Bone Tissue Engineering Using Human Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Trends, Current Prospects, and Recommendations
Source abstract
Abstract
The use of proper cells for bone tissue engineering remains a major challenge worldwide. Cells play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of the bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a large number of differentiated (somatic) and undifferentiated (stem) cells have been used for bone reconstruction alone or in combination with different biomaterials and constructs (e.g., scaffolds). Although the results of the cell transplantation without any supporting or adjuvant material have been very effective with regard to bone healing. Recent advances in bone scaffolding are now becoming new players affecting the osteogenic potential of cells. In the present study, we have critically reviewed all the currently used cell sources for bone reconstruction and discussed the new horizons that are opening up in the context of cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Mesenchymal stem cell research · Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran 14155-4777, Iran
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran 144961-4535, Iran
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Gordeladze, J.O., Haugen, H.J., Lyngstadaas, S.P., and Reseland, J.E. (2017). Bone Tissue Engineering: State of the Art, Challenges, and Prospects. Tissue Engineering for Artificial Organs, Wiley India Private Ltd.. [1st ed.].10.1002/9783527689934.ch16 ↗
2. Amini, A.R., Laurencin, C.T., and Nukavarapu, S.P. (2012). Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 40.10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i5.10 ↗
3. Tissue engineering10.1126/science.8493529 ↗
4. Mikael, P.E., Xin, X., Urso, M., Jiang, X., Wang, L., Barnes, B., Lichtler, A.C., Rowe, D.W., and Nukavarapu, S.P. (2014, January 26–30). A potential translational approach for bone tissue engineering through endochondral ossification. Proceedings of the 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, IL, USA.10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944482 ↗
5. Stem cell-and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches to osteochondral regenerative medicine10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.03.017 ↗
6. Acceleration of wound healing by multiple growth factors and cytokines secreted from multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells10.1089/wound.2011.0296 ↗
7. The role of stromal stem cells in tissue regeneration and wound repair10.1126/science.1172687 ↗
8. The extracellular matrix at a glance10.1242/jcs.023820 ↗
9. Cell-free and cell-based approaches for bone regeneration10.1038/nrrheum.2009.228 ↗
10. Tissue Engineering of Bone: Cell Based Strategies10.1097/00003086-199910001-00008 ↗
11. Bone regeneration in a massive rat femur defect through endochondral ossification achieved with chondrogenically differentiated MSCs in a degradable scaffold10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.052 ↗
12. Recapitulation of endochondral bone formation using human adult mesenchymal stem cells as a paradigm for developmental engineering10.1073/pnas.1000302107 ↗
13. Modulating endochondral ossification of multipotent stromal cells for bone regeneration10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0712 ↗
14. The development of tissue-engineered bone of different origin through endochondral and intramembranous ossification following the implantation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts in a murine model10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.038 ↗
15. Baino, F., Hamzehlou, S., and Kargozar, S. (2018). Bioactive Glasses: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?. J. Funct. Biomater., 9.10.3390/jfb9010025 ↗
16. The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.001 ↗
17. Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine: Start small, think big10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.155 ↗
18. When size matters: Biological response to strontium- and cobalt-substituted bioactive glass particles10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.190 ↗
19. Bioactive glasses: Sprouting angiogenesis in tissue engineering10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.003 ↗
20. Bioactive glasses entering the mainstream10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.027 ↗
21. Kargozar, S., Hamzehlou, S., and Baino, F. (2017). Potential of Bioactive Glasses for Cardiac and Pulmonary Tissue Engineering. Materials, 10.10.3390/ma10121429 ↗
22. Mesoporous bioactive glasses: Promising platforms for antibacterial strategies10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.052 ↗
23. Glass-ceramics for cancer treatment: So close, or yet so far?10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.013 ↗
