journal article·2021-12-03Open access

Development Progress of 3–5 μm Mid-Infrared Lasers: OPO, Solid-State and Fiber Laser

Tingwei Ren, Chunting Wu, Yongji Yu, Tongyu Dai, Fei Chen, Qikun Pan

Applied Sciences· Volume 11· Issue 23

Abstract

A 3–5 μm mid-infrared band is a good window for atmospheric transmission. It has the advantages of high contrast and strong penetration under high humidity conditions. Therefore, it has important applications in the fields of laser medicine, laser radar, environmental monitoring, remote sensing, molecular spectroscopy, industrial processing, space communication and photoelectric confrontation. In this paper, the application background of mid-infrared laser is summarized. The ways to realize mid-infrared laser output are described by optical parametric oscillation, mid-infrared solid-state laser doped with different active ions and fiber laser doped with different rare earth ions. The advantages and disadvantages of various mid-infrared lasers are briefly described. The technical approaches, schemes and research status of mid-infrared lasers are introduced.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Solid State Laser Technologies · Spectroscopy and Laser Applications · Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China

Funding

Jilin Province Science and Technology Department

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Development of Mid-Infrared Solid Laser Doped with ZnSe as Matrix Material
2. Review of Mid-Infrared Laser Materials Directly Pumped by Laser-Diode
3. Qin, X. (2015). Studies on the Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator, Zhejiang University.
4. Mid-infrared Parametric Oscillator with 3.76 μm Output
5. Comparison of LiNbO3 with KTP optical parametric oscillator operating in mid-infrared spectrum
6. Gang, R. (2006). Studies on the Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Oseillators and Their Applications, Sichuan University.
7. Synchronously pumped mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator with an output power exceeding 1 W at 4.5 μm10.1007/s00340-010-4342-x ↗
8. Continuous-wave Mid-infrared Intra—cavity Singly Resonant PPLN—PO Under 880 nm In-band Pumping10.1364/OE.20.008041 ↗
9. High Power Mid-infrared MgO:PPLN Optical Parametric Oscillator
10. Yb-fiber-pumped, High-beam-quality, Idler-resonant Mid-infrared Picosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator10.1364/OE.27.025436 ↗
11. Low-threshold Mid-infrared MgO:PPLN Optical Parametric Generation with High Reflectivity Mirror for Signal Wavelength10.3788/COL20080603.0204 ↗
12. Investigation of Quasi-Phase-Matched Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on PPMgLN10.3788/CJL20083505.0670 ↗
13. High repetition frequency PPMgOLN mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator10.1002/lapl.201010040 ↗
14. An All-fibre PM MOPA pumped high-power OPO at 3.82 μm based on large aperture PPMgLN
15. High-repetition-rate Tunable Mid-infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on MgO: Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061604 ↗
16. Chen, T. (2014). Investigation on the Advanced Quasi-Phase-Matching Optical Parametric Oscillators, Zhejiang University.
17. Supercontinuum—Seeded Few-cycle Mid-infrared Opcpa System10.1364/OE.24.026494 ↗
18. High average power parametric wavelength conversion at 331–348 μm in MgO:PPLN10.1364/OE.25.006421 ↗
19. Wide Tunable Contunuous—Wave Mid Infrared Intro-cavity Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on Multi—Period MgO:PPLN
20. Widely tunable, high-energy, mid-infrared (2.2–4.8 μm) laser based on a multi—Grating MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103121 ↗
21. Room temperature watt-level 3.87 µm MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator under pumping with a Tm:YAP laser10.1364/OE.409093 ↗
22. High efficiency mid-infrared 3.8 μm MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator pumped by narrow linewidth 1064 nm fiber laser10.37188/CO.2020-0169 ↗
23. Miniaturized Widely Tunable MgO:PPLN Nanosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator
24. Narrowband Widely Tunable Cw Mid-infrared Generator Based on Difference Frequency Generation in Periodically Poled KTP and KTA Crystals10.1007/s11082-016-0556-4 ↗
