzed with respect to the sintering mode, phase composition, flexural strength, and fracture surface morphology. The 3YSZ and 6YSZ ceramics sintered for 2 h at 1550 °C and 1450 °C, respectively, exhibited the highest levels of strength due to the presence of agglomerates of fine tetragonal zirconia phase particles with high bond strength, as well as larger grains of the monoclinic zirconia phase. The dominant fracture micromechanisms in both the 3YSZ and 6YSZ ceramics related to their high strength are discussed.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Nuclear materials and radiation effects · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Department of Materials Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 14 Racławickie Al., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Department of Hydrogen Technologies and Alternative Energy Materials, Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, 5 Naukova Str., 79060 Lviv, Ukraine
Funding
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. The tetragonal-monoclinic transformation in zirconia: Lessons learned and future trends10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03278.x ↗
2. Zirconia implants: Is there a future?10.1007/s40496-018-0187-x ↗
3. Phase transformation and lattice parameter changes of non-trivalent rare earth-doped YSZ as a function of temperature10.1007/s11665-018-3159-3 ↗
4. Toughening of nontransformable t’-YSZ by addition of titania10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01990.x ↗
5. Phase-structural composition of coating obtained by pulsed plasma treatment using eroded cathode of T1 high speed steel
6. Defect engineering in development of low thermal conductivity materials: A review10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.07.036 ↗
7. Influence of treatment temperature on microstructure and properties of YSZ–NiO anode materials10.1186/s11671-016-1306-z ↗
8. A ceramic electrode of ZrO2-Y2O3 for the generation of oxidant species in anodic oxidation. Assessment of the treatment of Acid Blue 29 dye in sulfate and chloride media10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115747 ↗
9. Chabak, Y., Efremenko, V., Zurnadzhy, V., Puchý, V., Petryshynets, I., Efremenko, B., Fedun, V., Shimizu, K., Bogomol, I., and Kulyk, V. (2022). Structural and tribological studies of “(TiC+WC)/Hardened Steel” PMMC coating deposited by air pulsed plasma. Metals, 12.10.3390/met12020218 ↗
10. Surface microstructure-controlled ZrO2 for highly sensitive room-temperature NO2 sensors10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.02.001 ↗
11. Study of the degradation of a fine-grained YSZ–NiO anode material during reduction in hydrogen and reoxidation in air10.1007/s13204-021-01768-w ↗
12. Estimation of the effect of redox treatment on microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of anode materials of YSZ–NiO(Ni) system
13. Vladislavova, L., Smolorz, T., Orlovskaya, N., Lugovy, M., Reece, M.J., Köbel, S., Kopia, A., Makowska, M., Graule, T., and Blugan, G. (2021). Strength analysis and stress-strain deformation behavior of 3 mol% Y-TZP and 21 wt.% Al2O3-3 mol% Y-TZP. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14143903 ↗
14. Dense and strong ZrO2 ceramics fully densified in <15 min10.1080/17436753.2018.1449580 ↗
15. Stability of nanocrystalline spark plasma sintered 3Y-TZP10.3390/ma3020800 ↗
16. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics10.1016/j.dental.2003.05.002 ↗
17. Tougher zirconia nanoceramics with less yttria10.1080/17436753.2018.1445464 ↗
18. Differences in microstructure and mechanical properties between Y-TZP and AL2O3-doped Y-TZP/bioglass ceramics10.1111/ijac.13864 ↗
19. The effect of zirconia sintering temperature on flexural strength, grain size, and contrast ratio10.1007/s00784-012-0692-6 ↗
20. Effect of different sintering process on flexural strength of translucency monolithic zirconia
21. What future for zirconia as a biomaterial?10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.034 ↗
22. Effects of the sintering conditions of dental zirconia ceramics on the grain size and translucency10.4047/jap.2013.5.2.161 ↗
23. Zirconia based dental ceramics: Structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications10.1039/C6DT03484E ↗
24. Fatigue behavior of Y-TZP ceramic after surface treatments10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.042 ↗
25. Structural studies of zirconia and yttria doped zirconia for analysing it phase stabilization criteria10.1088/1757-899X/1033/1/012052 ↗
26. Stabilization of tetragonal phase in polycrystalline zirconia10.1007/BF00553928 ↗
27. Phase relationships in the zirconia–yttria system10.1007/BF01031853 ↗
28. Critical effect of cubic phase on aging in 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics for hip replacement prosthesis10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.002 ↗
29. A critical comparison of methods for the determination of the aging sensitivity in biomedical grade yttria-stabilized zirconia10.1002/jbm.b.30123 ↗
30. Fatigue of zirconia under cycling loading in water and its implications for the design of dental bridges10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.008 ↗
31. Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of air plasma-sprayed ceria–yttria co-stabilized zirconia coatings10.1111/j.1475-1305.2009.00659.x ↗
32. Structure and thermal properties of heat treated plasma sprayed ceria–yttria co-stabilized zirconia coatings10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.10.020 ↗
33. Crystal structure and thermomechanical properties of CaO-PSZ ceramics synthesised from fused ZrO210.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.079 ↗
34. Phase stability and microstructure morphology of microwave-sintered magnesia-partially stabilised zirconia10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.09.281 ↗
35. Phase transformation and slow crack growth study of Y-TZP dental ceramic10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.026 ↗
36. Zirconia as a dental biomaterial10.3390/ma8084978 ↗
37. Effect of the concentration of zirconium dioxide on the fracture resistance of Al2O3–ZrO2 ceramics10.1007/BF00558793 ↗
38. Some features of formation of the structural strength of ceramic materials10.1007/BF02355530 ↗
39. Effects of yttria content and sintering temperature on the microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of yttria-stabilized zirconia10.5604/01.3001.0015.2625 ↗
40. Kulyk, V., Duriagina, Z., Vasyliv, B., Vavrukh, V., Kovbasiuk, T., Lyutyy, P., and Vira, V. (2022). The effect of sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15082707 ↗
41. The influence of yttria content on the microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties of dental zirconia10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.079 ↗
42. Kulyk, V., Duriagina, Z., Kostryzhev, A., Vasyliv, B., Vavrukh, V., and Marenych, O. (2022). The effect of yttria content on microstructure, strength, and fracture behavior of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15155212 ↗
43. Effect of phase structure on sintering behavior of zirconia nanopowders10.1111/jace.12624 ↗
44. Theoretically dense and nanostructured ceramics by pressureless sintering of nanosized Y-TZP powders10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00099-3 ↗
45. Gere, J.M., and Timoshenko, S.P. (1997). Mechanics of Materials, PWS Publishing Company. [4th ed.].
46. Nonaka, K., Teramae, M., and Pezzotti, G. (2022). Evaluation of the effect of high-speed sintering on the properties of 5 mol% yttria stabilized dental zirconia sintered bodies. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15165685 ↗
47. Wojteczko, K., Pędzich, Z., Zientara, D., Berent, K., and Haberko, K. (2021). Phenomena occurring upon the sintering of a mixture of yttria–zirconia nanometric powder and sub-micrometric pure zirconia powder. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14226937 ↗