journal article·2020-08-07Open access

Feasibility of Low-Cost Thermal Imaging for Monitoring Water Stress in Young and Mature Sweet Cherry Trees

Pedro José Blaya-Ros, Víctor Blanco, Rafael Domingo, Fulgencio Soto-Valles, Roque Torres-Sánchez

Applied Sciences· Volume 10· Issue 16

Abstract

Infrared thermography has been introduced as an affordable tool for plant water status monitoring, especially in regions where water availability is the main limiting factor in agricultural production. This paper outlines the potential applications of low-cost thermal imaging devices to evaluate the water status of young and mature sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) submitted to water stress. Two treatments per plot were assayed: (i) a control treatment irrigated to ensure non-limiting soil water conditions; and (ii) a water-stress treatment. The seasonal evolution of the temperature of the canopy (Tc) and the difference between Tc and air temperature (ΔT) were compared and three thermal indices were calculated: crop water stress index (CWSI), degrees above control treatment (DAC) and degrees above non-water-stressed baseline (DANS). Midday stem water potential (Ψstem) was used as the reference indicator of water stress and linear relationships of Tc, ΔT, CWSI, DAC and DANS with Ψstem were discussed in order to assess their sensitivity to quantify water stress. CWSI and DANS exhibited strong relationships with Ψstem and two regression lines to young and mature trees were found. The promising results obtained highlight that using low-cost infrared thermal devices can be used to determine the plant water status in sweet cherry trees.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics · Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control · Irrigation Practices and Water Management

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Dpto Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, E30203 Cartagena, Spain

Dpto Automática, Ingeniería Eléctrica y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Campus de la Muralla s/n, E30202 Cartagena, Spain

Funding

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad · Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología

References (58)

