Review of Indoor Positioning: Radio Wave Technology
Source abstract
Abstract
The indoor positioning system (IPS) is becoming increasing important in accurately determining the locations of objects by the utilization of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) involving smartphone sensors, embedded sources, mapping localizations, and wireless communication networks. Generally, a global positioning system (GPS) may not be effective in servicing the reality of a complex indoor environment, due to the limitations of the line-of-sight (LoS) path from the satellite. Different techniques have been used in indoor localization services (ILSs) in order to solve particular issues, such as multipath environments, the energy inefficiency of long-term battery usage, intensive labour and the resources of offline information collection and the estimation of accumulated positioning errors. Moreover, advanced algorithms, machine learning, and valuable algorithms have given rise to effective ways in determining indoor locations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the positioning algorithms for indoors, based on advances reported in radio wave, infrared, visible light, sound, and magnetic field technologies. The traditional ranging parameters in addition to advanced parameters such as channel state information (CSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) are also presented for distance estimation in localization systems. In summary, the recent advanced algorithms can offer precise positioning behaviour for an unknown environment in indoor locations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies · Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems · Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor 43900, Malaysia
Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia
Funding
Telecom Malaysia · FRGS
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
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