Durability of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
Strengthening and rehabilitation of masonry and concrete structures by means of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) (also referred to as textile reinforced mortar (TRM)) composites was proposed as an alternative to the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites due to their good mechanical properties and compatibility with the substrate. However, quite limited studies are available in the literature regarding the long-term behavior of FRCM composites with respect to different environmental conditions. This paper presents a thorough review of the available researches on the long-term behavior of FRCM composites. Namely, (i) test set-ups employed to study the FRCM durability, (ii) conditioning environments adopted, and (iii) long-term performance of FRCM and its component materials (mortar and fiber textile) subjected to direct tensile and bond tests, are presented and discussed. Based on the available results, some open issues that need to be covered in future studies are pointed out.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis · Building materials and conservation · Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
ABC Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Civil Engineering Department, University of Wasit, Al-Rabee st, Wasit 00964, Iraq
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Critical review of strength and durability of concrete beams externally bonded with FRP10.1080/23311916.2018.1525015 ↗
2. Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using embedded through section steel bars10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.026 ↗
3. Durability Gap Analysis for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites in Civil Infrastructure10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:3(238) ↗
4. Strength-Fatigue Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Prestressed Concrete T-Beams10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:4(313) ↗
5. Review Study on the Durability of FRP-Confined Concrete10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000520 ↗
6. Developments in the durability of FRP-concrete bond10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.106 ↗
7. State-of-the-art on strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.039 ↗
8. Chen, J.F., and Teng, J.G. (2005). Effect of repeated loading and long term humidity exposure on flexural response of CFRP strengthened concrete beams. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bond Behaviour of FRP in Structures (BBFS 2005), International Institute for FRP in Construction.
9. ACI Committee 440 (2008). Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Existing Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers.
10. Experimental characterization of the bond between externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) CFRP strips and concrete at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.02.008 ↗
11. Mechanical behavior of concrete-resin/adhesive-FRP structural assemblies under low and high temperatures10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.127 ↗
12. Round Robin Test on tensile and bond behaviour of Steel Reinforced Grout systems10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.052 ↗
13. Matrix–fiber bond behavior in PBO FRCM composites: A fracture mechanics approach10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.01.011 ↗
14. Freeze–thaw Durability of Lime Based FRCM Systems for Strengthening Historical Masonry10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.817.174 ↗
15. Donnini, J., Corinaldesi, V., and Nanni, A. (2015). FRCM mechanical properties using carbon fabrics with different coating treatments. ACI Special Publication, American Concrete Institute.10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.11.012 ↗
16. Single-lap shear bond tests on Steel Reinforced Geopolymeric Matrix-concrete joints10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.005 ↗
17. Eco-friendly external strengthening system for existing reinforced concrete beams10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.03.022 ↗
18. Structural behaviour of RC beams externally strengthened in flexure with SRG and SRP systems10.1504/IJSTRUCTE.2014.065928 ↗
19. Out-of-plane maximum resisting bending moment of masonry walls strengthened with FRCM composites10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.04.054 ↗
20. Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Textile Reinforced Mortars: State-of-the-Art Review10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000882 ↗
21. Mechanical properties of textile reinforced concrete under chloride wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycle environments10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.11.020 ↗
22. Tensile behavior of textile reinforced concrete subjected to freezing-thawing cycles in un-cracked and cracked regimes10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.001 ↗
23. International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) (2018). Masonry and Concrete Strengthening Using Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) and Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) Composite Systems AC434, International Code Council Evaluation Service.
24. CSLLPP—Servizio Tecnico Centrale (2019). Linee Guida per la Identificazione, la Qualificazione ed il Controllo di Accettazione di Compositi Fibrorinforzati a Matrice Inorganica (FRCM) da Utilizzarsi per il Consolidamento Strutturale di Costruzioni Esistenti, CSLLPP.
