Bone: An Outstanding Composite Material
Source abstract
Abstract
Bone is an outstanding, well-designed composite. It is constituted by a multi-level structure wherein its properties and behavior are dependent on its composition and structural organization at different length scales. The combination of unique mechanical properties with adaptive and self-healing abilities makes bone an innovative model for the future design of synthetic biomimetic composites with improved performance in bone repair and regeneration. However, the relation between structure and properties in bone is very complex. In this review article, we intend to describe the hierarchical organization of bone on progressively greater scales and present the basic concepts that are fundamental to understanding the arrangement-based mechanical properties at each length scale and their influence on bone’s overall structural behavior. The need for a better understanding of bone’s intricate composite structure is also highlighted.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Bone health and osteoporosis research · Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
DEMec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering (DEMaC), CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Polytechnique Institute of Cávado and Ave, School of Technology, Campus do IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal
Institute for Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
LEPABE—Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Funding
European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program · FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) · Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) · FCT
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