Shifting from Conventional to Organic Filter Media in Wastewater Biofiltration Treatment: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
Biofiltration is a promising wastewater treatment green technology employed to remove various types of pollutants. The efficiency of biofiltration relies on biofilm, and its performance is significantly influenced by various factors such as dissolved oxygen concentration, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, temperature, and filter media selection. The existing biofilters utilize conventional media such as gravel, sand, anthracite, and many other composite materials. The material cost of these conventional filter materials is usually higher compared to using organic waste materials as the filter media. However, the utilization of organic materials as biofilter media has not been fully explored and their potential in terms of physicochemical properties to promote biofilm growth is lacking in the literature. Therefore, this review critically discusses the potential of shifting conventional filter media to that of organic in biofiltration wastewater treatment, focusing on filtration efficiency-influenced factors, their comparative filtration performance, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as challenges and prospective areas of organic biofilter development.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Membrane Separation Technologies · Urban Stormwater Management Solutions · Water Treatment and Disinfection
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
References (99)
Show source-provided references
1. Enrichment and characterization of a bacteria consortium capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification at low temperature10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.098 ↗
2. Bahrodin, M.B., Zaidi, N.S., Hussein, N., Sillanpää, M., Prasetyo, D.D., and Syafiuddin, A. (2021). Recent Advances on Coagulation-Based Treatment of Wastewater: Transition from Chemical to Natural Coagulant. Curr. Pollut. Rep., 1–13.10.1007/s40726-021-00191-7 ↗
3. Lani, N.H.M., Yusop, Z., and Syafiuddin, A. (2018). A review of rainwater harvesting in Malaysia: Prospects and challenges. Water, 10.10.3390/w10040506 ↗
4. Optimization of operating parameters for aggregation under magnetic field by response surface methodology
5. Optimization of activated sludge physical properties by magnetic field via response surface modelling10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.567.98 ↗
6. Silver Nanoparticles in the Water Environment in Malaysia: Inspection, characterization, removal, modeling, and future perspective10.1038/s41598-018-19375-1 ↗
7. Wastewater Treatment by Biological Methods10.1016/B978-0-444-59399-3.00007-6 ↗
8. From conventional to biological removal of iron and manganese in France10.1002/j.1551-8833.1992.tb07342.x ↗
9. Prospective biodegradation of organic and nitrogenous pollutants from palm oil mill effluent by acidophilic bacteria and archaea10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100809 ↗
10. Biodegradation of Mordant orange-1 using newly isolated strain Trichoderma harzianum RY44 and its metabolite appraisal10.1007/s00449-018-1897-0 ↗
11. Biotransformation and Detoxification of Antraquione Dye Green 3 using halophilic Hortaea sp.10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.03.011 ↗
12. Characterization of pyrene and chrysene degradation by halophilic Hortaea sp. B1510.1007/s00449-019-02096-8 ↗
13. Decolorization and biotransformation pathway of textile dye by Cylindrocephalum aurelium10.1007/s00449-019-02144-3 ↗
14. Exploring the potential of halotolerant bacteria for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon10.1007/s00449-020-02415-4 ↗
15. Challenges and Solutions for Sustainable Groundwater Usage: Pollution Control and Integrated Management10.1007/s40726-020-00167-z ↗
16. Decolorization kinetics and mass transfer mechanisms of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye mediated by different fungi10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00573 ↗
17. Recent advances on bacterial quorum quenching as an effective strategy to control biofouling in membrane bioreactors10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100745 ↗
18. Assessment of a Ficus benjamina wood chip-based aerated biofilter used for the removal of metformin and ciprofloxacin during domestic wastewater treatment10.1002/jctb.5962 ↗
19. Biofiltration—The treatment of fluids by microorganisms immobilized into the filter bedding material: A review10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00074-2 ↗
20. Enhanced biofiltration of O&G produced water comparing granular activated carbon and nutrients10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.228 ↗
21. Conventional drinking water treatment and direct biofiltration for the removal of pharmaceuticals and artificial sweeteners: A pilot-scale approach10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.145 ↗
22. Removal of alkylphenols and polybromodiphenylethers by a biofiltration treatment plant during dry and wet-weather periods10.2166/wst.2012.055 ↗
23. Zeng, H., Yin, C., Zhang, J., and Li, D. (2019). Start-up of a biofilter in a full-scale groundwater treatment plant for iron and manganese removal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16050698 ↗
24. Improving nitrogen removal in biological aeration filter for domestic sewage treatment via adjusting microbial community structure10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122006 ↗
25. The feasibility of an up-flow partially aerated biological filter (U-PABF) for nitrogen and COD removal from domestic wastewater10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.098 ↗
26. Efficiency of nitrification in trickling filters using different filter media10.1016/S0144-8609(99)00032-1 ↗
