Towards Next Generation Teaching, Learning, and Context-Aware Applications for Higher Education: A Review on Blockchain, IoT, Fog and Edge Computing Enabled Smart Campuses and Universities
Source abstract
Abstract
Smart campuses and smart universities make use of IT infrastructure that is similar to the one required by smart cities, which take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing solutions to monitor and actuate on the multiple systems of a university. As a consequence, smart campuses and universities need to provide connectivity to IoT nodes and gateways, and deploy architectures that allow for offering not only a good communications range through the latest wireless and wired technologies, but also reduced energy consumption to maximize IoT node battery life. In addition, such architectures have to consider the use of technologies like blockchain, which are able to deliver accountability, transparency, cyber-security and redundancy to the processes and data managed by a university. This article reviews the state of the start on the application of the latest key technologies for the development of smart campuses and universities. After defining the essential characteristics of a smart campus/university, the latest communications architectures and technologies are detailed and the most relevant smart campus deployments are analyzed. Moreover, the use of blockchain in higher education applications is studied. Therefore, this article provides useful guidelines to the university planners, IoT vendors and developers that will be responsible for creating the next generation of smart campuses and universities.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: IoT and Edge/Fog Computing · Internet of Things and AI · IoT Networks and Protocols
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
Centro de investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
Funding
Xunta de Galicia · Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain and ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE)
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. An intelligent power outlet system for the smart home of the Internet of Things10.1155/2015/214805 ↗
2. Blanco-Novoa, O., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2017). An Electricity Price-Aware Open-Source Smart Socket for the Internet of Energy. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17030643 ↗
3. Hernández-Rojas, D.L., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Escudero, C.J. (2018). Design and Practical Evaluation of a Family of Lightweight Protocols for Heterogeneous Sensing through BLE Beacons in IoT Telemetry Applications. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18010057 ↗
4. Froiz-Míguez, I., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2018). Design, Implementation and Practical Evaluation of an IoT Home Automation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on MQTT and ZigBee-WiFi Sensor Nodes. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18082660 ↗
5. (2019, September 22). Berry College Official Web Page on Its Campus Extension. Available online: https://www.berry.edu/eaglecam/learn/.
6. (2019, September 22). Duke University Official Web Page on Its Campus Extension. Available online: https://today.duke.edu/2011/11/onlinemaplaunch.
7. (2019, September 22). Stanford University Web Page on the Extension of Its Lands. Available online: https://facts.stanford.edu/about/lands/.
8. Muhamad, W., Kurniawan, N.B., Suhardi, S., and Yazid, S. (2017, January 23–24). Smart campus features, technologies, and applications: A systematic literature review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI), Bandung, Indonesia.10.1109/ICITSI.2017.8267975 ↗
9. Heinemann, C., and Uskov, V.L. (2017, January 21–23). Smart University: Literature Review and Creative Analysis. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Education and Smart E-Learning, Vilamoura, Portugal.10.1007/978-3-319-59454-5_2 ↗
