journal article·2022-01-06Open access

Electronic Voting System Using an Enterprise Blockchain

Camilo Denis González, Daniel Frias Mena, Alexi Massó Muñoz, Omar Rojas, Guillermo Sosa-Gómez

Applied Sciences· Volume 12· Issue 2

Abstract

Conventional electronic voting systems use a centralized scheme. A central administration of these systems manages the entire voting process and has partial or total control over the database and the system itself. This creates some problems, accidental or intentional, such as possible manipulation of the database and double voting. Many of these problems have been solved thanks to permissionless blockchain technologies in new voting systems; however, the classic consensus method of such blockchains requires specific computing power during each voting operation. This has a significant impact on power consumption, compromises the efficiency and increases the system latency. However, using a permissioned blockchain improves efficiency and reduces system energy consumption, mainly due to the elimination of the typical consensus protocols used by public blockchains. The use of smart contracts provides a secure mechanism to guarantee the accuracy of the voting result and make the counting procedure public and protected against fraudulent actions, and contributes to preserving the anonymity of the votes. Its adoption in electronic voting systems can help mitigate part of these problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that ensures high reliability by applying enterprise blockchain technology to electronic voting, securing the secret ballot. In addition, a flexible network configuration is presented, discussing how the solution addresses some of the security and reliability issues commonly faced by electronic voting system solutions.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting · Blockchain Technology Applications and Security · Privacy, Security, and Data Protection

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Cryptography, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad Panamericana, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan 45010, Jalisco, Mexico

Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. Secure digital voting system based on blockchain technology10.4018/IJEGR.2018010103 ↗
2. Alam, K.R., Maruf, A., Rakib, R.R., and Ali, G.G.N. (2018). An Untraceable Voting Scheme Based on Pairs of Signatures. Int. J. Netw. Secur., 20.
3. Formalising receipt-freeness10.1007/11836810_34 ↗
4. Delaune, S., Kremer, S., and Ryan, M.D. (2005, January 15–16). Receipt-freeness: Formal definition and fault attacks. Proceedings of the Workshop Frontiers in Electronic Elections (FEE 2005), Milan, Italy.
5. Receipt-free secret-ballot elections (Extended abstract)
6. Auditable blockchain voting system–The blockchain technology toward the electronic voting process10.1504/IJWGS.2020.106102 ↗
7. Investigating performance constraints for blockchain based secure e-voting system10.1016/j.future.2019.11.005 ↗
8. Taş, R., and Tanrıöver, Ö.Ö. (2020). A systematic review of challenges and opportunities of blockchain for e-voting. Symmetry, 12.10.3390/sym12081328 ↗
9. Hjálmarsson, F.Þ, Hreiðarsson, G.K., Hamdaqa, M., and Hjálmtýsson, G. (2018, January 2–7). Blockchain based e-voting system. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), San Francisco, CA, USA.10.1109/CLOUD.2018.00151 ↗
10. Daramola, O., and Thebus, D. (2020). Architecture-centric evaluation of blockchain-based smart contract e-voting for national elections. Informatics, 7.10.3390/informatics7020016 ↗
11. Alvi, S.T., Uddin, M.N., and Islam, L. (2020, January 20–22). Digital voting: A blockchain-based e-voting system using biohash and smart contract. Proceedings of the 2020 Third International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT), Tirunelveli, India.10.1109/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214250 ↗
12. Blockchain-based secured e-voting system to remove the opacity and ensure the clarity of election of developing countries
13. Kamil, M., Bist, A.S., Rahardja, U., Santoso, N.P.L., and Iqbal, M. (2021). Covid-19: Implementation e-voting Blockchain Concept. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Res., 25–34.10.29099/ijair.v5i1.173 ↗
14. Gaur, N., O’Dowd, A., Novotny, P., Desrosiers, L., Ramakrishna, V., and Baset, S.A. (2020). Blockchain with Hyperledger Fabric: Build Decentralized Applications Using Hyperledger Fabric 2, Packt Publishing Ltd.
15. Bulut, R., Kantarcı, A., Keskin, S., and Bahtiyar, Ş. (2019, January 11–15). Blockchain-based electronic voting system for elections in Turkey. Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK), Samsun, Turkey.10.1109/UBMK.2019.8907102 ↗
16. Al-Maaitah, S., Qatawneh, M., and Quzmar, A. (2021, January 14–15). E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology: A Survey. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), Amman, Jordan.10.1109/ICIT52682.2021.9491734 ↗
17. Burke, J.J. (2021). Distributed Ledger Technology. Financial Services in the Twenty-First Century, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-63967-9 ↗
19. Barański, S., Szymański, J., Sobecki, A., Gil, D., and Mora, H. (2020). Practical I-voting on stellar blockchain. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10217606 ↗
20. Sallal, M., Owenson, G., and Adda, M. (2020, January 7–10). Security and Performance Evaluation of Master Node Protocol in the Bitcoin Peer-to-Peer Network. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Rennes, France.10.1109/ISCC50000.2020.9219564 ↗
21. Dabbagh, M., Kakavand, M., Tahir, M., and Amphawan, A. (2020, January 26–27). Performance Analysis of Blockchain Platforms: Empirical Evaluation of Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology, IICAIET 2020, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.10.1109/IICAIET49801.2020.9257811 ↗
22. Gorenflo, C., Lee, S., Golab, L., and Keshav, S. (2020). FastFabric: Scaling hyperledger fabric to 20 000 transactions per second. Int. J. Netw. Manag., 30.10.1002/nem.2099 ↗
23. Androulaki, E., Barger, A., Bortnikov, V., Cachin, C., Christidis, K., De Caro, A., Enyeart, D., Ferris, C., Laventman, G., and Manevich, Y. (2018, January 23–26). Hyperledger fabric: A distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference, Porto, Portugal.10.1145/3190508.3190538 ↗
24. Barger, A., Manevich, Y., Meir, H., and Tock, Y. (2021, January 3–6). A Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus Library for Hyperledger Fabric. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), Sydney, Australia.10.1109/ICBC51069.2021.9461099 ↗
25. An Improved Blockchain Consensus Algorithm Based on Raft
26. Ayub Khan, A., Laghari, A.A., Shaikh, A.A., Bourouis, S., Mamlouk, A.M., and Alshazly, H. (2021). Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app112210917 ↗
27. The privacy protection mechanism of Hyperledger Fabric and its application in supply chain finance10.1186/s42400-019-0022-2 ↗
28. Karagiannidis, N., Nadales, D., Truu, A., Voutsinas, N., and Zacharias, T. (2021, October 23). Report on Tools for Secure Ledger Systems; PRIViLEDGE Consortium. Available online: https://media.voog.com/0000/0042/1115/files/D4.4%20%E2%80%93%20Report%20on%20Tools%20for%20Secure%20Ledger%20Systems.pdf.
29. Filiol, E. (2021, January 11–13). Unconventional attack against voting machines enlarging the scope of cybersecurity risk analysis. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy, Online Streaming.10.5220/0010417607630770 ↗
30. Dunn, M., and Merkle, L. (2018, January 8–9). Overview of Software Security Issues in Direct-Recording Electronic Voting Machines. Proceedings of the ICCWS 2018 13th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, Washington, DC, USA.