journal article·2021-06-27Open access

Social Robots in Hospitals: A Systematic Review

Carina Soledad González-González, Verónica Violant-Holz, Rosa Maria Gil-Iranzo

Applied Sciences· Volume 11· Issue 13

Abstract

Hospital environments are facing new challenges this century. One of the most important is the quality of services to patients. Social robots are gaining prominence due to the advantages they offer; in particular, several of their main uses have proven beneficial during the pandemic. This study aims to shed light on the current status of the design of social robots and their interaction with patients. To this end, a systematic review was conducted using WoS and MEDLINE, and the results were exhaustive analyzed. The authors found that most of the initiatives and projects serve the elderly and children, and specifically, that they helped these groups fight diseases such as dementia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cancer, and diabetes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: AI in Service Interactions · Digital Mental Health Interventions · Technology Use by Older Adults

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Departamento de Ingeniería Informática y de Sistemas, Escuela de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38204 La Laguna, Spain

Department of Didactic and Educational Organization, Faculty of Education, International Observatory in Hospital Pedagogy, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain

Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería Industrial, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universitat de Lleida, 25001 Lleida, Spain

References (88)

Show source-provided references
1. Goodrich, M.A., and Schultz, A.C. (2008). Human-Robot Interaction, Now. [1st ed.].10.1561/9781601980939 ↗
2. González-González, C.S., Gil-Iranzo, R.M., and Paderewski-Rodríguez, P. (2020). Human-Robot Interaction and Sexbots: A Systematic Literature Review. Sensors, 21.10.3390/s21010216 ↗
3. Jung, H.-T., and Yoo, D. (2014). Towards Ethical Research Practice: Anticipating Social Consequences of Rehabilitation Robots, IEEE.10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893422 ↗
4. Fels, D.I., Waalen, J.K., Zhai, S., and Weiss, P.T. (2001). Telepresence under Exceptional Circumstances: Enriching the Connection to School for Sick Children, INTERACT.
5. Vazquez-Santacruz, E., and Gamboa-Zuniga, M. (2013). A Diagnosis Methodology For Assistive Technology Development Assistive Robotics for Elderly and Disabled Patients, IEEE.10.1109/ICEEE.2013.6676022 ↗
6. Aymerich-Franch, L., and Ferrer, I. (2020). The Implementation of Social Robots during the COVID-19 Pandemic. arXiv.
7. Why It Is Time to Stop Ostracizing Social Robots10.1038/s42256-020-0202-5 ↗
8. Robotics Applications in COVID-19: A Review
9. Violant-Holz, V., Gallego-Jiménez, M.G., González-González, C.S., Muñoz-Violant, S., Rodríguez, M.J., Sansano-Nadal, O., and Guerra-Balic, M. (2020). Psychological Health and Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.10.3390/ijerph17249419 ↗
10. Combating COVID-19—The Role of Robotics in Managing Public Health and Infectious Diseases10.1126/scirobotics.abb5589 ↗
11. Rogozea, L., Leasu, F., Repanovici, A., and Baritz, M. (2010, January 20–22). Ethics, Robotics and Medicine Development. Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotics and Automation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
12. The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews10.1136/bmj.n71 ↗
13. Ad Hoc Procedure for Optimising Agreement between Observational Records10.6018/analesps.32.2.213551 ↗
14. Bibliometrix: An R-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007 ↗
15. Mind Meets Machine: Towards a Cognitive Science of Human-Machine Interactions10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.009 ↗
16. A Review of Recent Research in Social Robotics10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.01.003 ↗
17. Ngo, H.Q.T., Le, V.N., Thien, V.D.N., Nguyen, T.P., and Nguyen, H. (2020). Develop the Socially Human-Aware Navigation System Using Dynamic Window Approach and Optimize Cost Function for Autonomous Medical Robot. Adv. Mech. Eng., 12.10.1177/1687814020979430 ↗
18. Moerman, C.J., and Jansens, R.M.L. (2020). Using Social Robot PLEO to Enhance the Wellbeing of Hospitalised Children. J. Child Health Care.10.1177/1367493520947503 ↗