10. Alghamdi, A., and Shetty, S. (2016, January 22–24). Survey Toward a Smart Campus Using the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), Vienna, Austria.10.1109/FiCloud.2016.41 ↗
11. Kamišalić, A., Turkanović, M., Mrdović, S., and Heričko, M. (2019, January 15–19). A Preliminary Review of Blockchain-Based Solutions in Higher Education. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Learning Technology for Education in Cloud, Zamora, Spain.10.1007/978-3-030-20798-4_11 ↗
12. Yumna, H., Khan, M.M., Ikram, M., and Ilyas, S. (2019, January 8–11). Use of Blockchain in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.10.1007/978-3-030-14802-7_17 ↗
13. Alammary, A., Alhazmi, S., Almasri, M., and Gillani, S. (2019). Blockchain-Based Applications in Education: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9122400 ↗
14. Does competency-based education with blockchain signal a new mission for universities?10.1080/1360080X.2018.1520491 ↗
15. Juričić, V., Radošević, M., and Fuzul, E. (2019, January 20–24). Creating student’s profile using blockchain technology. Proceedings of the 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), Opatija, Croatia.10.23919/MIPRO.2019.8756687 ↗
16. Beyond Data in the Smart City: Repurposing Existing Campus IoT10.1109/MPRV.2017.30 ↗
17. Chen, X., Jin, R., Suh, K., Wang, B., and Wei, W. (2012, January 14–16). Network performance of smart mobile handhelds in a university campus Wi-Fi network. Proceedings of the 2012 Internet Measurement Conference, Boston, MA, USA.10.1145/2398776.2398809 ↗
18. Building a smart campus to support ubiquitous learning10.1007/s12652-014-0226-y ↗
19. Hirsch, B., and Ng, J.W. (2011, January 11–14). Education beyond the cloud: Anytime-anywhere learning in a smart campus environment. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
20. Bakken, J.P., Uskov, V.L., Penumatsa, A., and Doddapaneni, A. (2016). Smart universities, smart classrooms and students with disabilities. Smart Education and e-Learning, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-39690-3_2 ↗
21. A vision for the development of i-campus10.1186/s40561-015-0009-8 ↗
22. (2007). Smart Cities, Ranking of European Medium-Size Cities, Delft University of Technology.
23. Mattoni, B., Pagliaro, F., Corona, G., Ponzo, V., Bisegna, F., Gugliermetti, F., and Quintero-Núñez, M. (2016, January 7–10). A matrix approach to identify and choose efficient strategies to develop the Smart Campus. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Florence, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2016.7555571 ↗
24. Pompei, L., Mattoni, B., Bisegna, F., Nardecchia, F., Fichera, A., Gagliano, A., and Pagano, A. (2018, January 12–15). Composite Indicators for Smart Campus: Data Analysis Method. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and the IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Palermo, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493893 ↗
25. A Review on Human-Centered IoT-Connected Smart Labels for the Industry 4.010.1109/ACCESS.2018.2833501 ↗
26. A Practical Evaluation of Commercial Industrial Augmented Reality Systems in an Industry 4.0 Shipyard10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2802699 ↗
27. A Review on Industrial Augmented Reality Systems for the Industry 4.0 Shipyard10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2808326 ↗
28. Crepaldi, P.C., and Pimenta, T.C. (2017). A methodology for evaluating security in commercial RFID systems. Radio Frequency Identification, IntechOpen.10.5772/62606 ↗
29. Hernández-Rojas, D., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Escudero, C. (2018). A Plug-and-Play Human-Centered Virtual TEDS Architecture for the Web of Things. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18072052 ↗
30. Blanco-Novoa, O., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2018). A Cost-Effective IoT System for Monitoring Indoor Radon Gas Concentration. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18072198 ↗
31. Pérez-Expósito, J., Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2017). VineSens: An Eco-Smart Decision-Support Viticulture System. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17030465 ↗