25. 100-kHz, dual-beam OPA delivering high-quality, 5-cycle angular-dispersion-compensated mid-infrared idler pulses at 31 µm10.1364/OE.26.025793 ↗
26. High average power 200 fs mid-infrared KTP optical parametric oscillator tunable from 2.61 to 3.84 μm
27. High efficiency mid-infrared KTA extracavity optical parametric oscillator
28. Experimental study on mid-infrared KTA optical parametric oscillator
29. LD end-pumped Nd:YLF/KTA continuous-wave optical parameter oscillator10.3788/HPLPB20132506.1341 ↗
30. A high energy 3.75 µm KTA optical parametric oscillator at a critical angle10.1088/1612-2011/10/7/075407 ↗
31. Generation of High Beam Quality, High-energy and Broadband Tunable Mid-infrared Pulse From a KTA Optical Parametric Amplifier10.1016/j.optcom.2015.12.001 ↗
32. Watt-level widely tunable femtosecond mid-infrared KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator pumped by a 103 µm Yb:KGW laser10.1364/OL.43.000943 ↗
33. Compact 12 mJ Mid-ir Pulsed Source Using an Intracavity Kta Opo Followed By a Csp Opa [C]//Solid State Lasers Xxix: Technology and Devices
34. 100 Hz High-Energy KTA Dual-Wavelength Optical Parametric Oscillator
35. Third harmonic generation of CO2 laser radiation in AgGaSe2 crystal10.1007/s12043-000-0070-9 ↗
36. Experiments of second harmonic generation of 9.3 µm pulsed CO2 lasers
37. Third-harmonic generation in AgGaSe2 crystals based on CO2 laser
38. AgGaS2 Infrared Parametric Oscillator10.1063/1.95275 ↗
39. Nanosecond AgGaS2 optical parametric oscillator with more than 4 micron output10.1143/JJAP.36.L1661 ↗
40. AgGaS2 optical parametric oscillator continuously tunable from 3.9 to 11.3 µm10.1063/1.124642 ↗
41. Wide-tunable, High-energy AgGaS2 Optical Parametric Oscillator10.1364/OE.14.013001 ↗
42. A 22-watt Mid-infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator with V-shaped 3-mirror Ring Resonator10.1364/OE.18.026475 ↗
43. Mid-infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on ZnGeP2 Pumped by 2 µm laser
44. 99 W mid-IR operation of a ZGP OPO at 25% Duty Cycle10.1364/OE.21.010062 ↗
45. High Peak-power Mid-infrared ZnGeP2 Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped By a Tm:fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier System10.1364/OL.39.001212 ↗
46. A 41 W ZnGeP2 Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped By a Q-switched Ho:YAG Laser10.1364/OL.39.006589 ↗
47. 26 W Mid-Infrared Solid-State Laser
48. High-pulse-energy mid-infrared fractional-image-rotation-enhancement ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator10.1364/OL.41.002596 ↗
49. Mid-infrared ZGP-OPO with a high optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 757%10.1364/OE.25.003373 ↗
50. Widely Tunable Middle Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped By the Q-switched Ho:GdVO4 Laser10.1088/0256-307X/35/5/054205 ↗
51. Qian, C. (2019). Research On The High Power HO:YAG Laser and Its Application to Pump the Mid-And Long-Wave Infrared Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology.
52. Liu, J. (2019). Study on All Solid-State High Beam Quality Mid-Infrared ZnGeP2 Optical Parametric Oscillator, Changchun University of Science and Technology.
53. Beam Quality and Efficiency of Ns-pulsed High-power Mid-ir Zgp Opos Compared in Linear and Non-planar Ring Resonators10.1364/OE.430717 ↗
54. High-power and high-efficiency 4.3 µm ZGP-OPO10.3788/COL202220.011403 ↗
55. Development progress of Fe2+: ZnSe lasers10.37188/CO.2020-0180 ↗
56. Yan, C. (2008). Experimental Studies on Cr: ZnSe Laser Pumped By 2 µm Lasers, Harbin Institute of Technology.
57. Energy Scaling of 4.3 µm Room Temperature Fe: ZnSe Laser10.1364/OL.36.000094 ↗
58. 840 mW Continuous-wave Fe:ZnSe Laser Operating at 4140 nm10.1364/OL.37.005021 ↗
59. Study of a 2 J pulsed Fe:ZnSe 4 µm lasel10.1088/1612-2011/10/12/125001 ↗
60. Mid-infrared Laser Emission from Fe: ZnSe Cladding Waveguides10.1063/1.4927384 ↗
61. Mirov, S., Fedorov, V., Martyshkin, D., Moskalev, I., Mirov, M., and Vasilyev, S. (2015). High Average Power Fe:ZnSe and Cr:ZnSe Mid-IR Solid State Lasers. Advanced Solid State Lasers, Optical Society of America.10.1364/ASSL.2015.AW4A.1 ↗
62. Repetitively Pulsed Fe: ZnSe Laser with an Average Output Power of 20 W at Room Temperature of the Polycrystalline Active Element10.1070/QEL16324 ↗
