Microencapsulation of Polyphenols and Their Application in Food Technology
Source abstract
Abstract
Microencapsulation of polyphenols is an innovative approach in food technology by which to protect these bioactive compounds from degradation and increase their bioavailability. Polyphenols, naturally occurring in plants, exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, which make them valuable functional ingredients in foods. However, their susceptibility to external factors, such as light, temperature and pH, presents a significant challenge for their incorporation into food products. Microencapsulation, based on various techniques and carriers such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids, allows polyphenols to be stabilized and released in a controlled manner in the digestive system. This article reviews the different microencapsulation techniques, carrier properties, and the applications of microencapsulated polyphenols in food products, including bakery, dairy and functional beverages. Additionally, the article discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this technology, highlighting its potential to improve the stability, nutritional value and sensory acceptance of food products.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microencapsulation and Drying Processes · Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Technique and Food Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159 C Building 32, Office 0120, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Funding
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education · the Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences · Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS)
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Alu’datt, M.H., Alrosan, M., Gammoh, S., Tranchant, C.C., Alhamad, M.N., Rababah, T., Zghoul, R., Alzoubi, H., Ghatasheh, S., and Ghozlan, K. (2022). Encapsulation-Based Technologies for Bioactive Compounds and Their Application in the Food Industry: A Roadmap for Food-Derived Functional and Health-Promoting Ingredients. Food Biosci., 50.10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101971 ↗
2. Current Status and Future Prospects of Bioactive Molecules Delivered through Sustainable Encapsulation Techniques for Food Fortification10.1039/D3FB00015J ↗
3. Aatif, M. (2023). Current Understanding of Polyphenols to Enhance Bioavailability for Better Therapies. Biomedicines, 11.10.3390/biomedicines11072078 ↗
4. Spray Drying Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds within Protein-Based Carriers; Different Options and Applications10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129965 ↗
5. Qazi, H.J., Ye, A., Acevedo-Fani, A., and Singh, H. (2024). Delivery of Encapsulated Bioactive Compounds within Food Matrices to the Digestive Tract: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1–22.10.1080/10408398.2024.2353366 ↗
6. Bińkowska, W., Szpicer, A., Wojtasik-Kalinowska, I., and Półtorak, A. (2024). Innovative Methods of Encapsulation and Enrichment of Cereal-Based Pasta Products with Biofunctional Compounds. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14041442 ↗
7. A Review on Advanced Microencapsulation Technology to Enhance Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds: Based on Its Activity in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.026 ↗
8. Effect of Novel Technologies on Polyphenols during Food Processing10.1016/j.ifset.2017.12.006 ↗
9. Effect of PLA Films Containing Propolis Ethanolic Extract, Cellulose Nanoparticle and Ziziphora Clinopodioides Essential Oil on Chemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties of Minced Beef10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.015 ↗
10. Piñón-Balderrama, C.I., Leyva-Porras, C., Terán-Figueroa, Y., Espinosa-Solís, V., Álvarez-Salas, C., and Saavedra-Leos, M.Z. (2020). Encapsulation of Active Ingredients in Food Industry by Spray-Drying and Nano Spray-Drying Technologies. Processes, 8.10.3390/pr8080889 ↗
