journal article·2025-01-31Open access

A Review of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Architectural Design Efficiency

Yangluxi Li, Huishu Chen, Peijun Yu, Li Yang

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 3

Abstract

At present, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is developing rapidly, and the construction industry is facing three major trends: industrialization, greening, and digital intelligence. This paper explores the application of AI technology in the field of architectural design and its impact on design efficiency, with 1810 articles screened from the Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) search engines, 92 of which were selected for meta-analysis and review. The results show that AI has great potential in the architectural design process, including creative development, data analysis, and problem-solving. In addition, AI has other applications throughout the building lifecycle, such as predictive analytics, construction supervision, and facility maintenance. In addition, through the discussion of traditional architectural design methods and AI-driven architectural design methods, this paper summarizes the advantages and challenges of AI technology in architectural design. Finally, through case analysis, this paper believes that the future of AI in the field of construction is full of infinite possibilities; through the correct guidance and regulation of its development, it will certainly bring more innovation and progress for the construction industry.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: BIM and Construction Integration

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK

School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

College of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

References (93)

Show source-provided references
1. Papandrea, M., Peternier, A., Frei, D., La Porta, N., Gelsomini, M., Allegri, D., and Leidi, T. (2024). V-Cockpit: A Platform for the Design, Testing, and Validation of Car Infotainment Systems through Virtual Reality. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14188160 ↗
2. Semantic model-based large-scale deployment of AI-Driven Building Management Applications10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105579 ↗
3. A review of data-driven fault detection and diagnostics for building HVAC systems10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121030 ↗
4. The potential of a retractable roof of the natatorium on the indoor environmental improvement: Taking Jiading natatorium of Tongji University as an example10.1177/1420326X231165198 ↗
5. Impact of generative artificial intelligence models on the performance of citizen data scientists in retail firms10.1016/j.compind.2024.104128 ↗
6. Towards machine learned generative design10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105284 ↗
7. Green Building Evaluation System Implementation10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.02.012 ↗
8. A study on database of modular façade retrofitting building envelope10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109826 ↗
9. Digitalization for sustainable buildings: Technologies, applications, potential, and challenges10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141814 ↗
10. Study on a new model for urban residential quarter of 21st century
11. Digital twin with data-mechanism-fused model for smart excavation management10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105749 ↗
12. (2025, January 26). NCARB’s Position on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Architectural Profession. Available online: https://www.ncarb.org/press/ncarb-position-on-ai.
13. Generative AI in EU law: Liability, privacy, intellectual property, and cybersecurity10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106066 ↗
14. From COBIT to ISO 42001: Evaluating cybersecurity frameworks for opportunities, risks, and regulatory compliance in commercializing large language models10.1016/j.cose.2024.103964 ↗
15. Lu, W.S., and Wu, L.P.F. (2024). A blockchain-based deployment framework for protecting building design intellectual property rights in collaborative digital environments. Comput. Ind., 159–160.10.1016/j.compind.2024.104098 ↗
16. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006 ↗
17. Tuning machine learning models for prediction of building energy loads10.1016/j.scs.2019.101484 ↗
18. Systems engineering issues for industry applications of large language model10.1016/j.asoc.2023.111165 ↗
19. Thinking difference: Theories and models of parametric design thinking10.1016/j.destud.2017.06.001 ↗
20. Conditional generative adversarial networks for image-based sunlight analysis of residential blocks10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114295 ↗
21. Adversarial image-to-image model to obtain highly detailed wind fields from mesoscale simulations in urban environments10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112123 ↗
22. Automating urban soundscape enhancements with AI: In-situ assessment of quality and restorativeness in traffic-exposed residential areas10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112106 ↗
23. Shapley Visual Transformers for Image-to-text generation10.1016/j.asoc.2024.112205 ↗
24. Artificial Intelligence’s effects on design process creativity: “A study on used A.I. Text-to-image in architecture”10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107999 ↗
25. Project collective mind: Unlocking project discussion networks10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.026 ↗
26. Application of NLP-based models in automated detection of risky contract statements written in complex script system10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125296 ↗
27. Automated Classification of Building Information Modeling (BIM) case studies by BIM use based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and unsupervised learning10.1016/j.aei.2019.04.007 ↗
28. Applications of natural language processing in construction10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104169 ↗
29. A training and assessment system for human-computer interaction combining fNIRS and eye-tracking data10.1016/j.aei.2024.102765 ↗
30. Generative AIBIM: An automatic and intelligent structural design pipeline integrating BIM and Generative AI10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102654 ↗
31. Stackelberg game-based method towards carbon-economy equilibrium for the prefabricated construction supply planning: A case study from China10.1016/j.scs.2024.105356 ↗
32. Development of an early-warning system for site work in hot and Humid Environments: A case study10.1016/j.autcon.2015.11.003 ↗
33. Hard-rock tunnel lithology prediction with TBM construction big data using a global-attention-mechanism-based LSTM network10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103647 ↗
34. A review of data-driven building energy consumption prediction studies10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.095 ↗
35. Artificial Intelligence in green building10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104192 ↗
36. Attention-based interpretable neural network for building cooling load prediction10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117238 ↗
37. Data driven model improved by multi-objective optimisation for prediction of Building Energy Loads10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103188 ↗
38. Artificial Neural Networks for energy analysis of office buildings with daylighting10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.028 ↗
