Impact of Deep Eutectic Solvents on Extraction of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds and Skin
Source abstract
Abstract
In the past few years, research efforts have focused on plant exploitation for deriving some valuable compounds. Extraction has been usually performed using petrochemical and volatile organic solvents, but nowadays, increased recognition of environmental pollution has prompted the utilization of green solvents as alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to exploit deep eutectic solvents (DES) (choline chloride: citric acid and choline chloride: glucose) as solvents for extracting valuable phenolic antioxidants from grapes. Investigation was conducted on ten grape varieties, observing seeds and skin as different matrix. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric microassay. Antioxidant activity was investigated using four different tests and results were combined in a unique Antioxidant Composite Index (ACI) to reveal comprehensive information about this biological activity. Polyphenol compounds were identified and quantified with the aim of HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). Overall results support that DES (particularly choline chloride: citric acid) were comparable to conventional solvent, and in most cases even outperformed acidified aqueous ethanol (concerning extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity). Regardless of varietal distinctions, grape seeds have higher antioxidant capacity compared to grape skin, and such findings are according to their phenol compound concentrations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fermentation and Sensory Analysis · Biochemical and biochemical processes · Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Funding
Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Characterisation of various grape seed oils by volatile compounds, triacylglycerol composition, total phenols and antioxidant capacity10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.063 ↗
2. Phenolics and ripening in grape berries10.5344/ajev.2006.57.3.249 ↗
3. Review of the pharmacological effects of Vitis vinifera (Grape) and its bioactive constituents: An update10.1002/ptr.5644 ↗
4. Rasines-Perea, Z., and Teissedre, P.L. (2017). Grape polyphenols’ effects in human cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Molecules, 22.10.3390/molecules22010068 ↗
5. A Randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial on effects of a Vitis vinifera extract on cognitive function in healthy older adults10.3389/fphar.2017.00776 ↗
6. FAOSTAT (2020, February 24). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.
7. Food industry waste: Mine of nutraceuticals
8. Residues of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil production as a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.005 ↗
9. Towards integral utilization of grape pomace from winemaking process: A review10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.017 ↗
10. Enabling technologies for the extraction of grape-pomace anthocyanins using natural deep eutectic solvents in up-to-half-litre batches extraction of grape-pomace anthocyanins using NADES10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125185 ↗
11. Skarpalezos, D., and Detsi, A. (2019). Deep Eutectic Solvents as Extraction Media for Valuable Flavonoids from Natural Sources. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9194169 ↗
12. Natural deep eutectic solvents as beneficial extractants for enhancement of plant extracts bioactivity10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.037 ↗
13. Natural deep eutectic solvents from choline chloride and betaine- Physicochemical properties10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.051 ↗
14. Natural deep eutectic solvents providing enhanced stability of natural colorants from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.155 ↗
15. Hydrolase-catalyzed biotransformations in deep eutectic solvents10.1039/b716317g ↗
16. Impact of ionic liquid physical properties on lipase activity and stability10.1021/ja028557x ↗
17. Enzyme catalysis in ionic liquids10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00353-1 ↗
18. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of different grape cultivars grown in China10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.042 ↗
19. Comparative study of the phenolic composition of seeds and skins from Carménère and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) during ripening10.1021/jf904314u ↗
20. Polyphenolic profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of grape skin extracts of 14 Vitis vinifera varieties grown in Dalmatia (Croatia)10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.019 ↗
21. Polyphenolic compounds in seeds from some grape cultivars grown in Serbia10.2298/JSC100519131G ↗
22. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berry skin, pulp, and seeds in 13 grapevine varieties grown in Serbia10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.051 ↗
23. Šuković, D., Knežević, B., Gašić, U., Sredojević, M., Ćirić, I., Todić, S., Mutić, J., and Tešić, Ž. (2020). Phenolic Profiles of Leaves, Grapes and Wine of Grapevine Variety Vranac (Vitis vinifera L.) from Montenegro. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9020138 ↗
24. Grape seed polyphenols and fatty acids of autochthonous ‘Prokupac’ vine variety from Serbia10.1002/cbdv.201900053 ↗
25. Green extraction of grape skin phenolics by using deep eutectic solvents10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.040 ↗
26. Ready-to-use green polyphenolic extracts from food by-products10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.061 ↗
27. Correlation between antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, and polyphenols of alkalized/nonalkalized cocoa powders10.1111/1750-3841.13672 ↗
28. A rapid microtitre plate Folin-Ciocalteu method for the assessment of polyphenols10.2478/s11535-012-0107-3 ↗
29. A universally calibrated microplate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for foods and applications to Manuka honey10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.009 ↗
30. Sideritis galatica Bornm.: A source of multifunctional agents for the management of oxidative damage, Alzheimer’s’s and diabetes mellitus10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.011 ↗
31. A microassay for quantification of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging10.5897/AJBR2013.0669 ↗
32. A physiologic approach to test the global antioxidant response of foods. The GAR method10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.009 ↗
33. Comparison of antioxidant potency of commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the United States10.1021/jf073035s ↗
34. Ky, I., Lorrain, B., Kolbas, N., Crozier, A., and Teissedre, P.L. (2014). Wine by-products: Phenolic characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of grapes and grape pomaces from six different French grape varieties. Molecules, 19.10.3390/molecules19010482 ↗
35. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.049 ↗
36. Glucose-based deep eutectic solvents: Physical properties10.1016/j.molliq.2012.11.025 ↗
37. Ky, I., and Teissedre, P.L. (2015). Characterisation of Mediterranean grape pomace seed and skin extracts: Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Molecules, 20.10.3390/molecules20022190 ↗
38. Natural deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction: Green approaches for extraction of wine lees anthocyanins10.1016/j.fbp.2016.12.005 ↗
39. Efficient extraction of proanthocyanidin from Ginkgo biloba leaves employing rationally designed deep eutectic solvent-water mixture and evaluation of the antioxidant activity10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.007 ↗
40. Application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) for phenolic compounds extraction: Overview, challenges, and opportunities10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01054 ↗
41. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3 ↗
42. Varietal differences among the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of seven table grape cultivars grown in the south of Italy based on chemometrics10.1021/jf203003c ↗
43. Effect of food additive citric acid on the growth of human esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109
44. Clastogenic effects of food additive citric acid in human peripheral lymphocytes10.1007/s10616-008-9137-0 ↗
45. Phenolic profiling of the skin, pulp and seeds of Albariño grapes using hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.115 ↗
46. Extraction of flavan-3-ols from grape seed and skin into wine using simulated maceration10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.019 ↗
47. Major flavan-3-ol composition and antioxidant activity of seeds from different grape cultivars grown in Turkey10.1007/s00217-005-0050-x ↗
48. Phenolic compounds in skins and seeds of ten grape Vitis vinifera varieties grown in a warm climate10.1016/j.jfca.2005.05.003 ↗
49. Efficient extraction of major catechins in Camellia sinensis leaves using green choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents10.1039/C5RA15830C ↗