11. Phenolic Compounds: Current Industrial Applications, Limitations and Future Challenges10.1039/D0FO02324H ↗
12. Formulation of Active Food Packaging by Design: Linking Composition of the Film-Forming Solution to Properties of the Chitosan-Based Film by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Modelling10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.186 ↗
13. Pittari, E., Moio, L., and Piombino, P. (2021). Interactions between Polyphenols and Volatile Compounds in Wine: A Literature Review on Physicochemical and Sensory Insights. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11031157 ↗
14. Andargie, M., Vinas, M., Rathgeb, A., Möller, E., and Karlovsky, P. (2021). Lignans of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 26.10.3390/molecules26040883 ↗
15. Role of Phenolic Acid, Tannins, Stilbenes, Lignans and Flavonoids in Human Health—A Review10.1111/ijfs.15936 ↗
16. High Value-Added Compounds from Fruit and Vegetable by-Products–Characterization, Bioactivities, and Application in the Development of Novel Food Products10.1080/10408398.2019.1572588 ↗
17. Marine Algae Colorants: Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic Properties and Applications in Food Industry10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898 ↗
18. Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Chokeberry Juice on Cellular Antioxidant Enzymes and Membrane Lipid Status in Healthy Women10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.019 ↗
19. The Synergistic Effect of Citrus Bergamia and Cynara Cardunculus Extracts on Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.004 ↗
20. Mokra, D., Joskova, M., and Mokry, J. (2023). Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.10.3390/ijms24010340 ↗
21. Tang, G., Xu, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, N., Li, H., and Feng, Y. (2021). Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (Nafld): Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Mechanism. Antioxidants, 10.10.3390/antiox10071076 ↗
22. Brglez Mojzer, E., Knez Hrnčič, M., Škerget, M., Knez, Ž., and Bren, U. (2016). Polyphenols: Extraction Methods, Antioxidative Action, Bioavailability and Anticarcinogenic Effects. Molecules, 21.10.3390/molecules21070901 ↗
23. Functions of Polyphenols and Its Anticancer Properties in Biomedical Research: A Narrative Review10.21037/tcr-20-2359 ↗
24. Di Lorenzo, C., Colombo, F., Biella, S., Stockley, C., and Restani, P. (2021). Polyphenols and Human Health: The Role of Bioavailability. Nutrients, 13.10.3390/nu13010273 ↗
25. Lapuente, M., Estruch, R., Shahbaz, M., and Casas, R. (2019). Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients, 11.10.3390/nu11102381 ↗
26. Effects of Green Tea Consumption on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials10.1186/s12986-020-00469-5 ↗
27. Polyphenols in Health and Disease: Gut Microbiota, Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability10.3390/compounds3010005 ↗
28. Rana, A., Samtiya, M., Dhewa, T., Mishra, V., and Aluko, R.E. (2022). Health Benefits of Polyphenols: A Concise Review. J. Food Biochem., 46.10.1111/jfbc.14264 ↗
29. Role of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota, Their Metabolites and Health Benefits10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189 ↗
30. Flavonols and Flavones as Potential Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Compounds
31. Food Flavonols: Nutraceuticals with Complex Health Benefits and Functionalities10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.030 ↗
32. A DFT Study of the Chemical Reactivity Properties, Spectroscopy and Bioactivity Scores of Bioactive Flavonols10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113658 ↗
33. Gervasi, T., Calderaro, A., Barreca, D., Tellone, E., Trombetta, D., Ficarra, S., Smeriglio, A., Mandalari, G., and Gattuso, G. (2022). Biotechnological Applications and Health-Promoting Properties of Flavonols: An Updated View. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.10.3390/ijms23031710 ↗
34. The Roles of Catechins in Regulation of Systemic Inflammation10.1007/s10068-022-01069-0 ↗
35. Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Catechins from Different Sources: A Review10.1111/ijfs.14371 ↗
36. Variability of Antioxidant Properties, Catechins, Caffeine, L-Theanine and Other Amino Acids in Different Plant Parts of Azorean Camellia Sinensis10.1016/j.crfs.2020.07.004 ↗
37. Bae, J., Kim, N., Shin, Y., Kim, S.-Y., and Kim, Y.-J. (2020). Activity of Catechins and Their Applications. Biomed. Dermatol., 4.10.1186/s41702-020-0057-8 ↗
38. Musial, C., Kuban-Jackowska, A., and Gorska-Ponikowska, M. (2020). Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.10.3390/ijms21051744 ↗
39. The Pharmacological Potential of Catechin Aditya
40. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Its Complexes, and Its Derivatives10.1080/87559129.2022.2122989 ↗
41. Chen, P., Chen, F., Guo, Z.L., Lei, J., and Zhou, B. (2023). Recent Advancement in Bioeffect, Metabolism, Stability, and Delivery Systems of Apigenin, a Natural Flavonoid Compound: Challenges and Perspectives. Front. Nutr., 10.10.3389/fnut.2023.1221227 ↗
42. Kashyap, P., Shikha, D., Thakur, M., and Aneja, A. (2022). Functionality of Apigenin as a Potent Antioxidant with Emphasis on Bioavailability, Metabolism, Action Mechanism and in Vitro and in Vivo Studies: A Review. J. Food Biochem., 46.10.1111/jfbc.13950 ↗
43. Abid, R., Ghazanfar, S., Farid, A., Sulaman, S.M., Idrees, M., Amen, R.A., Muzammal, M., Shahzad, M.K., Mohamed, M.O., and Khaled, A.A. (2022). Pharmacological Properties of 4′, 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) and Its Impact on Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules, 27.10.3390/molecules27134304 ↗
44. Recent Insights into the Biological Functions of Apigenin
45. Therapeutical Properties of Apigenin: A Review on the Experimental Evidence and Basic Mechanisms10.1080/10942912.2023.2236329 ↗
46. Flavones (Apigenin, Luteolin, Crhysin) and Their Importance for Health
47. Caporali, S., De Stefano, A., Calabrese, C., Giovannelli, A., Pieri, M., Savini, I., Tesauro, M., Bernardini, S., Minieri, M., and Terrinoni, A. (2022). Anti-Inflammatory and Active Biological Properties of the Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Luteolin and Luteolin 7-Glucoside. Nutrients, 14.10.3390/nu14061155 ↗
48. Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationships of Luteolin and Catechin10.1111/1750-3841.14994 ↗
49. De Stefano, A., Caporali, S., Di Daniele, N., Rovella, V., Cardillo, C., Schinzari, F., Minieri, M., Pieri, M., Candi, E., and Bernardini, S. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory and Proliferative Properties of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.10.3390/ijms22031321 ↗
50. Paving Luteolin Therapeutic Potentialities and Agro-Food-Pharma Applications: Emphasis on in Vivo Pharmacological Effects and Bioavailability Traits10.1155/2021/1987588 ↗
51. Dietary Luteolin: A Narrative Review Focusing on Its Pharmacokinetic Properties and Effects on Glycolipid Metabolism10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08085 ↗
52. Muruganathan, N., Dhanapal, A.R., Baskar, V., Muthuramalingam, P., Selvaraj, D., Aara, H., Abdullah, M.Z.S., and Sivanesan, I. (2022). Recent Updates on Source, Biosynthesis, and Therapeutic Potential of Natural Flavonoid Luteolin: A Review. Metabolites, 12.10.3390/metabo12111145 ↗
53. Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites on Plants10.1007/s10068-022-01070-7 ↗
54. Gómez-Zorita, S., González-Arceo, M., Fernández-Quintela, A., Eseberri, I., Trepiana, J., and Portillo, M.P. (2020). Scientific Evidence Supporting the Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones on Human Health. Nutrients, 12.10.3390/nu12123853 ↗
55. Kim, I.S., Kim, C.H., and Yang, W.S. (2021). Physiologically Active Molecules and Functional Properties of Soybeans in Human Health—A Current Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.10.3390/ijms22084054 ↗
56. Bioavailability and Health Benefits of Major Isoflavone Aglycones and Their Metabolites10.1016/j.jff.2020.104164 ↗