27. Effects of water temperature and backwashing on bacterial population and community in a biological activated carbon process at a water treatment plant10.1007/s00253-013-5057-9 ↗
28. Interactions between ammonia, iron and manganese removal using pilot-scale biofilters10.2166/aqua.2017.089 ↗
29. Mesquite wood chips (Prosopis) as filter media in a biofilter system for municipal wastewater treatment10.2166/wst.2015.595 ↗
30. Wood chips and wheat straw as alternative biofilter media for denitrification reactors treating aquaculture and other wastewaters with high nitrate concentrations10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.06.003 ↗
31. Performance of a biofilter system with agave fiber filter media for municipal wastewater treatment10.2166/wst.2013.285 ↗
32. Removal of ammonium, iron and manganese from potable water in biofiltration units: A review10.1002/jctb.4031 ↗
33. Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment—A review10.1002/jctb.4860 ↗
34. A review of biological aerated filters for iron and manganese ions removal in water treatment10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.01.010 ↗
35. Biodegradable organic matter and rapid-rate biofilter performance: A review10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.048 ↗
36. A review of biological drinking water treatment technologies for contaminants removal from polluted water resources10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101035 ↗
37. A review on the design criteria of biological aerated filter for COD, ammonia and manganese removal in drinking water treatment
38. Evaluation of Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) process inwastewater treatment secondary effluent for reclamation purposes10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.060 ↗
39. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed bioreactor and other biological systems10.1007/s00449-020-02475-6 ↗
40. Effects of changing hydraulic and organic loading rates on pollutant reduction in bark, charcoal and sand filters treating greywater10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.005 ↗
41. Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor using powdered minerals: Effects of organic loading rates on COD removal and nitrification10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00044-4 ↗
42. Biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater from the antibiotics industry10.2166/wst.2013.729 ↗
43. Bhattacharya, J., Dev, S., and Das, B. (2018). Design of Wastewater Bioremediation Plant and Systems, Butterworth-Heinemann.10.1016/B978-0-12-812510-6.00011-5 ↗
44. Hygienic quality of artificial greywater subjected to aerobic treatment: A comparison of three filter media at increasing organic loading rates10.1080/09593330.2013.783603 ↗
45. Kim, M.S., Cha, J., and Kim, D.H. (2013). Fermentative Biohydrogen Production from Solid Wastes, Elsevier BV. [1st ed.].10.1016/B978-0-444-59555-3.00011-8 ↗
46. Velvizhi, G. (2018). Overview of Bioelectrochemical Treatment Systems for Wastewater Remediation, Elsevier BV.10.1016/B978-0-444-64052-9.00024-8 ↗
47. Nitrifying and heterotrophic population dynamics in biofilm reactors: Effects of hydraulic retention time and the presence of organic carbon10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00229-9 ↗
48. HRT effect on simultaneous cod, ammonia and manganese removal from drinking water treatment system using a biological aerated filter (BAF)10.30638/eemj.2018.021 ↗
49. Cool temperature performance of a wheat straw biofilter for treating dairy wastewater10.1081/PFC-120014879 ↗
50. Zhang, Q., Chen, X., Luo, W., Wu, H., Liu, X., Chen, W., Tang, J., and Zhang, L. (2019). Effects of temperature on the characteristics of nitrogen removal and microbial community in post solid-phase denitrification biofilter process. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.10.3390/ijerph16224466 ↗
51. Bacterial Community and Function of Biological Activated Carbon Filter in Drinking Water Treatment
52. Emerging Contaminant Removal by Biofiltration: Temperature, Concentration, and EBCT Impacts
53. Advanced biological activated carbon filter for removing pharmaceutically active compounds from treated wastewater10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.214 ↗
54. Use of biofilter as pre-treatment of polluted river water for drinking water supply10.4491/eer.2016.110 ↗
55. Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling10.2166/wst.2011.259 ↗
56. Enhanced pathogen removal in on-site biofiltration systems over organic filtration materials
57. Performance of wood chips/peanut shells biofilters used to remove organic matter from domestic wastewater10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139589 ↗
58. Sugarcane bagasse as alternative packing material for biofiltration of benzene polluted gaseous streams: A preliminary study10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00192-4 ↗
59. Denitrification of groundwater using Brewer’s spent grain as biofilter media10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.092 ↗
60. Phenol biodegradation by free and immobilized Candida tropicalis RETL-Crl on coconut husk and loofah packed in biofilter column10.1088/1757-899X/78/1/012032 ↗
61. Nitrogen removal and microbial community for the treatment of rural domestic sewage with low C/N ratio by A/O biofilter with Arundo donax as carbon source and filter media10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101509 ↗
62. Performance of Agricultural Wastes as a Biofilter Media for Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology10.9734/AIR/2016/27926 ↗
63. Empirical models of kinetic rate for river treatment analysis of cellulosic materials10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.04.011 ↗
64. Analysis of Metabolites and Carbon Balance in the Biofilteration of Cumene Using Loofa Sponge as Biofilter Media10.1007/s12010-016-2102-z ↗