19. Bartlett, M.E., Costescu, C., Baxter, P., and Thill, S. (2020). Requirements for Robotic Interpretation of Social Signals “in the Wild”: Insights from Diagnostic Criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Information, 11.10.3390/info11020081 ↗
20. Benedictis, R.D., Umbrico, A., Fracasso, F., Cortellessa, G., Orlandini, A., and Cesta, A. (September, January 31). A Two-Layered Approach to Adaptive Dialogues for Robotic Assistance. Proceedings of the 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Naples, Italy.10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223605 ↗
21. Cooper, S., Fava, A.D., Vivas, C., Marchionni, L., and Ferro, F. (September, January 31). ARI: The Social Assistive Robot and Companion. Proceedings of the 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Naples, Italy.10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223470 ↗
22. Turja, T., and Parviainen, J. (September, January 31). The Use of Affective Care Robots Calls Forth Value-Based Consideration. Proceedings of the 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Naples, Italy.
23. Beane, M.I. (2020, January 23–26). In Storage, Yet on Display An Empirical Investigation of Robots’ Value as Social Signals. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Cambridge Guild Hall, Cambridge, UK.10.1145/3319502.3374775 ↗
24. Social Robots to Support Children’s Wellbeing under Medical Treatment: A Systematic State-of-the-Art Review10.1177/1367493518803031 ↗
25. Socio-Cognitive Engineering of a Robotic Partner for Child’s Diabetes Self-Management10.3389/frobt.2019.00118 ↗
26. Social Robots for Hospitalized Children10.1542/peds.2018-1511 ↗
27. Project INSIDE: Towards Autonomous Semi-Unstructured Human Robot Social Interaction in Autism Therapy10.1016/j.artmed.2018.12.003 ↗
28. Hai, N.D.X., Nam, L.H.T., and Thinh, N.T. (2019, January 20–21). Remote Healthcare for the Elderly, Patients by Tele-Presence Robot. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE), Dong Hoi, Vietnam.
29. Ahn, H.S., Yep, W., Lim, J., Ahn, B.K., Johanson, D.L., Hwang, E.J., Lee, M.H., Broadbent, E., and MacDonald, B.A. (2019, January 14–18). Hospital Receptionist Robot v2: Design for Enhancing Verbal Interaction with Social Skills. Proceedings of the 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New Delhi, India.10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956300 ↗
30. Developing a Social Robot—A Case Study10.1007/978-3-030-24230-5_6 ↗
31. Design Performance Characteristics of a Social Robot Companion “Arash” for Pediatric Hospitals10.1142/S0219843618500196 ↗
32. Valles-Peris, N., Angulo, C., and Domenech, M. (2018). Children’s Imaginaries of Human-Robot Interaction in Healthcare. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.10.3390/ijerph15050970 ↗
33. Burns, R., Jeon, M., and Park, C.H. (2018). Robotic Motion Learning Framework to Promote Social Engagement. Appl. Sci., 8.10.3390/app8020241 ↗
34. Chen, C., Garrod, O.G.B., Zhan, J., Beskow, J., Schyns, P.G., and Jack, R.E. (2018, January 15–19). Reverse Engineering Psychologically Valid Facial Expressions of Emotion into Social Robots. Proceedings of the 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, Xi’an, China.10.1109/FG.2018.00072 ↗
35. Views of Nurses and Other Health and Social Care Workers on the Use of Assistive Humanoid and Animal-like Robots in Health and Social Care: A Scoping Review10.1080/10376178.2018.1519374 ↗
36. A Social Robot, “Dali,” for Aging in Place Technology
37. Infection Prevention and Control Challenges of Using a Therapeutic Robot10.7748/nop.2018.e994 ↗
38. Externalising Moods and Psychological States in a Cloud Based System to Enhance a Pet-Robot and Child’s Interaction10.1186/s12938-016-0180-3 ↗
39. Shayan, A.M., Sarmadi, A., Pirastehzad, A., Moradi, H., and Soleiman, P. (2016, January 26–28). RoboParrot 2.0: A Multi-Purpose Social Robot. Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics, Tehran, Iran.10.1109/ICRoM.2016.7886775 ↗
40. Banthia, V., Maddahi, Y., May, M., Blakley, D., Chang, Z., Gbur, A., Tu, C., and Sepehri, N. (2016). Development of a Graphical User Interface for a Socially Interactive Robot: A Case Study Evaluation, IEEE.10.1109/IEMCON.2016.7746294 ↗
41. Use of a Therapeutic, Socially Assistive Pet Robot (PARO) in Improving Mood and Stimulating Social Interaction and Communication for People With Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial10.2196/resprot.4189 ↗
42. Ono, S., Obo, T., Kiong, L.C., and Kubota, N. (2015). Robot Communication Based on Relational Trust Model. IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE.10.1109/IECON.2015.7392941 ↗
