journal article·2024-01-21Open access

Strategies for Reducing Automobile Fuel Consumption

Carlos Alberto Romero, Pablo Correa, Edwan Anderson Ariza Echeverri, Diego Vergara

Applied Sciences· Volume 14· Issue 2

Abstract

In recent times, the significance of advancing road transportation technologies has notably increased. This is mainly driven by the escalating need for road transportation systems that are not only safe but also environmentally sustainable. Moreover, enhancing fuel efficiency in road vehicles (i.e., automobiles) holds the potential to contribute significantly to the reduction of a country’s economic vulnerability (i.e., improved energy security), by reducing the reliance on energy imports. While research reports and scientific journals provide valuable information on automobile fuel consumption, it is essential to continually update our understanding of the factors that influence it. This document aims to review and describe the various factors, both direct and indirect, that play a role in an automotive’s overall energy efficiency and fuel consumption.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Vehicle emissions and performance · Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies · Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Escuela de Tecnología Mecánica, Facultad de Tecnología, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia

Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Mecánica Aplicada, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia

Grupo de Nuevos Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta 470004, Colombia

Technology, Instruction and Design in Engineering and Education Research Group (TiDEE.rg), Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain

References (92)

Show source-provided references
1. U.S. Energy Information Administration (2019). International Energy Outlook 2019 with Projections to 2050, U.S. Energy Information Administration.
2. U.S. Energy Information Administration (2017). Global Transportation Energy Consumption: Examination of Scenarios to 2040 Using ITEDD, U.S. Energy Information Administration.
3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021). Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy 2025–2035, The National Academies Press.
4. Romero, C. (1995). Dinámica de Tracción del Automóvil, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Tecnología.
5. Jacobson, B. (2019). Vehicle Dynamics Compendium for Course MMF062, Chalmers University of Technology.
6. Determination of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Energy Consumption by a Chassis Dynamometer
7. Contributions of vehicle dynamics to the energy efficient operation of road and rail vehicles10.1080/00423114.2021.1913194 ↗
8. Meseguer, J.E., Calafate, C.T., Cano, J.C., and Manzoni, P. (2015, January 9–12). Assessing the impact of driving behavior on instantaneous fuel consumption. Proceedings of the 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.10.1109/CCNC.2015.7158016 ↗
9. Preda, I., Covaciu, D., and Ciolan, G. (2010). CONAT, Transilvania University Press.
10. (2023, October 10). QSS-Toolbox. Available online: http://www.idsc.ethz.ch/Downloads/qss/qss.zip.
11. Alemdar, K.D., Çodur, M.K., Codur, M.Y., and Uysal, F. (2023). Environmental Effects of Driver Distraction at Traffic Lights: Mobile Phone Use. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su152015056 ↗
12. Predicting vehicle fuel consumption patterns using floating vehicle data10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.008 ↗
13. A review of vehicle fuel consumption models to evaluate eco-driving and eco-routing10.1016/j.trd.2016.09.008 ↗
14. Zhao, D., Li, H., Hou, J., Gong, P., Zhong, Y., He, W., and Fu, Z. (2023). A Review of the Data-Driven Prediction Method of Vehicle Fuel Consumption. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16145258 ↗
15. Real world vehicle emissions: Their correlation with driving parameters10.1016/j.trd.2016.02.001 ↗
16. Moawad, A., Kim, N., Shidore, N., and Rousseau, A. (2016). Assessment of Vehicle Sizing, Energy Consumption, and Cost through Large-Scale Simulation of Advanced Vehicle Technologies, Argone National Laboratory.10.2172/1245199 ↗
