Review on the Integration of Phase Change Materials in Building Envelopes for Passive Latent Heat Storage
Source abstract
Abstract
Latent heat thermal energy storage systems incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) as storage materials. The high energy density of PCMs, their ability to store at nearly constant temperature, and the diversity of available materials make latent heat storage systems particularly competitive technologies for reducing energy consumption in buildings. This work reviews recent experimental and numerical studies on the integration of PCMs in building envelopes for passive energy storage. The results of the different studies show that the use of PCMs can reduce the peak temperature and smooth the thermal load. The integration of PCMs can be done on the entire building envelope (walls, roofs, windows). Despite many advances, some aspects remain to be studied, notably the long-term stability of buildings incorporating PCMs, the issues of moisture and mass transfer, and the consideration of the actual use of the building. Based on this review, we have identified possible contributions to improve the efficiency of passive systems incorporating PCMs. Thus, fatty acids and their eutectic mixtures, combined with natural insulators, such as vegetable fibers, were chosen to make shape-stabilized PCMs composites. These composites can be integrated in buildings as a passive thermal energy storage material.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Phase Change Materials Research · Adsorption and Cooling Systems · Solar Energy Systems and Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
La Rochelle Université, LaSIE UMR CNRS 7356, Avenue Michel Crépeau, CEDEX 1, 17042 La Rochelle, France
Bordeaux INP, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux I2M, Bât A11, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
Amplitude, 11 Avenue de Canteranne, Cité de la Photonique, Bâtiment MEROPA, 33600 Pessac, France
Funding
ERDF and Region Nouvelle Aquitaine
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S.L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., and Gomis, M.I. (2021). Global Warming of 1.5 °C—Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.
2. (2021, April 30). Buildings—Topics—International Energy Agency (IEA). Available online: https://www.iea.org/topics/buildings.
3. Effects of Wall’s Thermophysical Properties on Time Lag and Decrement Factor10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00007-3 ↗
4. Chinese Kang as a Domestic Heating System in Rural Northern China—A Review10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.07.013 ↗
5. Trombe Walls: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges in Research and Development10.1016/j.rser.2012.06.032 ↗
6. Ståhl, F. (2009). Influence of Thermal Mass on the Heating and Cooling Demands of a Building Unit, Chalmers Tekniska.
7. Delgado, J.M.P.Q., Martinho, J.C., Vaz Sá, A., Guimarães, A.S., and Abrantes, V. (2019). Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials: A Literature Review of Applications for Buildings Materials, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-97499-6 ↗
8. A Review on Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials in Passive Building Applications10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101563 ↗
9. A Review on Phase Change Material (PCM) for Sustainable Passive Cooling in Building Envelopes10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.036 ↗
10. Incorporation of Phase Change Materials into Building Envelope for Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving: A Comprehensive Analysis10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102122 ↗
11. Short Term Storage Systems of the Thermal Energy for Buildings: A Review10.1080/17512549.2013.809271 ↗
12. (2021, May 03). Thermal Energy Storage: Technology Brief. Available online: /publications/2013/Jan/Thermal-energy-storage.