63. High-energy Thermoelectrically Cooled Fe: ZnSe Laser Tunable Over 375–482 µm10.1364/OL.43.000623 ↗
64. Study of a Room Temperature, Monocrystalline Fe: Znse Laser, Pumped By a High-energy, Free-running Er: Yag Laser10.1088/1555-6611/ab2be3 ↗
65. A Gain-switched Fe: ZnSe Laser Pumped By a Pulsed Ho, Pr: LLF Laser
66. Fe:znse Laser Pumped By a 2.93 μm Cr, Er:yag Laser
67. 40 kHz,20 ns acousto-optically Q-switched 4 μm Fe: ZnSe laser pumped by fluoride fiber laser10.1364/OL.391365 ↗
68. Femtosecond graphene mode-locked Fe:ZnSe laser at 4.4 µm10.1364/OL.384300 ↗
69. Transversal Parasitic Oscillation Suppression in High Gain Pulsed Fe2+: ZnSe Laser at Room Temperature10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106151 ↗
70. Room temperature, nanosecond, 60 mJ/pulse Fe: ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier system operating over 3.8–5.0 µm10.1364/OE.416574 ↗
71. Intracavity—pumped Cr2+: ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm10.1364/OL.31.002293 ↗
72. High-power Single-frequency Tunable Cw Er-fiber Laser Pumped Cr2+: ZnSe Laser
73. Sorokin, E., Sorokina, I.T., Mirov, M.S., Fedorov, V.V., Moskalev, I.S., and Mirov, S.B. (2010). Ultrabroad Continuous-Wave Tuning of Ceramic Cr: ZnSe and Cr: ZnS Lasers. Advanced Solid-State Photonics 2010 Advanced Solid-State Photonics 2010, Optical Society of America.10.1364/ASSP.2010.AMC2 ↗
74. Mid-infrared Tunable Pulsed Laser Based on Cr2+ doped Ii–vi Chalcogenide10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126341 ↗
75. Research Progress of Mid-Infrared Rare Earth Ion—Doped Fiber Lasers at 3 µm10.3788/LOP56.170605 ↗
76. Sujecki, S. (2018). Modelling and Design of Lanthanide Ion-doped Chalcogenide Fiber Lasers: Progress Towards the Practical Realization of the First Mir Chalcogenide Fiber Laser. Fibers, 6.10.3390/fib6020025 ↗
77. Mid-infrared fiber lasers at and beyond 35 μm using dual-wavelength pumping10.1364/OL.39.000493 ↗
78. Watt-level Passively Q-switched Heavily Er3+: ZBLAN Fiber Laser with a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror10.1038/srep26659 ↗
79. Black Phosphorus Q-switched and Mode-locked Mid-infrared Er: ZBLAN Fiber Laser at 3.5 μm Wavelength10.1364/OE.26.008224 ↗
80. 3.42 μm lasing in heavily-erbium-doped fluoride fibers10.1364/OE.27.002170 ↗
81. Widely Tunable Gain-switched Er3+ doped Zrf4 Fiber Laser from 3.4 to 3.7 μm10.1109/LPT.2020.3022428 ↗
82. 3.46 μm Q-switched Er3+: Zblan Fiber Laser Based on a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107131 ↗
83. High-power Diode-pumped Fiber Laser Operating at 3 μm10.1364/OL.36.003642 ↗
84. Dual Wavelength Q-switched Cascade Laser10.1364/OL.37.002208 ↗
85. Fe2+: Znse and Graphene Q-switched Singly Ho3+: ZBLAN Fiber Lasers at 3 μm10.1364/OME.3.001365 ↗
86. Room-temperature fiber laser at 392 μm
87. Zhou, F. (2021). Fundamental Research on Ho3+ and Dy3+ doped Fluoride Fiber Lasers in 4 μm Band, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
88. Highly Efficient Mid-infrared Dysprosium Fiber Laser10.1364/OL.41.002173 ↗
89. Dysprosium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser tunable from 2.8 μm to 3.4 μm, pumped at 1.7 μm10.1364/OL.43.000971 ↗
90. 10-W-level monolithic dysprosium-doped fiber laser at 324 μm10.1364/OL.44.000491 ↗
91. 1.4 W In-band Pumped Dy3+ doped Gain-switched Fiber Laser at 3.24 µm10.1364/OL.398425 ↗
92. 3.77 μm Fiber Laser Based on Cascaded Raman Gain in a Chalcogenide Glass Fiber10.1364/OL.39.002052 ↗
93. Modeling and Simulation of a Mid-ir 4.3 µm Raman Laser in Chalcogenide Glass Fibers10.1364/OSAC.2.002281 ↗
94. Towards Ten-watt-level 3–5 M Raman Lasers Using Tellurite Fiber10.1364/OE.23.007559 ↗
95. Structured Active Fiber Fabrication and Characterization of a Chemically High-purified Dy3+-doped Chalcogenide Glass10.1111/jace.16921 ↗
96. First Demonstration Of ~5 µm Laser Action in Terbium-doped Selenide Glass10.1007/s00340-020-07473-w ↗
97. Resonantly Pumped Ce3+ Mid-infrared Lasing in Selenide Glass10.1364/OL.431938 ↗
98. Mid-infrared laser performance of Ce3+-doped selenide glass10.1364/OE.433828 ↗
99. Room Temperature Mid-infrared Fiber Lasing Beyond 5 µm in Chalcogenide Glass Small-core Step Index Fiber10.1364/OL.430891 ↗
100. Laser Potential of Pr3+ Doped Chalcogenide Glass in 5–6 µm Spectral Range10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120592 ↗