The Processing of Calcium Rich Agricultural and Industrial Waste for Recovery of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide and Their Application for Environmental Cleanup: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
Every year a million tonnes of calcium rich agro and industrial waste are generated around the whole globe. These calcium rich waste like finger citron, shells of cockle, mussel, oysters etc., and egg shell are biological sources which have various organic compounds. The inorganic calcium rich waste includes gypsum, dolomite, sludge etc., which are produced in surplus amount globally. Most of these by-products are mainly dumped, while few are used for land-filling purposes which leads to the pollution. These agro and industrial by-products could be processed for the recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles by physical and chemical method. The recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles from such by products make them biocompatible. Moreover, the products are economical due to their synthesis from waste materials. Here, in this current review work we have emphasized on the all the calcium rich agro industries and industrial by products, especially their processing by various approaches. Further, we have also focused on the properties and application of such calcium carbonate and oxide particles for the remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the environments. The recovery of such particles from these byproducts is considered not only economical and eco-friendly but it also minimizes the pollution present in the form of solid waste.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition · Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal · Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, UP, India
Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, M.P, India
Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
Department of Chemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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