Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development
Source abstract
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of different grades of calcined clay on the extrudability and early-age strength development under ambient conditions. Four mix designs were proposed. Three of them contained high, medium, and low grades of calcined clay, respectively, and one was the reference without calcined clay. In terms of extrudability, an extrusion test method based on the ram extruder was introduced to observe the quality of extruded material filaments, and to determine the extrusion pressure of tested materials at different ages. For evaluating the very early-age strength development, the penetration resistance test, the green strength test, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity test were applied. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the developed mix designs were determined by the compressive strength test at 1, 7 and 28 days. Finally, the main finding of this study was that increasing the metakaolin content in calcined clay could significantly increase the extrusion pressures and green strength, shorten the initial setting time and enhance the compressive strength at 1, 7, and 28 days.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials · Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
Funding
China Scholarship Council · undefined undefined
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. 3D printing using concrete extrusion: A roadmap for research10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.006 ↗
2. Inline quantification of extrudability of cementitious materials for digital construction10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.015 ↗
3. Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: Potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867 ↗
4. Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction10.1016/j.acme.2017.02.008 ↗
5. The role of early age structural build-up in digital fabrication with concrete10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.011 ↗
6. Additive manufacturing of geopolymer for sustainable built environment10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.165 ↗
7. Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z ↗
8. Investigation of the rheology and strength of geopolymer mixtures for extrusion-based 3D printing10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.10.002 ↗
9. A Critical Review of 3D Concrete Printing as a Low CO2 Concrete Approach
10. The greening of the concrete industry10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.010 ↗
11. Substituting local data for overseas life cycle inventories—A case study of concrete products in Hong Kong10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.005 ↗
12. Improving the 3D printability of high volume fly ash mixtures via the use of nano attapulgite clay10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.11.109 ↗
13. Panda, B., and Tan, M.J. (2018, January 26–28). Material properties of 3D printable high-volume slag cement. Proceedings of the First International Conference on 3D Construction Printing (3DcP) in Conjunction with the 6th International Conference on Innovative Production and Construction (IPC 2018), Melbourne, Australia.
14. Towards the formulation of robust and sustainable cementitious binders for 3-D additive construction by extrusion10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.167 ↗
15. Glavind, M. (2009). Sustainability of Cement, Concrete and Cement Replacement Materials in Construction, Woodhead Publishing Limited.10.1533/9781845695842.120 ↗
16. Calcined clay limestone cements (LC3)10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.017 ↗
17. Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.12 ↗
18. The role of calcium carbonate in cement hydration10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.013 ↗
19. Chen, Y., Veer, F., Copuroglu, O., and Schlangen, E. (2018, January 10–12). Feasibility of Using Low CO2 Concrete Alternatives in Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing. Proceedings of the RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, Zurich, Switzerland.10.1007/978-3-319-99519-9_25 ↗
20. Effect of replacement of silica fume with calcined clay on the hydration and microstructural development of eco-UHPFRC10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.052 ↗
21. A Review on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/Slag Systems: Advances, Issues, and Perspectives10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00559 ↗
22. Development of a new rapid, relevant and reliable (R3) test method to evaluate the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined kaolinitic clays10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.015 ↗
23. Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: Laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015 ↗
24. Rheological requirements for printable concretes10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.005 ↗
25. Strain-based approach for measuring structural build-up of cement pastes in the context of digital construction10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.08.003 ↗
26. Rheology of semi-solid fresh cement pastes and mortars in orifice extrusion10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.004 ↗
27. Use of ram extruder as a combined rheo-tribometer to study the behaviour of high yield stress fluids at low strain rate10.1007/s00397-012-0638-6 ↗
28. Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques10.1617/s11527-015-0571-0 ↗
29. Green and early age compressive strength of extruded cement mortar monitored with compression tests and ultrasonic techniques10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.09.005 ↗
30. Early age mechanical behaviour of 3D printed concrete: Numerical modelling and experimental testing10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.001 ↗
31. Correlation between destructive compression tests and non-destructive ultrasonic measurements on early age 3D printed concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.060 ↗
32. Printable properties of cementitious material containing copper tailings for extrusion based 3D printing10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.051 ↗
33. Experimental study on mix proportion and fresh properties of fly ash based geopolymer for 3D concrete printing10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.031 ↗
34. Chemical deformation of metakaolin based geopolymer10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.03.017 ↗
35. (2013). NEN-EN 196-2 Method of Testing Cement—Part 2: Chemical Analysis of Cement, NEN.
36. Hydration and rheology control of concrete for digital fabrication: Potential admixtures and cement chemistry10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.014 ↗
37. An approach to develop printable strain hardening cementitious composites10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107651 ↗
38. A critical review of preparation design and workability measurement of concrete material for largescale 3D printing
39. Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 ↗
40. (2017). NEN-EN 196-3—Methods of Testing Cement—Part 3: Determination of Setting Times and Soundness, NEN.
41. (2005). NEN-EN 12504-4:2005—Testing Concrete—Part 4: Determination of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, NEN.
42. (2016). NEN-EN 196-1—Methods of Testing Cement—Part 1: Determination of Strength, NEN.
43. Supplementary cementitious materials10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001 ↗
44. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of early age concrete in the context of digital construction10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.040 ↗