57. Ockermann, P., Headley, L., Lizio, R., and Hansmann, J. (2021). A Review of the Properties of Anthocyanins and Their Influence on Factors Affecting Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health. Nutrients, 13.10.3390/nu13082831 ↗
58. Tena, N., Martín, J., and Asuero, A.G. (2020). State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9050451 ↗
59. Verediano, T.A., Stampini Duarte Martino, H., Dias Paes, M.C., and Tako, E. (2021). Effects of Anthocyanin on Intestinal Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 13.10.3390/nu13041331 ↗
60. Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanins and Their Mechanism of Action in Atherosclerosis10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040 ↗
61. Mattioli, R., Francioso, A., Mosca, L., and Silva, P. (2020). Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25173809 ↗
62. Compendium of Naringenin: Potential Sources, Analytical Aspects, Chemistry, Nutraceutical Potentials and Pharmacological Profile10.1080/10408398.2022.2056726 ↗
63. Naringin: A Potential Natural Product in the Field of Biomedical Applications
64. Cai, J., Wen, H., Zhou, H., Zhang, D., Lan, D., Liu, S., Li, C., Dai, X., Song, T., and Wang, X. (2023). Naringenin: A Flavanone with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Infective Properties. Biomed. Pharmacother., 164.10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114990 ↗
65. Stabrauskiene, J., Kopustinskiene, D.M., Lazauskas, R., and Bernatoniene, J. (2022). Naringin and Naringenin: Their Mechanisms of Action and the Potential Anticancer Activities. Biomedicines, 10.10.3390/biomedicines10071686 ↗
66. Shilpa, V.S., Shams, R., Dash, K.K., Pandey, V.K., Dar, A.H., Ayaz Mukarram, S., Harsányi, E., and Kovács, B. (2023). Phytochemical Properties, Extraction, and Pharmacological Benefits of Naringin: A Review. Molecules, 28.10.3390/molecules28155623 ↗
67. Fraga-Corral, M., Otero, P., Echave, J., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Jarboui, A., Nuñez-Estevez, B., Simal-Gandara, J., and Prieto, M.A. (2021). By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins’ Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods, 10.10.3390/foods10010137 ↗
68. Fabbrini, M., D’amico, F., Barone, M., Conti, G., Mengoli, M., Brigidi, P., and Turroni, S. (2022). Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties. Biomolecules, 12.10.3390/biom12070875 ↗
69. Fraga-Corral, M., Otero, P., Cassani, L., Echave, J., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Chamorro, F., Lourenço-Lopes, C., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods, 10.10.3390/foods10020251 ↗
70. Tannins Medical / Pharmacological and Related Applications: A Critical Review10.1016/j.scp.2021.100481 ↗
71. Zhang, L., Guan, Q., Jiang, J., and Khan, M.S. (2023). Tannin Complexation with Metal Ions and Its Implication on Human Health, Environment and Industry: An Overview. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127485 ↗
72. Health Effects, Sources, Utilization and Safety of Tannins: A Critical Review10.1080/15569543.2019.1662813 ↗
73. Mompeo, O., Spector, T.D., Hernandez, M.M., Le Roy, C., Istas, G., Le Sayec, M., Mangino, M., Jennings, A., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., and Valdes, A.M. (2020). Consumption of Stilbenes and Flavonoids Is Linked to Reduced Risk of Obesity Independently of Fiber Intake. Nutrients, 12.10.3390/nu12061871 ↗
74. Duta-Bratu, C.G., Nitulescu, G.M., Mihai, D.P., and Olaru, O.T. (2023). Resveratrol and Other Natural Oligomeric Stilbenoid Compounds and Their Therapeutic Applications. Plants, 12.10.3390/plants12162935 ↗
75. Al-Khayri, J.M., Mascarenhas, R., Harish, H.M., Gowda, Y., Lakshmaiah, V.V., Nagella, P., Al-Mssallem, M.Q., Alessa, F.M., Almaghasla, M.I., and Rezk, A.A.S. (2023). Stilbenes, a Versatile Class of Natural Metabolites for Inflammation—An Overview. Molecules, 28.10.3390/molecules28093786 ↗
76. Kluska, M., Jabłońska, J., and Prukała, W. (2023). Analytics, Properties and Applications of Biologically Active Stilbene Derivatives. Molecules, 28.10.3390/molecules28114482 ↗