32. Yu, Z., Liang, Y., Xu, B., Yang, Y., and Guo, B. (2011, January 19–22). Towards a Smart Campus with Mobile Social Networking. Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of Things and 4th International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, Dalian, China.10.1109/iThings/CPSCom.2011.55 ↗
33. Hipwell, S. (2014, January 23–25). Developing smart campuses—A working model. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG), Taipei, Taiwan.10.1109/IGBSG.2014.6835169 ↗
34. Cao, J., Li, Z., Luo, Q., Hao, Q., and Jiang, T. (2018, January 10–11). Research on the Construction of Smart University Campus Based on Big Data and Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Simulation and Intelligent Control (ESAIC), Changsha, China.10.1109/ESAIC.2018.00088 ↗
35. Haghi, A., Burney, K., Kidd, F.S., Valiente, L., and Peng, Y. (2017, January 6–9). Fast-paced development of a smart campus IoT platform. Proceedings of the Global Internet of Things Summit, Geneva, Switzerland.10.1109/GIOTS.2017.8016214 ↗
36. Majeed, A., and Ali, M. (2018, January 8–10). How Internet-of-Things (IoT) making the university campuses smart? QA higher education (QAHE) perspective. Proceedings of the IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.10.1109/CCWC.2018.8301774 ↗
37. Ali, S., Rizzo, G., Mancuso, V., and Marsan, M.A. (May, January 26). Persistence and availability of floating content in a campus environment. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
38. Popescu, D.E., Prada, M.F., Dodescu, A., Hemanth, D.J., and Bungau, C. (2018, January 8–12). A secure confident cloud computing architecture solution for a smart campus. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computers Communications and Control (ICCCC), Oradea, Romania.10.1109/ICCCC.2018.8390465 ↗
39. Suárez-Albela, M., Fernández-Caramés, T., Fraga-Lamas, P., and Castedo, L. (2017). A Practical Evaluation of a High-Security Energy-Efficient Gateway for IoT Fog Computing Applications. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17091978 ↗
40. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., Suárez-Albela, M., and Vilar-Montesinos, M. (2018). A Fog Computing and Cloudlet Based Augmented Reality System for the Industry 4.0 Shipyard. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18061798 ↗
41. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., Suárez-Albela, M., and Díaz-Bouza, M.A. (2018). A Fog Computing Based Cyber-Physical System for the Automation of Pipe-Related Tasks in the Industry 4.0 Shipyard. Sensors, 18.10.3390/s18061961 ↗
42. Xu, Q., Su, Z., Wang, Y., and Dai, M. (2018). A Trustworthy Content Caching and Bandwidth Allocation Scheme With Edge Computing for Smart Campus. IEEE Access, 6.10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2872740 ↗
43. Chang, Y., and Lai, Y. (2018). Campus Edge Computing Network Based on IoT Street Lighting Nodes. IEEE Syst. J.
44. Liu, Y., Shou, G., Hu, Y., Guo, Z., Li, H., Beijing, F.P., and Seah, H.S. (2017, January 22–25). Towards a smart campus: Innovative applications with WiCloud platform based on mobile edge computing. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE), Houston, TX, USA.10.1109/ICCSE.2017.8085477 ↗
45. Agate, V., Concone, F., and Ferraro, P. (2018, January 18–20). WiP: Smart Services for an Augmented Campus. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), Taormina, Italy.10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00056 ↗
46. Inamorato dos Santos, A. (2017). Blockchain in Education. JCR Science for Policy Report, Publications Office of the European Union, EUR 28778 EN.
47. A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2842685 ↗
48. Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339 ↗
49. (2019, September 22). Ethereum Official Web Page. Available online: https://www.ethereum.org.
50. (2019, September 22). Hyperledger-Fabric Official Web Page. Available online: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric.