17. Delorme, A., Karbowski, D., Vijayagopal, R., and Sharer, P. (2009). Evaluation of Fuel Consumption Potential of Medium and Heavy Duty-Vehicles through Modeling and Simulation, Report to National Academy of Sciences; Argonne National Lab.10.2172/981650 ↗
18. Dahham, R.Y., Wei, H., and Pan, J. (2022). Improving Thermal Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15176222 ↗
19. Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions10.4271/2018-01-0329 ↗
20. The outlook for fuels for internal combustion engines10.1177/1468087414526189 ↗
21. Lee, B., Oh, H., Han, S., Woo, S., and Son, J. (2017). Development of High Efficiency Gasoline Engine with Thermal Efficiency over 42%, SAE International.10.4271/2017-01-2229 ↗
22. Why we should invest further in the development of internal combustion engines for road applications
23. Koeberlein, D. (2023, October 05). Technology and System Level Demonstration of Highly Efficient and Clean, Diesel Powered Class 8 Trucks. Cummins SuperTruck Program, Available online: https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/cummins-supertruck-program-technology-and-system-level-demonstration-1.
24. Korobitsyn, M.A. (1998). New and Advanced Conversion Technologies: Analysis of Cogeneration, Combined and Integrated Cycles. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Twente].
25. (2023, September 29). U.S. DRIVE Partnership. Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability. Advanced Combustion and Emission Control Roadmap, Available online: https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/us-drive.
26. Paanu, T., Niemi, S., and Rantanen, P. (2023, September 28). Waste Heat Recovery–Bottoming Cycle Alternatives. Proceedings of the University of Vaasa. Available online: https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/7796/isbn_978-952-476-389-9.pdf?sequence=1.
27. Ultra Boost for Economy: Extending the Limits of Extreme Engine Downsizing10.4271/2014-01-1185 ↗
28. Bishop, J., Nedungadi, A., Ostrowski, G., Surampudi, B., Armiroli, P., and Taspinar, E. (2007). An Engine Start/Stop System for Improved Fuel Economy, SAE International.10.4271/2007-01-1777 ↗
29. Transient Characteristics of Emissions during Engine Start/Stop Operation Employing a Conventional Gasoline Engine for HEV Application10.1007/s12239-008-0064-z ↗
30. Sciarretta, A., and Vahidi, A. (2020). Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-24127-8 ↗
31. The Benefits of Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles10.4271/2008-01-0684 ↗
32. Brooker, A.D., Ward, J., and Wang, L. (2013). Lightweighting Impacts on Fuel Economy, Cost, and Component Losses, SAE International.10.4271/2013-01-0381 ↗
33. Meresht, N.B., Moghadasi, S., Sandeep, M., ShahbakMunshi, M., and McTaggart-Cowan, G. (2023). Advances in Vehicle and Powertrain Efficiency of Long-Haul Commercial Vehicles: A Review. Energies, 16.10.3390/en16196809 ↗
34. Bedar, P., Chitragar, P.R., Shivaprasad, K.V., and Kumar, G.N. (2017). Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel. Lect. Notes Mech. Eng., 1519–1527.10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_145 ↗
35. An Exploratory Study of Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine Performance Using CNSL—Ethanol Biodiesel Blends with Hydrogen
36. Engine Technologies for Achieving 45% Thermal Efficiency of S.I. Engine10.4271/2015-01-1896 ↗
37. Experimental Investigation of Variations in Spark Timing using a Spark-Ignition Engine with Hydrogen-Blended Gasoline10.1002/ente.201500148 ↗
38. Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a high speed spark ignited engine at idle condition10.2298/TSCI180407157S ↗
39. Comprehensive analysis of combustion behaviors of hydrogen (H2)/diesel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) in a light-duty diesel engine10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129237 ↗
40. Effects of EGR, injection retardation and ethanol addition on combustion, performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola biodiesel/diesel fuel blend10.1016/j.energy.2022.123129 ↗
41. IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine10.1177/1468087419877990 ↗