Show source-provided references
1. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use10.1093/jxb/erl165 ↗
2. Thermal imaging to monitor the crop-water status in almonds by using the non-water stress baselines10.1016/j.scienta.2018.04.045 ↗
3. Review. Deficit irrigation in fruit trees and vines in Spain10.5424/sjar/201008S2-1343 ↗
4. EUROSTAT (2019). Structure of Orchards in 2017, Eurostat Press Office. Newsrelease 32/2019.
5. Vegetative and reproductive response of ‘Prime Giant’ sweet cherry trees to regulated deficit irrigation10.1016/j.scienta.2019.02.016 ↗
6. Postharvest regulated deficit irrigation in “Summit” sweet cherry: Fruit yield and quality in the following season10.1007/s00271-009-0174-z ↗
7. Water relations and quality changes throughout fruit development and shelf life of sweet cherry grown under regulated deficit irrigation10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.028 ↗
8. Soil and plant water indicators for deficit irrigation management of field-grown sweet cherry trees10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.021 ↗
9. Plant water status as an index of irrigation need in deciduous fruit trees10.21273/HORTTECH.7.1.23 ↗
10. Irrigation scheduling and evaluation of tree water status in deciduous orchards
11. Remote management of deficit irrigation in almond trees based on maximum daily trunk shrinkage. Water relations and yield10.1016/j.agwat.2013.04.013 ↗
12. Use of infrared thermography for monitoring stomatal closure in the field: Application to grapevine10.1093/jxb/erf083 ↗
13. Sánchez-Moreiras, A.M., and Reigosa, M.J. (2018). Thermal imaging and infrared sensing in plant ecophysiology. Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques, Springer. [1st ed.].10.1007/978-3-319-93233-0 ↗
14. Comparison of canopy temperature-based water stress indices for maize10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.023 ↗
15. Conventional and simplified canopy temperature indices predict water stress in sunflower10.1016/j.agwat.2014.06.003 ↗
16. Thermal imaging at plant level to assess the crop-water status in almond trees (cv. Guara) under deficit irrigation strategies10.1016/j.agwat.2018.06.002 ↗
17. Remote-Sensing of Crop Yields10.1126/science.196.4285.19 ↗
18. Normalizing the stress-degree-day parameter for environmental variability10.1016/0002-1571(81)90032-7 ↗
19. Canopy temperature as a Crop Water Stress Indicator10.1029/WR017i004p01133 ↗
20. Conesa, M.R., Conejero, W., Vera, J., Ramírez-Cuesta, J.M., and Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. (2019). Terrestrial and remote indexes to assess moderate deficit irrigation in early-maturing nectarine trees. Agronomy, 9.10.3390/agronomy9100630 ↗
21. Can we water crops with our phones? Smartphone technology application to infrared thermography for use in irrigation management
22. García-Tejero, I.F., Ortega-Arévalo, C.J., Iglesias-Contreras, M., Moreno, J.M., Souza, L., Tavira, S.C., and Durán-Zuazo, V.H. (2018). Assessing the crop-water status in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) trees via thermal imaging camera connected to smartphone. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18041050 ↗
23. Giménez-Gallego, J., González-Teruel, J.D., Jiménez-Buendía, M., Toledo-Moreo, A.B., Soto-Valles, F., and Torres-Sánchez, R. (2020). Segmentation of multiple tree leaves pictures with natural backgrounds using deep learning for image-based agriculture applications. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10010202 ↗
24. Noguera, M., Millán, B., Pérez-Paredes, J.J., Ponce, J.M., Aquino, A., and Andújar, J.M. (2020). A new low-cost device based on thermal infrared sensors for olive tree canopy temperature measurement and water status monitoring. Remote Sens., 12.10.3390/rs12040723 ↗
25. Scaling of thermal images at different spatial resolution: The mixed pixel problem10.3390/agronomy4030380 ↗
26. Blanco, V., Blaya-Ros, P.J., Torres-Sanchez, R., and Domingo, R. (2020). Influence of regulated deficit Irrigation and environmental conditions on reproductive response of sweet cherry trees. Plants, 9.10.3390/plants9010094 ↗
27. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Crop Evapotranspiration. Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, FAO.
28. Marsal, J. (2012). FAO irrigation and drainage paper 66. Crop Yield Response Water. Sweet Cherry, FAO.
29. Drip irrigation saves money in young almond orchards
30. Stem-water Potential as a Sensitive Indicator of Water Stress in Prune Trees (Prunus domestica L. cv. French)10.21273/JASHS.117.4.607 ↗
31. Thermography to explore plant-environment interactions10.1093/jxb/ert029 ↗
32. Thermal imaging as a viable tool for monitoring plant stress
33. Sensitivity of thermal imaging and infrared thermometry to detect water status changes in Euonymus japonica plants irrigated with saline reclaimed water10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.02.014 ↗
34. Use of thermography for quantitative studies of spatial and temporal variation of stomatal conductance over leaf surfaces10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00468.x ↗
35. A practical method using a network of fixed infrared sensors for estimating crop canopy conductance and evaporation rate10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.012 ↗
36. Canopy temperature and crop water stress10.1016/B978-0-12-024301-3.50009-5 ↗
37. Evaluation of the response of maximum daily shrinkage in young cherry trees submitted to water stress cycles in a greenhouse10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.027 ↗
38. Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees10.1016/j.agwat.2010.11.005 ↗
39. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the water relations of Prunus avium and Colt’ (P. avium L. x P. pseudocerasus Lind.) in the nursery, and residual effects after outplanting10.1080/14620316.1995.11515293 ↗
40. Effects of regulated post-harvest irrigation strategies on yield, fruit quality and water productivity in a drip-irrigated cherry orchard10.1080/01140671.2020.1721544 ↗
41. Usefulness of thermography for plant water stress detection in citrus and persimmon trees10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.08.005 ↗
42. Infrared canopy temperature of early-ripening peach trees under postharvest deficit irrigation10.1016/j.agwat.2010.06.014 ↗
43. Almond tree canopy temperature reveals intra-crown variability that is water stress-dependent
44. Leaf temperature in sweet orange plants under field condition:influence of meteorlogical elements
45. Environmental and stomatal control of transpiration, canopy conductance and decoupling coefficient in young lemon trees under shading net10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.007 ↗
46. Mira-García, A.B., Conejero, W., Vera, J., and Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. (2020). Leaf water relations in lime trees grown under shade netting and open-air. Plants, 9.10.3390/plants9040510 ↗
47. Crop water stress in peach orchards and relationships with soil moisture content in a chernozem of dobrogea10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000492 ↗
48. Transpiration from canopy temperature: Implications for the assessment of crop yield in almond orchards10.1016/j.eja.2019.01.010 ↗
49. Park, S., Ryu, D., Fuentes, S., Chung, H., Hernández-Montes, E., and O’Connell, M. (2017). Adaptive estimation of crop water stress in nectarine and peach orchards using high-resolution imagery from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Remote Sens., 9.10.3390/rs9080828 ↗
50. Bellvert, J., Adeline, K., Baram, S., Pierce, L., Sanden, B.L., and Smart, D.R. (2018). Monitoring crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficients over an almond and pistachio orchard throughout remote sensing. Remote Sens., 10.10.20944/preprints201810.0566.v1 ↗
51. Tree species diversity affects canopy leaf temperatures in a mature temperate forest10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.05.007 ↗
52. Approach to assess infrared thermal imaging of almond trees under water-stress conditions10.1051/fruits/2012040 ↗
53. Determination of water use and water stress of cherry trees based on canopy temperature, leaf water potential and resistance
54. Tree water status and growth of saplings and mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) at a dry distribution limit10.3389/fpls.2015.00703 ↗
55. Could trunk diameter sensors be used in woody crops for irrigation scheduling? A review of current knowledge and future perspectives10.1016/j.agwat.2009.09.008 ↗
56. Bellvert, J., Marsal, J., Girona, J., Gonzalez-Dugo, V., Fereres, E., Ustin, S.L., and Zarco-Tejada, P.J. (2016). Airborne thermal imagery to detect the seasonal evolution of crop water status in peach, nectarine and Saturn peach orchards. Remote Sens., 8.10.3390/rs8010039 ↗
57. Evaluating the performance of xanthophyll, chlorophyll and structure-sensitive spectral indices to detect water stress in five fruit tree species10.1007/s11119-017-9512-y ↗
58. Applicability and limitations of using the crop water stress index as an indicator of water deficits in citrus orchards