51. Nakamoto, S. (2019, September 22). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Available online: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
52. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Froiz-Míguez, I., Blanco-Novoa, O., and Fraga-Lamas, P. (2019). Enabling the Internet of Mobile Crowdsourcing Health Things: A Mobile Fog Computing, Blockchain and IoT Based Continuous Glucose Monitoring System for Diabetes Mellitus Research and Care. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19153319 ↗
53. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., Blanco-Novoa, O., Froiz-Míguez, I., and Fraga-Lamas, P. (2019). Towards an Autonomous Industry 4.0 Warehouse: A UAV and Blockchain-Based System for Inventory and Traceability Applications in Big Data-Driven Supply Chain Management. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19102394 ↗
54. A Review on Blockchain Technologies for an Advanced and Cyber-Resilient Automotive Industry10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895302 ↗
55. A Review on the Application of Blockchain for the Next Generation of Cybersecure Industry 4.0 Smart Factories10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908780 ↗
56. Lo, S.K., Xu, X., Chiam, Y.K., and Lu, Q. (2017, January 5–8). Evaluating Suitability of Applying Blockchain. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS), Fukuoka, Japan.10.1109/ICECCS.2017.26 ↗
57. Han, M., Li, Z., He, J.S., Wu, D., Xie, Y., and Baba, A. (2018, January 3–6). A Novel Blockchain-based Education Records Verification Solution. Proceedings of the 19th Annual SIG Conference on Information Technology Education, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.10.1145/3241815.3241870 ↗
58. Liu, Q., Guan, Q., Yang, X., Zhu, H., Green, G., and Yin, S. (2018, January 15–17). Education-Industry Cooperative System Based on Blockchain. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking, Shenzhen, China.10.1109/HOTICN.2018.8606036 ↗
59. Hori, M., Ono, S., Miyashita, K., Kobayashi, S., Miyahara, H., Kita, T., Yamada, T., and Yamaji, K. (2018, January 15–17). Learning System based on Decentralized Learning Model using Blockchain and SNS. Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, Funchal, Portugal.10.5220/0006666901830190 ↗
60. Wu, B., and Li, Y. (2018, January 12–14). Design of Evaluation System for Digital Education Operational Skill Competition Based on Blockchain. Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), Xi’an, China.10.1109/ICEBE.2018.00025 ↗
61. Lizcano, D., Lara, J.A., White, B., and Aljawarneh, S. (2019). Blockchain-based approach to create a model of trust in open and ubiquitous higher education. J. Comput. High. Educ.10.1007/s12528-019-09209-y ↗
62. Zhong, J., Xie, H., Zou, D., and Chui, D.K. (2018, January 12–14). A Blockchain Model for Word-Learning Systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Computing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.10.1109/BESC.2018.8697299 ↗
63. Verstaevel, N., Boes, J., and Gleizes, M. (2017, January 4–8). From smart campus to smart cities issues of the smart revolution. Proceedings of the IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation, San Francisco, CA, USA.10.1109/UIC-ATC.2017.8397400 ↗
64. Alvarez-Campana, M., López, G., Vázquez, E., Villagrá, V.A., and Berrocal, J. (2017). Smart CEI Moncloa: An IoT-based Platform for People Flow and Environmental Monitoring on a Smart University Campus. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17122856 ↗
65. Guo, M., and Zhang, Y. (2015, January 21–23). The research of smart campus based on Internet of Things & cloud computing. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015), Shanghai, China.
66. Webb, J., and Hume, D. (2018, January 28–29). Campus IoT collaboration and governance using the NIST cybersecurity framework. Proceedings of the Living in the Internet of Things: Cybersecurity of the IoT, London, UK.10.1049/cp.2018.0025 ↗
67. Pagliaro, F., Mattoni, B., Gugliermenti, F., Bisegna, F., Azzaro, B., Tomei, F., and Catucci, S. (2016, January 7–10). A roadmap toward the development of Sapienza Smart Campus. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Florence, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2016.7555573 ↗
68. Hengliang, T., and Chuanrong, C. (2016, January 11–12). The Construction of Intelligent Transportation System Based on the Construction of Wisdom Campus—Take Soochow University as an Example. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), Macau, China.10.1109/ICMTMA.2016.175 ↗