25. Experimental investigation of tensile and bond properties of Carbon-FRCM composites for strengthening masonry elements10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.06.018 ↗
26. Influence of environmental loading on the tensile and cracking behaviour of textile reinforced cementitious composites10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.045 ↗
27. Experimental investigations on the durability of fibre-matrix interfaces in textile-reinforced concrete10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.005 ↗
28. Arboleda, D. (2014). Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites for Infrastructure Strengthening and Rehabilitation: Characterization Methods. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Miami].
29. Mechanical properties and debonding strength of Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems for masonry strengthening10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.056 ↗
30. Focacci, F., D’Antino, T., and Carloni, C. (2019, January 15–19). Analytical modelling of the tensile response of PBO-FRCM composites. Proceedings of the twenty-fourth Italian Association of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Convention (AIMETA 2019), Rome, Italy.
31. ASTM International (2013). Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. ASTM D2344/D2344M-13, ASTM International.
32. (2019). EN 1015-11 BSI Standards Publication Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry, CEN.
33. Durability of glass FRCM systems: Effects of different environments on mechanical properties10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107047 ↗
34. Durability assessment of impregnated Glass Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (GFRCM) composites in the alkaline and saline environments10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.173 ↗
35. Effects of environmental conditioning on the bond behavior of FRP and FRCM systems applied to concrete elements10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001375 ↗
36. Durability of steel FRCM-masonry joints: Effect of water and salt crystallization10.1617/s11527-017-1070-2 ↗
37. Durability of FRP—Concrete bonded joints in structural rehabilitation: A review10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.02.014 ↗
38. BS EN 12467, E.S. (2004). Fibre-cement flat sheets—Product specification and test methods. Shock, 2009, 1–8.
39. ASTM International (2015). Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing. ASTM C666/C666M, ASTM International.
40. ASTM International (2019). Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Matrix Composite Bars Used in Concrete Construction. ASTM D7705/D7705M, ASTM International.
41. Effect of the environment on the performance of GFRP reinforcing bars10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.037 ↗
42. Durability of FRP rods for concrete structures10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.012 ↗
43. Effects of rising damp and salt crystallization cycles in FRCM-masonry interfacial debonding: Towards an accelerated laboratory test method10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.164 ↗
44. Effects of applied environmental conditions on the pull-out strengths of CFRP-concrete bond10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.195 ↗
45. (1999). EN 12370:1999 Natural Stone Test Methods: Resistance to Salt Crystallization, CEN.
46. RILEM TC 127-MS MS-A.1 (1998). Determination of the resistance of wallettes against sulphates and chlorides. Mat. Struct., 31, 2–9.10.1007/BF02486406 ↗
47. Durability of textile reinforced concrete made with AR glass fibre: Effect of the matrix composition10.1617/s11527-010-9586-8 ↗
48. Damage and damage resistance of high strength concrete under the action of load and freeze–thaw cycles10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00097-6 ↗
49. Effects of strength, permeability, and air void parameters on freezing-thawing resistance of concrete with and without air entrainment10.1520/JAI102454 ↗
50. Accelerated aging behaviour of the adhesive bond between concrete specimens and CFRP overlays10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.003 ↗
51. Tensile behaviour of textile reinforcement under accelerated aging conditions10.1016/j.jobe.2015.11.006 ↗
52. Aging of alkali-resistant glass and basalt fibers in alkaline solutions: Evaluation of the failure stress by Weibull distribution function10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.09.018 ↗
53. Long-term tensile properties of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites: Comparison of flax and glass fibres10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.03.079 ↗
54. Corrosion resistance of galvanized steel reinforcements in carbonated concrete: Effect of wet–dry cycles in tap water and in chloride solution on the passivating layer10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.014 ↗
55. Effect of inhibitors on the corrosion of galvanized steel and on mortar properties10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.014 ↗
56. Degradation mechanism of galvanized steel in wet–dry cyclic environment containing chloride ions10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00153-7 ↗
57. Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Single-Lap Direct Shear Tests of FRCM-Concrete Joints Using a Cohesive Damaged Contact Approach10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000827 ↗