42. (2023, October 05). Optimization of the Combustion Engine Reduces CO2 Emissions by Up to Six Percent; Stuttgart, Germany, 2017. Available online: https://newsroom.mahle.com/press/en/press-releases/optimization-of-the-combustion-engine-reduces-co2-emissions-by-up-to-six-percent-55040#.
43. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions10.1007/s40544-017-0183-5 ↗
44. Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars10.1016/j.triboint.2011.11.022 ↗
45. Automotive tribology overview of current advances and challenges for the future10.1016/j.triboint.2004.01.013 ↗
46. Zammit, J.-P. (2012). Managing Engine Thermal State to Reduce Friction Losses during Warm-Up. [Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Nottingham].
47. Main bearing friction and thermal interaction during the early seconds of cold engine operation10.1115/1.1804538 ↗
48. Knauder, C., Allmaier, H., Sander, D.E., and Sams, T. (2019). Investigations of the friction losses of different engine concepts. Part 2: Sub-assembly resolved friction loss comparison of three engines. Lubricants, 7.10.3390/lubricants7120105 ↗
49. Fenske, G.R., Erck, R.A., Ajayi, O.O., Masoner, A., and Comfort, A. (2009, January 17–22). Impact of Friction Reduction Technologies on Fuel Economy for Ground Vehicles. Proceedings of the NDIAs Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), Troy, MI, USA.
50. How to Minimize Power Losses in Transmissions, Axles, and Steering Systems
51. Developments in tyre design for lower rolling resistance: A state of the art review10.1177/0954407017727195 ↗
52. Demarco, K., Stratton, J., Chinavare, K., and Vanhouten, G. (2017). The Effects of Mass and Wheel Aerodynamics on Vehicle Fuel Economy, SAE International.10.4271/2017-01-1533 ↗
53. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2023, October 16). Regulation (EU) 2020/740 on the labelling of tyres with respect to fuel efficiency and other parameters, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1369 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/740/oj.
54. Fundamentals of rolling resistance10.5254/1.3547650 ↗
55. Evans, L., and MacIssac, J. (2023, September 25). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (HTSA). Tire Fuel Efficiency Consumer Information Program Developmen: Phase 1—Evaluation of Laboratory Test Protocols. U.S. Department of Transportation, Available online: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/03/30/2010-6907/tire-fuel-efficiency-consumer-information-program.
56. Yokohama (2023, October 28). Care and Safety: Rolling Resistance. Available online: https://www.y-yokohama.com/global/product/tire/learn/care_safety/rolling_resistance/.
57. (2020). Rolling Resistance Measurement Procedure for Passenger Car, Light Truck, and Highway Truck and Bus Tires (Standard No. SAE J1269_202012 Technical Standard).
58. Osborne, S., Kopinsky, J., Norton, S., Sutherland, A., Lancaster, D., Nielsen, E., Isenstadt, A., and German, J. (2016). Automotive Thermal Management Technology. Int. Counc. Clean Transp., 1–16.
59. Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Warm Weather
60. Farrington, R.B., Rugh, J.P., and Barber, G.D. (2000). Effect of Solar-Reflective Glazing on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Thermal Comfort, SAE International.10.4271/2000-01-2694 ↗
61. Thermal Management of Vehicle Cabins, External Surfaces, and Onboard Electronics: An Overview10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.009 ↗
62. Berry, I.M. (2010). The Effects of Driving Style and Vehicle Performance on the Real-World Fuel Consumption of US Light-Duty Vehicles. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology].
63. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe–Laboratory versus real-world emissions10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.004 ↗
64. David, W., and North, R. (2013). An Evaluation of the Estimated Impacts on Vehicle Emissions of a 20 mph Speed Restriction in Central London, Transport and Environmental Analysis Group. Imperial College London.
65. Eco-driving by replicating best driving practices10.1080/15568318.2017.1334107 ↗
66. OBD-II sensor diagnostics for monitoring vehicle operation and consumption10.1016/j.egyr.2019.10.018 ↗
67. Does dynamic federalism yield compatible policies? A study of the designs of federal and state vehicle policies