69. Verma, P., Kumar, A., Rathod, N., Jain, P., Mallikarjun, S., Subramanian, R., Amrutur, B., Kumar, M.S.M., and Sundaresan, R. (2015, January 25–28). Towards an IoT based water management system for a campus. Proceedings of the IEEE First International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Guadalajara, Mexico.10.1109/ISC2.2015.7366152 ↗
70. Fraga-Lamas, P., Celaya-Echarri, M., Lopez-Iturri, P., Castedo, L., Azpilicueta, L., Aguirre, E., Suárez-Albela, M., Falcone, F., and Fernández-Caramés, T.M. (2019). Design and Experimental Validation of a LoRaWAN Fog Computing Based Architecture for IoT Enabled Smart Campus Applications. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19153287 ↗
71. FPGA-based vehicular channel emulator for real-time performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11 p transceivers
72. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., González-López, M., and Castedo, L. (2009, January 20–22). FPGA-based vehicular channel emulator for evaluation of IEEE 802.11 p transceivers. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems Telecommunications, Lille, France.10.1109/ITST.2009.5399287 ↗
73. Bandara, H.M.A.P.K., Jayalath, J.D.C., Rodrigo, A.R.S.P., Bandaranayake, A.U., Maraikar, Z., and Ragel, R.G. (2016, January 22). Smart campus phase one: Smart parking sensor network. Proceedings of the Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Symposium (MIES), Colombo, Sri Lanka.10.1109/MIES.2016.7780262 ↗
74. Brenna, M., Foiadelli, F., Longo, M., Bracco, S., and Delfino, F. (2016, January 7–10). Sustainable electric mobility analysis in the Savona Campus of the University of Genoa. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Florence, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2016.7555562 ↗
75. Bracco, S., Brenna, M., Delfmo, F., Foiadelli, F., and Longo, M. (2017, January 27–29). Preliminary study on electric mobility applied to a University Campus in North Italy. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy.10.1109/ICCEP.2017.8004801 ↗
76. Yagcitekin, B., Uzunoglu, M., Ocal, B., Turan, E., and Tunc, A. (2013, January 20–22). Development of Smart Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in a Campus Area. Proceedings of the European Modelling Symposium, Manchester, UK.10.1109/EMS.2013.73 ↗
77. Básaca-Preciado, L.C., Orozco-Garcia, N.A., Terrazas-Gaynor, J.M., Moreno-Partida, A.S., Rosete-Beas, O.A., Rizzo-Aguirre, J., Martinez-Grijalva, L.F., and Ponce-Camacho, M.A. (2018, January 21–23). Intelligent Transportation Scheme for Autonomous Vehicle in Smart Campus. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA.10.1109/IECON.2018.8592824 ↗
78. Chit, S.M., Chaw, L.Y., Thong, C.L., and Lee, C.Y. (2017, January 10). A pilot study: Shuttle bus tracker app for campus users. Proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS), Langkawi, Malaysia.10.1109/ICRIIS.2017.8002460 ↗
79. Design of Intelligent Bus Positioning Based on Internet of Things for Smart Campus10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2874083 ↗
80. Morales González, R., van Goch, T.A.J., Aslam, M.F., Blanch, A., and Ribeiro, P.F. (2014, January 12–15). Microgrid design considerations for a smart-energy university campus. Proceedings of the IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe, Istanbul, Turkey.10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028743 ↗
81. Talei, H., Zizi, B., Abid, M.R., Essaaidi, M., Benhaddou, D., and Khalil, N. (2015, January 10–13). Smart campus microgrid: Advantages and the main architectural components. Proceedings of the 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), Marrakech, Morocco.10.1109/IRSEC.2015.7455093 ↗
82. Bracco, S., Delfino, F., Laiolo, P., and Rossi, M. (2016, January 5–7). The Smart City Energy infrastructures at the Savona Campus of the University of Genoa. Proceedings of the AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), Capri, Italy.10.23919/AEIT.2016.7892774 ↗
83. Makkonen, H., Lassila, J., Tikka, V., Partanen, J., Kaipia, T., and Silventoinen, P. (2012, January 29–30). Implementation of Smart Grid environment in Green Campus project. Proceedings of the CIRED Workshop: Integration of Renewables into the Distribution Grid, Lisbon, Portugal.10.1049/cp.2012.0825 ↗