24. Bone tissue engineering with human stem cells10.1186/scrt10 ↗
25. Engineering principles of clinical cell-based tissue engineering10.2106/00004623-200407000-00029 ↗
26. The osteoblastic niche in the context of multiple myeloma10.1111/nyas.12578 ↗
27. Osteoblasts: novel roles in orchestration of skeletal architecture10.1016/S1357-2725(03)00107-9 ↗
28. Mesenchymal progenitors and the osteoblast lineage in bone marrow hematopoietic niches10.1007/s11914-014-0190-7 ↗
29. Bone morphogenetic proteins stimulate angiogenesis through osteoblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A10.1210/endo.143.4.8719 ↗
30. Recapitulation of signals regulating embryonic bone formation during postnatal growth and in fracture repair10.1016/S0925-4773(97)00203-7 ↗
31. Runx2: a master organizer of gene transcription in developing and maturing osteoblasts10.1002/bdrc.20043 ↗
32. Regulation of osteoblast formation and function10.1023/A:1010011209064 ↗
33. Regulation of gene expression in osteoblasts10.1002/biof.72 ↗
34. Building strong bones: molecular regulation of the osteoblast lineage10.1038/nrm3254 ↗
35. Osteoblast recruitment to sites of bone formation in skeletal development, homeostasis, and regeneration10.1002/bdrc.21047 ↗
36. Matrix vesicles and calcification10.1007/s11926-003-0071-z ↗
37. Osteoblast-derived PTHrP is a potent endogenous bone anabolic agent that modifies the therapeutic efficacy of administered PTH 1–3410.1172/JCI24918 ↗
38. Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells10.1126/science.3388021 ↗
39. Repair of rat critical size calvarial defect using osteoblast-like and umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded in gelatin/hydroxyapatite scaffolds10.1002/jbm.a.35710 ↗
40. Acceleration of bone regeneration in bioactive glass/gelatin composite scaffolds seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells over-expressing bone morphogenetic protein-710.1016/j.msec.2017.02.097 ↗
41. Osteoblast-seeded bioglass/gelatin nanocomposite: a promising bone substitute in critical-size calvarial defect repair in rat10.5301/ijao.5000533 ↗
42. Synthesis, physico-chemical and biological characterization of strontium and cobalt substituted bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2016.07.025 ↗
43. Development of the osteoblast phenotype in primary human osteoblasts in culture: comparison with rat calvarial cells in osteoblast differentiation10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991001)75:1<22::AID-JCB3>3.0.CO;2-6 ↗
44. Biological and biophysical principles in extracorporal bone tissue engineering10.1016/S0901-5027(03)00199-1 ↗
45. Osteoblasts in bone tissue engineering10.1243/09544119JEIM821 ↗
46. Bone tissue engineering by primary osteoblast-like cells in a monolayer system and 3-dimensional collagen gel10.1016/j.joms.2003.05.001 ↗
47. Comparative materials differences revealed in engineered bone as a function of cell-specific differentiation10.1038/nmat2505 ↗
48. Binding of osteopontin to the osteoclast integrin α v β 310.1007/BF01621887 ↗
49. RANKL expression is related to the differentiation state of human osteoblasts10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.6.1088 ↗
50. RANKing intracellular signaling in osteoclasts10.1080/15216540500137669 ↗
51. The cell biology of osteoclast function10.1242/jcs.113.3.377 ↗
52. The role of cathepsin K in normal bone resorption10.1358/dnp.2004.17.1.829022 ↗
53. The role of osteoclasts in bone tissue engineering10.1002/term.1851 ↗
54. Osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in an in vitro three-dimensional model of bone10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0501 ↗
55. Sol–gel bioactive glasses support both osteoblast and osteoclast formation from human bone marrow cells10.1002/jbm.a.31386 ↗
56. Bioactive glass foam scaffolds are remodelled by osteoclasts and support the formation of mineralized matrix and vascular networks in vitro10.1002/adhm.201200140 ↗
57. An essential requirement for osteoclasts in refined bone-like tissue reconstruction in vitro10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.014 ↗
58. A New Member of Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Family, ODF/OPGL/TRANCE/RANKL, Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation and Function10.1006/bbrc.1999.0252 ↗
59. Stem cells in tissue engineering10.1038/35102181 ↗
60. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos10.1038/292154a0 ↗
61. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634 ↗
62. Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line10.1073/pnas.92.17.7844 ↗
63. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts10.1126/science.282.5391.1145 ↗
64. Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy10.1186/1479-5876-9-29 ↗
65. Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.006 ↗