13. Thermal Energy Storage in Building Integrated Thermal Systems: A Review. Part 1. Active Storage Systems10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.040 ↗
14. Low Temperature Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage: Heat Storage Materials10.1016/0038-092X(83)90186-X ↗
15. Thermochemical Energy Storage System for Cooling and Process Heating Applications: A Review10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113617 ↗
16. Materials Used as PCM in Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings: A Review10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.018 ↗
17. Phase Change Materials Integrated into Building Walls: An Updated Review10.1016/j.rser.2021.110751 ↗
18. Phase Change Materials for Building Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.03.026 ↗
19. Characterization of Innovative Mortars with Direct Incorporation of Phase Change Materials10.1016/j.est.2020.101439 ↗
20. Review of Passive PCM Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems towards Buildings’ Energy Efficiency10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.12.042 ↗
21. Comparative Analysis of Building Insulation Material Properties and Performance10.1016/j.rser.2020.110038 ↗
22. Traditional, State-of-the-Art and Renewable Thermal Building Insulation Materials: An Overview10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.102 ↗
23. Comparative Experimental Investigation of Natural Fibers Reinforced Light Weight Concrete as Thermally Efficient Building Materials10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101411 ↗
24. A Review of the Properties of Hemp Concrete for Green Building Applications10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117852 ↗
25. An Experimental Study on Applying Organic PCMs to Gypsum-Cement Board for Improving Thermal Performance of Buildings in Different Climates10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.037 ↗
26. Optimum Mass Percentage of Microencapsulated PCM Mixed with Gypsum for Improved Latent Heat Storage10.1016/j.est.2020.101910 ↗
27. Evaluation of Phase Change Plaster/Paste Composites for Building Envelopes10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111372 ↗
28. PCM Thermal Storage in Buildings: A State of Art10.1016/j.rser.2005.10.002 ↗
29. Performance of a Window Shutter with Phase Change Material under Summer Mediterranean Climate Conditions10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.059 ↗
30. Parametric Study of Solid-Solid Translucent Phase Change Materials in Building Windows10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117467 ↗
31. Using Phase Change Materials in Window Shutter to Reduce the Solar Heat Gain10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.12.009 ↗
32. Experimental Thermal Study of a New PCM-Concrete Thermal Storage Block (PCM-CTSB)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123540 ↗
33. Mechanical and Thermal Characterizations of Various Thermal Energy Storage Concretes Including Low-Cost Bio-Sourced PCM10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110878 ↗
34. Thermal Behavior Improvement of Hollow Sintered Bricks Integrated with Both Thermal Insulation Material (TIM) and Phase-Change Material (PCM)10.1016/j.csite.2021.100938 ↗
35. Integrating PCM into Hollow Brick Walls: Toward Energy Conservation in Mediterranean Regions10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111214 ↗
36. Effect of Melting Point on Thermodynamics of Thin PCM Reinforced Residential Frame Walls in Different Climate Zones10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116615 ↗
37. Thermal Energy Storage in Building Integrated Thermal Systems: A Review. Part 2. Integration as Passive System10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.064 ↗
38. Are Trombe Walls Suitable Passive Systems for the Reduction of the Yearly Building Energy Requirements?10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.003 ↗
39. Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of an Integrated PCM Trombe Wall10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.081 ↗
40. Selection of Phase Change Material for Improved Performance of Trombe Wall Systems Using the Entropy Weight and TOPSIS Methodology10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109967 ↗
41. Numerical Study on Thermal Performance of PCM Trombe Wall10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.317 ↗
42. A Review of the Current Work Potential of a Trombe Wall10.1016/j.rser.2020.109947 ↗
43. A New Validated TRNSYS Module for Simulating Latent Heat Storage Walls10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.10.013 ↗
44. PCM Thermal Storage Design in Buildings: Experimental Studies and Applications to Solaria in Cold Climates10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.046 ↗
45. Phase Change Materials Integrated in Building Walls: A State of the Art Review10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.042 ↗
46. Novel Strategies and Supporting Materials Applied to Shape-Stabilize Organic Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage–A Review10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.017 ↗
47. Phase Change Materials for Building Construction: An Overview of Nano-/Micro-Encapsulation10.1515/ntrev-2020-0067 ↗
48. Micro/Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as Emerging Materials for the Food Industry10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.003 ↗
49. Nanoconfinement Effects on Thermal Properties of Nanoporous Shape-Stabilized Composite PCMs: A Review10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.007 ↗
50. Optimal Preparation of PCM/Diatomite Composites for Enhancing Thermal Properties10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.03.043 ↗
51. Thermal Energy Storage Cement Mortar with Direct Incorporation of Organic and Inorganic Phase Change Materials10.1007/s41062-020-00399-4 ↗
52. Investigation and Properties of a Novel Composite Bio-PCM to Reduce Summer Energy Consumptions in Buildings of Hot and Dry Climates10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.060 ↗
53. (2021, August 20). JO RAPD, DTR BC 2.41: Design and Calculation Rules for Reinforced Concrete Structures Reinforced Concrete Structures—C.B.A. 93—Regulatory Technical Document, Ministry of and Urbanism of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria People (2013). Available online: https://pdfcoffee.com/cba-93-pdf-free.html.
