journal article·2019-05-08Open access

Generalized Boundary Conditions in Surface Electromagnetics: Fundamental Theorems and Surface Characterizations

Xiao Liu, Fan Yang, Maokun Li, Shenheng Xu

Applied Sciences· Volume 9· Issue 9

Abstract

Generalized boundary conditions (GBCs) for electromagnetic surfaces are investigated in this paper, which can be used to analytically characterize field discontinuities across two-dimensional surfaces. First, five representative features are described to categorize various surface problems which require proper GBC-based characterization procedures. Next, the generalized boundary conditions are discussed in details, in association with impedance boundary conditions, generalized sheet transition conditions, and surface scattering coefficients. Then an extraction method for surface susceptibilities, the characteristic parameters of surfaces in GBCs, are proposed and validated. Finally, to illustrate the applications of GBCs, two representative surface problems are demonstrated, namely, isolated-aperture surface analysis and surface-wave mode characterization. For the isolated-aperture surface, a characterization procedure is derived based on GBCs and Babinet’s principle, and the accuracy is validated through comparison with full-wave simulations. For surface wave analysis, a characterization procedure is also developed from GBCs, and the feasibility is verified by numerical examples as well.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies · Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications · Microwave Engineering and Waveguides

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Funding

Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)

References (45)

Show source-provided references
1. Techniques for Analyzing Frequency Selective Surfaces-A Review10.1109/5.16352 ↗
2. Wu, T.K. (1995). Frequency Selective Surface and Grid Array, Wiley-Interscience.
3. Munk, B. (2005). Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons.
4. High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces with a Forbidden Frequency Band10.1109/22.798001 ↗
5. Microstrip Antennas Integrated with Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structures: A Low Mutual Coupling Design for Array Applications10.1109/TAP.2003.817983 ↗
6. Yang, F., and Rahmat-Samii, Y. (2009). Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in Antenna Engineering, Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511754531 ↗
7. An Overview of the Theory and Applications of Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalents of Metamaterials10.1109/MAP.2012.6230714 ↗
8. Kildishev, A.V., Boltasseva, A., and Shalaev, V.M. (2013). Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces. Science, 339.10.1126/science.1232009 ↗
9. Dielectric Gradient Metasurface Optical Elements10.1126/science.1253213 ↗
10. Pozar, D.M. (2009). Microwave Engineering, John Wiley & Sons.
11. Characterizing Metasurfaces/Metafilms: The Connection Between Surface Susceptibilities and Effective Material Properties10.1109/LAWP.2011.2182591 ↗
12. Idemen, M.M. (2011). Discontinuities in the Electromagnetic Field, John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/9781118057926 ↗
13. Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction10.1126/science.1210713 ↗
14. Discontinuous Electromagnetic Fields Using Orthogonal Electric and Magnetic Currents for Wavefront Manipulation10.1364/OE.21.014409 ↗
15. Impedance Boundary Conditions for Imperfectly Conducting Surfaces10.1007/BF02920074 ↗
16. Hoppe, D.J., and Rahmat-Samii, Y. (1995). Impedance Boundary Conditions in Electromagnetics, CRC Press.
17. Tretyakov, S. (2003). Analytical Modeling in Applied Electromagnetics, Artech House.
18. Averaged Transition Conditions for Electromagnetic Fields at a Metafilm10.1109/TAP.2003.817560 ↗
19. Electromagnetic Boundaries with PEC/PMC Equivalence10.2528/PIERL16061805 ↗
20. Electromagnetic Wave Reflection From Boundaries Defined by General Linear and Local Conditions10.1109/TAP.2017.2723913 ↗
21. Reflection and Transmission Properties of a Metafilm: With an Application to a Controllable Surface Composed of Resonant Particles10.1109/TEMC.2005.853719 ↗
22. Balanis, C.A. (2012). Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons.
23. Transmission Phase Limit of Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surfaces for Transmitarray Designs10.1109/TAP.2013.2289313 ↗
24. Analysis of Reflectarray Antenna Elements under Arbitrary Incident Angles and Polarizations Using Generalized Boundary Conditions10.1109/LAWP.2018.2871093 ↗
25. Metasurfing: Addressing Waves on Impenetrable Metasurfaces10.1109/LAWP.2012.2183631 ↗
26. Nayeri, P., Yang, F., and Elsherbeni, A.Z. (2018). Reflectarray Antennas: Theory, Designs, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/9781118846728 ↗
27. Use of Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions to Model Guided Waves on Metasurfaces/Metafilms10.1109/TAP.2012.2207668 ↗
28. Equivalent Transmission Line Model with a Lumped X-Circuit for a Metalayer Made of Pairs of Planar Conductors10.1109/TAP.2012.2225013 ↗
29. Circuit Modeling of Huygens Surfaces10.1109/LAWP.2013.2293631 ↗
30. Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor10.1163/156939305775468741 ↗
31. General Metasurface Synthesis Based on Susceptibility Tensors10.1109/TAP.2015.2423700 ↗
32. Waveguides Composed of Metafilms/Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalent of Metamaterials10.1109/LAWP.2009.2018123 ↗
33. Simulation of Metasurfaces in Finite Difference Techniques10.1109/TAP.2016.2601347 ↗
34. Sandeep, S., Jin, J.M., and Caloz, C. (2017). Finite Element Modeling of Metasurfaces with Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.10.1109/TAP.2017.2679478 ↗
35. Generalized Sheet Transition Condition FDTD Simulation of Metasurface10.1109/TAP.2017.2772022 ↗
36. Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions for a Metascreen—A Fishnet Metasurface10.1109/TAP.2018.2809620 ↗
37. Born, M., and Wolf, E. (1959). Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffaction of Light, Pergamon Press.
38. Harrington, R.F. (1961). Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw-Hill.
39. A Printed Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on a Sinusoidally-Modulated Reactance Surface10.1109/TAP.2011.2143668 ↗
40. Modulated Metasurface Antennas for Space: Synthesis, Analysis and Realizations10.1109/TAP.2014.2377718 ↗
41. Synthesis of Modulated-Metasurface Antennas With Amplitude, Phase, and Polarization Control10.1109/TAP.2016.2589969 ↗
42. On the Numerical Simulation of Metasurfaces With Impedance Boundary Condition Integral Equations10.1109/TAP.2015.2407372 ↗
43. Ramo, S., Whinnery, J., and Van Duzer, T. (1994). Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, Wiley.
44. Scalar and Tensor Holographic Artificial Impedance Surfaces10.1109/TAP.2010.2055812 ↗
45. Walter, C. (1970). Traveling Wave Antennas, Dover Publications.