43. Goncalves, D., and Arsenio, A. (2015). Human-Driven Multi-Robot Design Process for Social Interactions with Children on Complex Environments, IEEE.10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081127 ↗
44. Nergui, M., Komekine, K., Nagai, H., and Otake, M. (2014). Development of Laughter Motion on the Cognitive Robot “Bono-02” Assisting Group Conversation, IEEE.10.1109/U-MEDIA.2014.30 ↗
45. Ferreira, I., and Sequeira, J. (2014). When Children Interact with Robots: Ethics in the Monarch Project, IEEE.10.1142/9789814623353_0079 ↗
46. van A Method for Integrating Ethics into the Design of Robots10.1108/IR-12-2012-451 ↗
47. Lewis, M., and Canamero, L. (2013, January 2–5). Are Discrete Emotions Useful in Human-Robot Interaction? Feedback from Motion Capture Analysis. Proceedings of the 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, Geneva, Switzerland.10.1109/ACII.2013.23 ↗
48. Elara, M.R., Rojas, N., Seah, S., and Sosa, R. (2013, January 19–22). Design Principles for Robot Inclusive Spaces. Proceedings of the DS 75-4: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13), Design for Harmonies, Vol. 4: Product, Service and Systems Design, Seoul, Korea.
49. Beer, J.M., and Takayama, L. (2011, January 6–9). Mobile Remote Presence Systems for Older Adults: Acceptance, Benefits, and Concerns. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Lausanne, Switzerland.10.1145/1957656.1957665 ↗
50. The Huggable Robot Probo, a Multi-Disciplinary Research Platform
51. Sutherland, C.J., Ahn, B.K., Brown, B., Lim, J., Johanson, D.L., Broadbent, E., MacDonald, B.A., and Ahn, H.S. (2019, January 20–24). The Doctor Will See You Now: Could a Robot Be a Medical Receptionist?. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Montreal, QC, Canada.10.1109/ICRA.2019.8794439 ↗
52. Van der Putte, D., Boumans, R., Neerincx, M., Rikkert, M.O., and de Mul, M. (2019, January 11–14). A Social Robot for Autonomous Health Data Acquisition among Hospitalized Patients: An Exploratory Field Study. Proceedings of the 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), Daegu, Korea.10.1109/HRI.2019.8673280 ↗
53. Assistive Robotic Technology to Combat Social Isolation in Acute Hospital Settings10.1007/s12369-017-0421-z ↗
54. Arash: A Social Robot Buddy to Support Children with Cancer in a Hospital Environment10.1177/0954411918777520 ↗
55. The Perception of Aging and Use of Robots
56. Affective and Engagement Issues in the Conception and Assessment of a Robot-Assisted Psychomotor Therapy for Persons with Dementia10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00950 ↗
57. A Long-Term Autonomous Robot at a Care Hospital: A Mixed Methods Study on Social Acceptance and Experiences of Staff and Older Adults10.1007/s12369-016-0391-6 ↗
58. Shukla, J., Barreda-Angeles, M., Oliver, J., and Puig, D. (September, January 28). Effectiveness of Socially Assistive Robotics during Cognitive Stimulation Interventions: Impact on Caregivers. Proceedings of the 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Lisbon, Portugal.10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172281 ↗
59. Jeong, S., Breazeal, C., Logan, D., and Weinstock, P. (2018). Huggable: The Impact of Embodiment on Promoting Socio-Emotional Interactions for Young Pediatric Inpatients, IEEE.10.1145/3173574.3174069 ↗
60. Meghdari, A., Alemi, M., Khamooshi, M., Amoozandeh, A., Shariati, A., and Mozafari, B. (2016, January 26–28). Conceptual Design of a Social Robot for Pediatric Hospitals. Proceedings of the 2016 4th International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM), Tehran, Iran.10.1109/ICRoM.2016.7886804 ↗
61. Sequeira, J.S., and Ferreira, I.A. (2016). Lessons from the MOnarCH Project, IEEE.10.5220/0005998102410248 ↗
62. Assessing Pediatrics Patients’ Psychological States from Biomedical Signals in a Cloud of Social Robots
63. Healthcare Robots in Homes of Rural Older Adults10.1007/978-3-319-25554-5_51 ↗
64. Impact of a Social Humanoid Robot as a Therapy Assistant in Children Cancer Treatment10.1007/978-3-319-11973-1_2 ↗
65. Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., Ghanbarzadeh, A., Moghadam, L.J., and Ghanbarzadeh, A. (2014, January 15–17). Effect of Utilizing a Humanoid Robot as a Therapy-Assistant in Reducing Anger, Anxiety, and Depression. Proceedings of the 2014 Second RSI/ISM International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics, Tehran, Iran.10.1109/ICRoM.2014.6990993 ↗
