Expansive Soil Stabilization with Lime, Cement, and Silica Fume

The type of soil known as expansive soil is capable of changing its volume through swelling and contracting. These types of soils are mostly composed of montmorillonite, a mineral with the capacity to absorb water, which causes the soil to heave by increasing its volume. Due to their capacity to contract or expand in response to seasonal fluctuations in the water content, these expansive soils might prove to be a significant risk to engineering structures. Many studies have dealt with swelling soils and investigated the behavior of these soils, as well as their improvement. In this study, three percentages of lime, cement, and silica fume (5, 7, 9%) are used to stabilize the expansive soil, and the work is divided into two sections: the first is using a consolidation test to record the free swell and swell pressure for the untreated and treated soils; in the second part, the grouting technique is utilized as a process that can be applied in the field to maintain the improvement in the bearing capacity. It is concluded that the soil stabilized with different percentages of lime, cement, and silica fume exhibits a decrease in both free swell and swelling pressure by approximately 65% and 76%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The soil grouted with silica fume increases the bearing capacity of footings resting on the grouted soil by approximately 64% to 82% for the soil treated with 5% and 9% silica fume, respectively, as compared with untreated soil.