68. U.S. Department of Transportation (2009). Assessing the Full Costs of Congestion on Surface Transportation Systems and Reducing Them through Pricing, Office of Economic and Strategic Analysis.
69. (2019). White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan, 2019, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism.
70. Schoettle, B., Sivak, M., and Tunnell, M. (2023, September 21). Report No. SWT-2016-12. A Survey of Fuel Economy and Fuel Usage by Heavy-Duty Truck Fleets. University of Michigan. American Transportation Research Institute. Available online: https://truckingresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2016.ATRI-UMTRI.FuelEconomyReport.Final_.pdf.
71. Ramachandran, K., Kanchustambham, S., Wingerden, V., Ladipo, O., Aggarwal, S., and Rucker, A. (2012). Road Transport: Unlocking fuel-Saving Technologies in Trucking and Fleets, Carbon War Room.
72. (2006). Guía para la Gestión del Combustible en las Flotas de Transporte por Carretera, Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía (IDAE).
73. (2023, November 01). Ley 697 de 2001. Mediante la Cual se Fomenta el uso Racional y Eficiente de la Energía, se Promueve la Utilización de Energías Alternativas y se Dictan Otras Disposiciones, Available online: https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=4449.
74. (2019). Ley 1964 de 2019. Por Medio de la Cual se Promueve el uso de Vehículos Eléctricos en Colombia y se Dictan Otras Disposiciones, Ministerio de Minas y Energía República de Colombia.
75. (2016). Plan de Acción Indicativo de Eficiencia Energética 2017–2022. Una Realidad y Oportunidad para Colombia, Ministerio de Minas y Energía.
76. Martínez, H., and Castellanos, S. (2019). Etiqueta y Norma de Eficiencia para Vehículos Livianos: Beneficios, Barreras y Estudios de caso: Una Herramienta para su Implementación en Países Latinoamericanos, Inter-American Development Bank.10.18235/0001877 ↗
77. (2019, April 01). La Necesidad de un Etiquetado de Rendimiento y Emisiones Contaminantes en Vehículos Nuevos. Available online: https://elpoderdelconsumidor.org/wp-content/upload.
78. A review of the current automotive manufacturing practice from an energy perspective10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114074 ↗
79. Vaz, C.R., Rauen, T.R.S., and Lezana, Á.G.R. (2017). Sustainability and innovation in the automotive sector: A structured content analysis. Sustainability, 9.10.3390/su9060880 ↗
80. Wallis, J., and Ferrone, C.W. (1994). A Review of Remanufactured Engine Technology for the Fleet Operator, SAE International.10.4271/942315 ↗
81. Hung, A., Tsang, M., Ha, K., Cheung, C.S., and Hung, W.T. (2003). Hong Kong Experience in Retrofitting In-Use Diesel Vehicles, SAE International.10.4271/2003-01-1391 ↗
82. The effect of remanufacturing and direct reuse on resource productivity of China’s automotive production10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.119 ↗
83. Orecchini, F., Santiangeli, A., and Zuccari, F. (2020). Real drive well-to-wheel energy analysis of conventional and electrified car powertrains. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13184788 ↗
84. Viability of highly efficient multi-horsepower line-start permanent-magnet motors10.1109/TIA.2014.2347239 ↗
85. Comparison of induction and PM synchronous motor drives for EV application including design examples10.1109/TIA.2012.2227092 ↗
86. Dendrite initiation and propagation in lithium metal solid-state batteries10.1038/s41586-023-05970-4 ↗
87. Interface design for all-solid-state lithium batteries10.1038/s41586-023-06653-w ↗
88. Analysis and key findings from real-world electric vehicle field data10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.018 ↗
89. Marchesoni, M. (2020). Energy Efficiency in Electric Motors, Drives, Power Converters and Related Systems, MDPI.
90. Litman, T. (2023). Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions: Implications for Transport Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
91. (2010). Caracterización Energética del Sector Transporte Carretero en Colombia, Econometría S.A.. Informe Final.
92. Informe Económico (2021). Evolución y Perspectivas 2020–2021 del Mercado de Combustibles Líquidos en Colombia, Asociación Colombiana de Petróleo.