65. Adsorption characteristics of phenol and chlorophenols on granular activated carbons (GAC)10.1016/S0026-265X(01)00109-6 ↗
66. Variations in dissolved organic nitrogen concentration in biofilters with different media during drinking water treatment10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.092 ↗
67. Efficient removal of disinfection by-products precursors and inhibition of bacterial detachment by strong interaction of EPS with coconut shell activated carbon in ozone/biofiltration10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122077 ↗
68. Comparative assessment of ceramic media for drinking water biofiltration10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.019 ↗
69. Removal of Mn and Simultaneous Removal of NH3, Fe and Mn from Potable Water Using a Tricking Filter10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00471-5 ↗
70. Effect of zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00258-8 ↗
71. Biological denitrification of drinking water in a slow sand filter10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.012 ↗
72. Biological filtration for removal of arsenic from drinking water10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.004 ↗
73. Autotrophic nitrogen removal process in a potable water treatment biofilter that simultaneously removes Mn and NH4 + -N10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.027 ↗
74. Distribution and genetic diversity of the microorganisms in the biofilter for the simultaneous removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated groundwater10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.067 ↗
75. Distribution and genetic diversity of microbial populations in the pilot-scale biofilter for simultaneous removal of ammonia, iron and manganese from real groundwater10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.075 ↗
76. Impact of temperature reduction on partial nitrification in a batch biofilter10.1088/1755-1315/208/1/012106 ↗
77. Autotrophic nitrogen conversion process and microbial population distribution in biofilter that simultaneously removes Fe, Mn and ammonia from groundwater10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.09.008 ↗
78. Advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent using a deep bed denitrification filter10.2166/wst.2018.231 ↗
79. Single-stage denitrifying phosphorus removal biofilter utilizing intracellular carbon source for advanced nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.025 ↗
80. Simultaneous Ammonia Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Micro-Polluted Water by Biological Aerated Filters with Different Media10.1007/s11270-020-04616-9 ↗
81. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in biofilters with real time aeration control10.2166/wst.2001.0057 ↗
82. Nitrogen loss and oxygen paradox in full-scale biofiltration for drinking water treatment10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.006 ↗
83. Identification of nitrifiers and nitrification performance in drinking water biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.004 ↗
84. On-off control of aeration time in the simultaneous removal of ammonia and manganese using a biological aerated filter system10.1016/j.psep.2012.10.001 ↗
85. Changes of biomass and bacterial communities in biological activated carbon filters for drinking water treatment10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.016 ↗
86. Evaluation of denitrification-nitrification biofilter systems in treating wastewater with low carbon: Nitrogen ratios10.1080/09593330.2014.971886 ↗
87. Achieving partial denitrification through control of biofilm structure during biofilm growth in denitrifying biofilter10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.034 ↗
88. Rodziewicz, J., Ostrowska, K., Janczukowicz, W., and Mielcarek, A. (2019). Effectiveness of Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Biofilters Treating Wastewater from De-Icing Airport Runways. Water, 11.10.3390/w11030630 ↗
89. Spatial denitrification performance and microbial community composition in an up-flow immobilized biofilter for nitrate micro-polluted water treatment10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120913 ↗
90. The performance of fibrous peat biofilters in treating domestic strength wastewater10.1080/10934520600614421 ↗
91. Aeration effect on the efficiency of swine manure treatment in a trickling filter packed with organic materials10.2166/wst.2007.316 ↗
92. Performance of Trickling Filter with Bio Fillings for the Treatment of Municipal Waste Water
93. Treatment of wastewater from a school in a decentralized filtration system by percolation over organic packing media10.2166/wst.2011.425 ↗
94. Treatment of heavily polluted river water by tidal-operated biofilters with organic/inorganic media: Evaluation of performance and bacterial community10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.060 ↗
95. Selection and application of agricultural wastes as solid carbon sources and biofilm carriers in MBR10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.036 ↗
96. Bioresource Technology Insights into bio fi lm carriers for biological wastewater treatment processes: Current state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121619 ↗
97. Aerobic biofiltration processes—Advances in wastewater treatment10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2006)10:4(264) ↗
98. Tertiary nitrogen removal for municipal wastewater using a solid-phase denitrifying biofilter with polycaprolactone as the carbon source and filtration medium10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.009 ↗
99. The Effectiveness Comparison of Type of Treatments in Decreasing of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in Household Wastewater10.37506/ijphrd.v11i3.2572 ↗