39. Improving consumption estimation of electrical materials in residential building construction10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.042 ↗
40. The role of data sample size and dimensionality in neural network based forecasting of building heating related variables10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.056 ↗
41. Artificial neural networks to predict energy performance and retrofit scenarios for any member of a building category: A novel approach10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.126 ↗
42. Building electrical energy consumption forecasting analysis using conventional and artificial intelligence methods: A Review10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.015 ↗
43. Machine Learning for Energy Performance Prediction at the design stage of buildings10.1016/j.esd.2021.11.002 ↗
44. Component-based machine learning for performance prediction in Building Design10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.011 ↗
45. Deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective optimization in BIM-based green building design10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105598 ↗
46. Trees vs neurons: Comparison between random forest and ann for high-resolution prediction of Building Energy Consumption10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.038 ↗
47. Predictive modeling for US commercial building energy use: A comparison of existing statistical and machine learning algorithms using CBECS microdata10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.031 ↗
48. Random Forest based hourly building energy prediction10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.04.008 ↗
49. EDESSOPT—Energy demand and supply simultaneous optimization for cost-optimized design: Application to a multi-family building10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.12.043 ↗
50. Genetic-algorithm based approach to optimize building envelope design for residential buildings10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.01.005 ↗
51. Data-driven performance analysis of a residential building applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA)10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109633 ↗
52. Multi-objective optimization of Building Envelope Design for life cycle environmental performance10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.054 ↗
53. Multiobjective optimization of building energy consumption and thermal comfort based on integrated BIM framework with machine learning-NSGA II10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112479 ↗
54. Visualized strategy for predicting buildings energy consumption during early design stage using parametric analysis10.1016/j.jobe.2017.07.012 ↗
55. Architectural Design Framework with the Participation of Artificial Intelligence
56. Forty Years of Design Research10.1016/j.destud.2006.11.004 ↗
57. Investigating design: A review of Forty Years of Design research10.1162/074793604772933739 ↗
58. Design and Design Approach Research within 40 Years
59. Introduction to Research on Design Methodology
60. Broadbest, G. (1990). Architectural Design and Humanities, China Architecture & Building Press.
61. Alexander, C. (2010). Notes on the Synthesis of Form, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Press.
62. Methodology of Modern Architectural Design
63. Asimow, M. (1962). Introduction to Design, Prentice-Hall.
64. Peirce, C.S., and Liszka, J.J. (2014). C.S. Peirce: On Signs, Sichuan University Press.
65. Broadbent, G. (1991). Sign, Symbols, and Architecture, China Architecture & Building Press.
66. Architectural Digital History: Artificial Intelligent Oriented Archeology of Architectural Big Data
67. Newell, A. (1962). The Processes of Creative Thinking, Atherton Press.
68. Simon, H. (2004). The Science of Artificial, Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press.
69. Perkins, D.N. (2010). The Mind’s Best Work, Harvard University Press.10.2307/j.ctvjnrvqd ↗
70. Lorre, P.G. (2008). Design Thinking, Tianjin University Press.
71. Chen, C. (2008). Design Cognition, China Architecture & Building Press.
72. Pros and cons of GAN evaluation measures10.1016/j.cviu.2018.10.009 ↗
73. Pros and cons of GAN evaluation measures: New developments10.1016/j.cviu.2021.103329 ↗
74. Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: A survey10.1016/j.cviu.2022.103525 ↗
75. Man-Computer Symbiosis10.1109/THFE2.1960.4503259 ↗
76. Norman, D.A. (1993). Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine, Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co.. Perseus Books.
77. Design collaboration mode of man–computer symbiosis in the age of Intelligence10.1007/978-3-030-39512-4_99 ↗
78. Steele, J. (2002). Architecture and Computers: Action and Reaction in the Digital Design Revolution, Watson-Guptill Publications.
79. Performance Improvement of Hourly Heating-Energy Consumption Prediction Model Based on Feature Extraction with Sparse Auto-Encoder
80. Impact of vector embeddings on the performance of tolerance near sets-based sentiment classifier for text classification10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.050 ↗
81. Preliminary Study on the Research Methods of Architectural Style Form Features from the Perspective of Machine Learning
82. Semantic BMS: Allowing usage of building automation data in facility benchmarking10.1016/j.aei.2018.01.002 ↗
83. Generative AI-Enabled Supply Chain Management: The critical role of coordination and dynamism10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109388 ↗
84. Deep-learning neural-network architectures and methods: Using component-based models in building-design energy prediction10.1016/j.aei.2018.06.004 ↗
85. Automated design of architectured polymer-concrete composites with high specific flexural strength and toughness using sequential learning10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138311 ↗
86. Application of Deep Learning based Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Scheme Creation
87. Li, J.Y., Zhao, H.Y., Wu, J.Y., Dai, S.Y., and Xu, H.H. (2023, January 14). Discussion and Exploration of Rural Small Building Design Based on Al-assisted Architectural Design Technology Taking Stable Diffusion as an Example. Proceedings of the 2023 National Symposium on Teaching and Research of Building Digital Technology in Architecture Department, Changsha, China.
88. Gu, S.J., Wang, R.X., Wu, Y.F., Xu, X.H., Yan, C., Gao, T.Y., and Yuan, F. (2023, January 14). Exploration of AI- inspired Architectural Design Generation Process Based on FUGenerator Platform. Proceedings of the 2023 National Symposium on Teaching and Research of Building Digital Technology in Architecture Department, Changsha, China.
89. “Will artificial intelligence platforms replace designers in the future?” analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence platforms on the engineering design industry through color perception10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109369 ↗
90. Virtual reality applications for the built environment: Research trends and opportunities10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103311 ↗
91. Enhancing interaction in virtual-real architectural environments: A comparative analysis of generative AI-driven reality approaches10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112113 ↗
92. An immersive multisensory virtual reality approach to the study of human-built environment interactions10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104836 ↗
93. Tuzov, V., and Lin, F. (2024). Two paths of balancing technology and ethics: A comparative study on AI governance in China and Germany. Telecommun. Policy, in press.10.2139/ssrn.4776259 ↗