54. Development of Gypsum Plasterboard Embodied with Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for Energy Efficient Buildings
55. (2004). Gypsum Binders and Gypsum Plasters. Part 2: Test methods.
56. Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Microencapsulated PCM-Contained Wallboard by Two Measurement Modes10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.11.032 ↗
57. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lime and Hemp Concrete (“Hempcrete”) Manufactured by a Projection Process10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.016 ↗
58. Flax and Hemp Fibres as Raw Materials for Thermal Insulations10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.03.006 ↗
59. The Use of Flax and Hemp Materials for Insulating Buildings
60. Kirilovs, E., Zotova, I., Gendelis, S., Jörg-Gusovius, H., Kukle, S., and Stramkale, V. (2020). Experimental Study of Using Micro-Encapsulated Phase-Change Material Integrated into Hemp Shive Wallboard. Buildings, 10.10.3390/buildings10120228 ↗
61. A Review on Applications of Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials Embedded in Building Enclosure in Recent Ten Years10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.028 ↗
62. Preparation, Thermal Properties and Thermal Reliability of Eutectic Mixtures of Fatty Acids/Expanded Vermiculite as Novel Form-Stable Composites for Energy Storage10.1016/j.jiec.2010.07.003 ↗
63. Effect of Dopamine-Modified Expanded Vermiculite on Phase Change Behavior and Heat Storage Characteristic of Polyethylene Glycol10.1016/j.cej.2021.128992 ↗
64. Improvement in Thermal Properties of PCM/Expanded Vermiculite/Expanded Graphite Shape Stabilized Composite PCM for Building Energy Applications10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.068 ↗
65. Chen, Y., Cui, Z., Ding, H., Wan, Y., Tang, Z., and Gao, J. (2018). Cost-Effective Biochar Produced from Agricultural Residues and Its Application for Preparation of High Performance Form-Stable Phase Change Material via Simple Method. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.10.3390/ijms19103055 ↗
66. Characterization of Biocomposite Using Coconut Oil Impregnated Biochar as Latent Heat Storage Insulation10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.239 ↗
67. A Promising Form-Stable Phase Change Material Prepared Using Cost Effective Pinecone Biochar as the Matrix of Palmitic Acid for Thermal Energy Storage10.1038/s41598-019-47877-z ↗
68. Lauric-Stearic Acid Eutectic Mixture/Carbonized Biomass Waste Corn Cob Composite Phase Change Materials: Preparation and Thermal Characterization10.1016/j.tca.2019.01.022 ↗
69. Optimal Design of Multi-Layer Structure Composite Containing Inorganic Hydrated Salt Phase Change Materials and Cement: Lab-Scale Tests for Buildings10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122125 ↗
70. Enhanced Thermophysical Properties of Organic PCM through Shape Stabilization for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings: A State of the Art Review10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110799 ↗
71. Paraffin/Diatomite Composite Phase Change Material Incorporated Cement-Based Composite for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.005 ↗
72. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Diatomite Composite as a Novel Form-Stable Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.022 ↗
73. Preparation and Thermal Properties of Fatty Acid/Diatomite Form-Stable Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.032 ↗
74. Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Properties of Lauryl Alcohol/Kaolin as Novel Form-Stable Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.05.015 ↗
75. Fabrication and Thermal Characterization of Kaolin-Based Composite Phase Change Materials for Latent Heat Storage in Buildings10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.03.022 ↗
76. Fabrication and Optimization of Kaolin/Stearic Acid Composite as a Form-Stable Phase Change Material for Application in the Thermal Energy Storage Systems10.1016/j.est.2020.102155 ↗