77. Stilbenes in Grape Berries and Wine and Their Potential Role as Anti-Obesity Agents: A Review10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.060 ↗
78. Stilbenes: Characterization, Bioactivity, Encapsulation and Structural Modifications: A Review of Their Current Limitations and Promising Approaches10.1080/10408398.2022.2045558 ↗
79. Stilbenes: Source Plants, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Pharmacology, Application and Problems Related to Their Clinical Application—A Comprehensive Review10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113128 ↗
80. The What and Who of Dietary Lignans in Human Health: Special Focus on Prooxidant and Antioxidant Effects10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.015 ↗
81. Jang, W.Y., Kim, M.Y., and Cho, J.Y. (2022). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Menopausal, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Lignans and Their Metabolites. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.10.3390/ijms232415482 ↗
82. Senizza, A., Rocchetti, G., Mosele, J.I., Patrone, V., Callegari, M.L., Morelli, L., and Lucini, L. (2020). Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25235709 ↗
83. Gao, Z., Cao, Q., and Deng, Z. (2024). Unveiling the Power of Flax Lignans: From Plant Biosynthesis to Human Health Benefits. Nutrients, 16.10.3390/nu16203520 ↗
84. Plaha, N.S., Awasthi, S., Sharma, A., and Kaushik, N. (2022). Distribution, Biosynthesis and Therapeutic Potential of Lignans. 3 Biotech, 12.10.1007/s13205-022-03318-9 ↗
85. Kose, L.P., and Gulcin, İ. (2021). Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Some Phyto and Mammalian Lignans. Molecules, 26.10.3390/molecules26237099 ↗
86. Biological Functions of Lignans in Plants
87. Tyramine-Derived Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides in Plant Foods: Sources, Synthesis, Health Effects and Potential Applications in Food Industry10.1080/10408398.2020.1845603 ↗
88. da Silva, A.P.G., Sganzerla, W.G., John, O.D., and Marchiosi, R. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of the Classification, Sources, Biosynthesis, and Biological Properties of Hydroxybenzoic and Hydroxycinnamic Acids. Phytochem. Rev.10.1007/s11101-023-09891-y ↗
89. Hydroxycinnamic Acids on Gut Microbiota and Health10.1111/1541-4337.12663 ↗
90. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Human Health: Recent Advances10.1002/jsfa.10010 ↗
91. Sova, M. (2020). Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites. Nutrients, 12.10.3390/nu12082190 ↗
92. Optimizing the Structure of (Salicylideneamino)Benzoic Acids: Towards Selective Antifungal and Anti-Staphylococcal Agents10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105732 ↗
93. Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Sorbic Acid and Benzoic Acid Compounds from Fermented Durian Flesh (Tempoyak) and Their Antibacterial Activities Against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
94. Phenolic Acids from Vegetables: A Review on Processing Stability and Health Benefits10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109298 ↗
95. The Use of Plant Extracts and Their Phytochemicals for Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05291 ↗
96. Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Grape Skin Extracts of 14 Vitis Vinifera Varieties Grown in Dalmatia (Croatia)10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.019 ↗
97. The Challenge of Exploiting Polyphenols from Olive Leaves: Addition to Foods to Improve Their Shelf-Life and Nutritional Value10.1002/jsfa.10986 ↗
98. Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenol-Based Extract as a Vegetable Oil Shelf Life Extending Additive
99. Ofosu, F.K., Daliri, E.B.M., Elahi, F., Chelliah, R., Lee, B.H., and Oh, D.H. (2020). New Insights on the Use of Polyphenols as Natural Preservatives and Their Emerging Safety Concerns. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 4.10.3389/fsufs.2020.525810 ↗
100. Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation10.3390/ma16134793 ↗