84. Sharma, H., and Kaur, G. (2016, January 21–24). Optimization and simulation of smart grid distributed generation: A case study of university campus. Proceedings of the IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), Oshawa, ON, Canada.10.1109/SEGE.2016.7589517 ↗
85. Lazaroiu, G.C., Dumbrava, V., Costoiu, M., Teliceanu, M., and Roscia, M. (2015, January 22–25). Smart campus-an energy integrated approach. Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Palermo, Italy.10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418657 ↗
86. Karunaratne, P., Moshtaghi, M., Karunasekera, S., and Harwood, A. (2017, January 23–27). PSF+—Fast and improved electricity consumption prediction in campus environments. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), Dresden, Germany.10.1109/SmartGridComm.2017.8340660 ↗
87. Pagliaro, F., Mattoni, B., Ponzo, G., Corona, V., Nardecchia, F., Bisegna, F., and Gugliermetti, F. (2017, January 6–9). Sapienza smart campus: From the matrix approach to the applicative analysis of an optimized garbage collection system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and the IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Milan, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977719 ↗
88. Liu, R., Kuo, C., Yang, C., Chen, S., and Liu, J. (2016, January 16–18). On Construction of an Energy Monitoring Service Using Big Data Technology for Smart Campus. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data (CCBD), Macau, China.10.1109/CCBD.2016.026 ↗
89. Lazaroiu, G.C., Dumbrava, V., Costoiu, M., Teliceanu, M., and Roscia, M. (2016, January 7–10). Energy-informatic-centric smart campus. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Florence, Italy.10.1109/EEEIC.2016.7555487 ↗
90. Liang, T., and Tsai, C. (2017, January 17–20). Application of Intelligent Monitoring System in Campus Greenhouse. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information, Communication and Engineering (ICICE), Xiamen, China.10.1109/ICICE.2017.8479169 ↗
91. Petrie, C., Gupta, S., Rao, V., and Nutter, B. (2018, January 4–6). Energy Efficient Control Methods of HVAC Systems for Smart Campus. Proceedings of the IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech), Austin, TX, USA.10.1109/GreenTech.2018.00032 ↗
92. Detection of Bird’s Nest in High Power Lines in the Vicinity of Remote Campus Based on Combination Features and Cascade Classifier10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2851588 ↗
93. Pérez, L.E., Pardiñas-Mir, J.A., Guerra, O., de la Mora, J., Pimienta, M., Hernández, N., and de Atocha Lopez, M. (2015, January 20–22). A wireless sensor network system: For monitoring trees’ health related parameters in a university campus. Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications (ICETE), Colmar, France.10.5220/0005546600420047 ↗
94. Bacanli, S.S., Solmaz, G., and Turgut, D. (2015, January 6–10). Opportunistic Message Broadcasting in Campus Environments. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, USA.10.1109/GLOCOM.2015.7417464 ↗
95. Kadadha, M., Al-Ali, H., Mufti, M.A., Al-Aamri, A., and Mizouni, R. (2016, January 17–19). Opportunistic mobile social networks: Challenges survey and application in smart campus. Proceedings of the IEEE 12th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), New York, NY, USA.10.1109/WiMOB.2016.7763216 ↗
96. Zhang, S., and Li, X. (2016, January 25–28). Mobility patterns of human population among university campuses. Proceedings of the IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Jeju, Korea.10.1109/APCCAS.2016.7803893 ↗
97. Miao, C., Zhu, X., and Miao, J. (2016, January 14–17). The analysis of student grades based on collected data of their Wi-Fi behaviors on campus. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China.
98. Concone, F., Ferraro, P., and Lo Re, G. (2018, January 18–20). Towards a Smart Campus Through Participatory Sensing. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), Taormina, Italy.10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00035 ↗
99. Fernández-Caramés, T.M., and Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018). Towards The Internet of Smart Clothing: A Review on IoT Wearables and Garments for Creating Intelligent Connected E-Textiles. Electronics, 7.10.3390/electronics7120405 ↗
100. Bilgi, S., Ozturk, O., and Gulnerman, A.G. (2017, January 29–31). Navigation system for blind, hearing and visually impaired people in ITU Ayazaga campus. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing Networking and Informatics (ICCNI), Lagos, Nigeria.10.1109/ICCNI.2017.8123814 ↗