77. Preparation of Energy Efficient Paraffinic PCMs/Expanded Vermiculite and Perlite Composites for Energy Saving in Buildings10.1016/j.solmat.2014.11.001 ↗
78. Synthesis and Characterization of Lauric Acid/Expanded Vermiculite as Form-Stabilized Thermal Energy Storage Materials10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.01.023 ↗
79. Preparation and Characterization of Capric-Palmitic-Stearic Acid Ternary Eutectic Mixture/Expanded Vermiculite Composites as Form-Stabilized Thermal Energy Storage Materials10.1016/j.jmst.2017.06.003 ↗
80. A Comparative Analysis of Biochar, Activated Carbon, Expanded Graphite, and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Respect to PCM Loading and Energy-Storage Capacities10.1016/j.envres.2021.110853 ↗
81. A Novel PCM of Lauric–Myristic–Stearic Acid/Expanded Graphite Composite for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.matlet.2014.01.051 ↗
82. Preparation and Thermal Properties of Polyethylene Glycol/Expanded Graphite as Novel Form-Stable Phase Change Material for Indoor Energy Saving10.1016/j.matlet.2018.01.025 ↗
83. Preparation and Properties of Stearic Acid/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase Change Material for Low-Temperature Solar Thermal Application10.1007/s10973-015-5151-6 ↗
84. A Novel Form Stable PCM Based Bio Composite Material for Solar Thermal Energy Storage Applications10.1016/j.est.2020.101403 ↗
85. Walnut Shell Derived Bio-Carbon/Methyl Palmitate as Novel Composite Phase Change Material with Enhanced Thermal Energy Storage Properties10.1016/j.est.2021.102288 ↗
86. Preparation and Characterization of Modified Porous Wood Flour/Lauric-Myristic Acid Eutectic Mixture as a Form-Stable Phase Change Material10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03933 ↗
87. Barreneche, C., Vecstaudza, J., Bajare, D., and Fernandez, A.I. (2017). PCM/Wood Composite to Store Thermal Energy in Passive Building Envelopes, IOP Publishing.10.1088/1757-899X/251/1/012111 ↗
88. Form-Stable Phase Change Material Based on Fatty Acid/Wood Flour Composite and PVC Used for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109663 ↗
89. Low Cost and Eco-Friendly Wood Fiber-Based Composite Phase Change Material: Development, Characterization and Lab-Scale Thermoregulation Performance for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.energy.2020.116983 ↗
90. Delignified Wood/Capric Acid-Palmitic Acid Mixture Stable-Form Phase Change Material for Thermal Storage10.1016/j.solmat.2019.02.026 ↗
91. Composite Phase Change Materials with Good Reversible Thermochromic Ability in Delignified Wood Substrate for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.006 ↗
92. Processing Solid Wood into a Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage by Introducing Silica-Stabilized Polyethylene Glycol10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106098 ↗
93. Shape-Stable Composite Phase Change Materials Encapsulated by Bio-Based Balsa Wood for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111187 ↗
94. Wood-Based Composite Phase Change Materials with Self-Cleaning Superhydrophobic Surface for Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114481 ↗
95. Honeycomb Carbon Fibers Strengthened Composite Phase Change Materials for Superior Thermal Energy Storage10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114493 ↗
96. Modeling and Measuring of the Thermal Properties of Insulating Vegetable Fibers by the Asymmetrical Hot Plate Method and the Radial Flux Method: Kapok, Coconut, Groundnut Shell Fiber and Rattan10.1016/j.tca.2016.02.007 ↗
97. Development and Research of Thermal Insulation Materials from Natural Fibres10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.604.285 ↗
98. An Environment-Friendly Thermal Insulation Material from Cotton Stalk Fibers10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.01.020 ↗
99. A Novel Anisotropic Analytical Model for Effective Thermal Conductivity Tensor of Dry Lime-Hemp Concrete with Preferred Spatial Distributions10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.043 ↗
100. Characterization of the Thermophysical Properties of Kapok