66. Schwartz, P.H., Brick, D.J., Nethercott, H.E., and Stover, A.E. (2011). Traditional human embryonic stem cell culture. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Humana Press.10.1007/978-1-61779-201-4_8 ↗
67. Human pluripotent stem cell culture: considerations for maintenance, expansion, and therapeutics10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.005 ↗
68. Preparation, culture, and immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts10.1002/0471142727.mb2801s70 ↗
69. Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells10.1038/nbt726 ↗
70. Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells10.1038/nbt1001-971 ↗
71. Toward xeno-free culture of human embryonic stem cells10.1016/j.biocel.2005.12.014 ↗
72. Meregalli, M., Farini, A., and Torrente, Y. (2011). Stem cell therapy for neuromuscular diseases. Stem Cells in Clinic and Research, InTech.10.5772/24013 ↗
73. Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells in response to specific growth factors10.1016/j.bone.2004.07.019 ↗
74. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human ES cells10.1089/153623003322234759 ↗
75. Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells without the embryoid body step enhances osteogenesis in vitro10.1634/stemcells.2005-0383 ↗
76. Endochondral bone tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells10.1073/pnas.0711662105 ↗
77. Human embryonic mesodermal progenitors highly resemble human mesenchymal stem cells and display high potential for tissue engineering applications10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0629 ↗
78. Embryonic stem cell therapy improves bone quality in a model of impaired fracture healing in the mouse; tracked temporally using in vivo micro-CT10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.019 ↗
79. Reference Maps of human ES and iPS cell variation enable high-throughput characterization of pluripotent cell lines10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.032 ↗
80. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.012 ↗
81. Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures10.1038/cr.2011.12 ↗
82. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and endothelial cells in multi-component hydrogel fibers for liver tissue engineering10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.011 ↗
83. Neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells follows developmental principles but with variable potency10.1073/pnas.0910012107 ↗
84. Deriving osteogenic cells from induced pluripotent stem cells for bone tissue engineering10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0559 ↗
85. Directed Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Toward Bone and Cartilage: In Vitro Versus In Vivo Assays10.5966/sctm.2013-0154 ↗
86. The Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: Current Progress and Prospects10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0301 ↗
87. Efficient adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by adenoviral transduction10.1002/stem.108 ↗
88. Okamoto, H., Matsumi, Y., Hoshikawa, Y., Takubo, K., Ryoke, K., and Shiota, G. (2012). Involvement of microRNAs in regulation of osteoblastic differentiation in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS ONE, 7.10.1371/journal.pone.0043800 ↗
89. Resveratrol Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Protects Against Dexamethasone Damage in Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells10.1089/scd.2009.0186 ↗
90. Osteoblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells form calcified structures in scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo10.1002/stem.566 ↗
91. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Repair Bone Defects10.5966/sctm.2015-0311 ↗
92. Human fetal membranes: a source of stem cells for tissue regeneration and repair?10.1016/j.placenta.2008.09.009 ↗
93. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta10.1634/stemcells.2004-0058 ↗
94. Classic and current opinion in embryonic organ transplantation10.1097/MOT.0000000000000054 ↗
95. The potential of umbilical cord blood multipotent stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissue and cell regeneration10.1016/j.exphem.2007.08.017 ↗
96. Amniotic Fluid and Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells: Marker Discovery10.1155/2012/107836 ↗
97. Mesenchymal stem cells in human second-trimester bone marrow, liver, lung, and spleen exhibit a similar immunophenotype but a heterogeneous multilineage differentiation potential
98. Isolation of amniotic stem cell lines with potential for therapy10.1038/nbt1274 ↗
99. Biological characteristics of stem cells from foetal, cord blood and extraembryonic tissues10.1098/rsif.2010.0347.focus ↗
100. Fetal mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, properties and potential use in perinatology and regenerative medicine10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02005.x ↗