66. The Psychosocial Effects of a Companion Robot: A Randomized Controlled Trial10.1016/j.jamda.2013.02.007 ↗
67. A Feasibility Study of a Social Robot Collecting Patient Reported Outcome Measurements from Older Adults10.1007/s12369-019-00561-8 ↗
68. Hung, L., Gregorio, M., Mann, J., Wallsworth, C., Horne, N., Berndt, A., and Liu, C. (2019). Exploring the Perceptions of People with Dementia about the Social Robot PARO in a Hospital Setting. Dement. Int. J. Soc. Res. Pract.10.1177/1471301219894141 ↗
69. Qualitative, Exploratory, and Multidimensional Study of Telepresence Robots for Overcoming Social Isolation of Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in Onco-Hematology10.1089/jayao.2019.0059 ↗
70. A Systematic Review of Game Technologies for Pediatric Patients10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.04.019 ↗
71. Hand Gesture Based Control of NAO Robot Using Myo Armband10.1007/978-3-030-20473-0_44 ↗
72. Hung, L., Liu, C., Woldum, E., Au-Yeung, A., Berndt, A., Wallsworth, C., Horne, N., Gregorio, M., Mann, J., and Chaudhury, H. (2019). The Benefits of and Barriers to Using a Social Robot PARO in Care Settings: A Scoping Review. BMC Geriatr., 19.10.1186/s12877-019-1244-6 ↗
73. Kobayashi, T., Sameshima, N., Imai, T., Arai, K., Watanabe, T., Miyazaki, T., and Tsujino, A. (2019, January 8–11). Dementia Screening System Based on SNS Agency Robot. Proceedings of the IEEE 9th International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE-Berlin), Berlin, Germany.10.1109/ICCE-Berlin47944.2019.8966145 ↗
74. Adapting a Robotics Program to Enhance Participation and Interest in STEM among Children with Disabilities: A Pilot Study10.1080/17483107.2016.1229047 ↗
75. Chatbot-Based Heathcare Service with a Knowledge Base for Cloud Computing
76. Attribution of Intentional Agency towards Robots Reduces One’s Own Sense of Agency10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104109 ↗
77. Kivrak, H., Uluer, P., Kose, H., Gumuslu, E., Barkana, D.E., Cakmak, F., and Yavuz, S. (September, January 31). Physiological Data-Based Evaluation of a Social Robot Navigation System. Proceedings of the 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Naples, Italy.10.1109/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223539 ↗
78. Ethical Issues in Assistive Ambient Living Technologies for Ageing Well10.1007/s11042-020-09313-7 ↗
79. Sharif, M.S., and Alsibai, M.H. (2017). Medical Data Analysis Based on Nao Robot: An Automated Approach Towards Robotic Real-Time Interaction with Human Body, IEEE.10.1109/ICCSCE.2017.8284386 ↗
80. Beraldo, G., Menegatti, E., Tommasi, V.D., Mancin, R., and Benini, F. (November, January 31). A Preliminary Investigation of Using Humanoid Social Robots as Non-Pharmacological Techniques with Children. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO), Beijing, China.
81. A Study on Smart Homecare for Daily Living Ability and Safety Management of the Elderly
82. Stollnberger, G., Giuliani, M., Mirnig, N., Tscheligi, M., Arent, K., Kreczmer, B., Grzeszczak, F., Szczesniak-Stanczyk, D., Zarczuk, R., and Wysokinski, A. (November, January 31). Designing User Interfaces for Different User Groups: A Three-Way Teleconference System for Doctors, Patients and Assistants Using a Remote Medical Robot. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO), Beijing, China.
83. Religious Support as a Contribution to Face the Effects of Social Isolation in Mental Health During the Pandemic of COVID-1910.1007/s10943-020-01140-2 ↗
84. Investigating the Effectiveness of Technologies Applied to Assist Seniors: A Systematic Literature Review10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.05.014 ↗
85. Jeong, S., Breazeal, C., Logan, D., and Weinstock, P. (2016, January 26–31). Huggable: Impact of Embodiment on Promoting Verbal and Physical Engagement for Young Pediatric Inpatients. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO), New York, NY, USA.10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172290 ↗
86. Clinical Application of a Humanoid Robot in Pediatric Cancer Interventions10.1007/s12369-015-0294-y ↗
87. Factors of healthcare robot adoption by medical staff in Thai government hospitals10.1007/s12553-020-00489-4 ↗
88. Breazeal, C. (September, January 30). Social robots for health applications. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Boston, MA, USA.10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091328 ↗