journal article·2023-06

Role of Mo-doping concentration on In2S3 thin film for photodetecting application by nebulizer spray pyrolysis method

V. Ganesh, T. H. AlAbdulaal

Applied Physics A· Volume 129· Issue 6
Publisher page

Abstract

This research report presents the photosensing behavior of the indium sulfide thin films with concentration of molybdenum (Mo) doping (0, 1, 2 and 3%), developed using the nebulizer-aided spray pyrolysis method. Due to the influence of varied Mo contents on their growth, crystallinity, morphology, distribution of elemental composition, optical and photosensing behavior of these formed films were all carefully investigated. Examining the X-ray diffraction patterns reveals that the produced films have a cubic phase, with a preference for orientation along the (400) plane. The presence of nano-grains with dot-like particles was evidenced using the morphological analysis of all the films. In addition, the energy gap values of In2S3 were reduced from 2.87 to 2.80 eV, while ultraviolet (UV) absorption was increased. Three emission peaks were visible in the films` photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 415, 479, and 523 nm. The resulting Mo-doped In2S3 films demonstrated outstanding UV photo-response and photoelectrical properties with voltage at 5 V. The maximal response (R) (7.52 × 10–1 A/W), detectivity (D*) (4.53 × 1010 Jones), external quantum efficiency (EQE) (243%), and rapid photoswitching speed were found for 2% Mo-doped In2S3 thin film. This report also verified the UV photosensing properties were considerably altered by selecting dopants with suitable doses.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · ZnO doping and properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (55)

Show source-provided references
1. R.S. Becker, T. Zheng, J. Elton, M. Saeki, Synthesis and photoelectrochemistry of In2S3. Sol. Energy Mater. 13(2), 97–107 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(86)90038-910.1016/0165-1633(86)90038-9 ↗
2. R. Souissi et al., Highly sensitive nitrogen dioxide gas sensors based on sprayed β-In2S3 film. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 319, 128280 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.12828010.1016/j.snb.2020.128280 ↗
3. W. Gao et al., In2S3 nanomaterial as a broadband spectrum photocatalyst to display significant activity. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 176–177, 83–90 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.04810.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.048 ↗
4. K. Benchouk, J. Ouerfelli, M. Saadoun, A. Siyoucef, Optical and electrical characterization of In2S3 buffer layer for photovoltaics applications. Phys. Procedia 2(3), 971–974 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2009.11.05110.1016/j.phpro.2009.11.051 ↗
5. W.T. Kim, C.D. Kim, Optical energy gaps of β-In2S3 thin films grown by spray pyrolysis. J. Appl. Phys. 60(7), 2631–2633 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.33713710.1063/1.337137 ↗
6. X. Fu et al., Photocatalytic performance of tetragonal and cubic β-In2S3 for the water splitting under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 95(3–4), 393–399 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.01.01810.1016/j.apcatb.2010.01.018 ↗
7. F. Aslan, A. Tumbul, Non-vacuum processed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films: Influence of copper precursor on structural, optical and morphological properties. J. Alloys Compd. 612, 1–4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.14010.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.140 ↗
8. J. Lu et al., An asymmetric contact-induced self-powered 2D In2S3 photodetector towards high-sensitivity and fast-response. Nanoscale 12(13), 7196–7205 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00517g10.1039/d0nr00517g ↗
9. G.S.D. King, The space group of β-In 2 S 3. Acta Crystallogr. 15(5), 512–512 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1107/s0365110x6200128010.1107/s0365110x62001280 ↗
10. P. Pistor et al., Structure reinvestigation of α-, β- and γ-In2S3. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B Struct. Sci. Sci. Cryst. Eng. Mater. 72(3), 410–415 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1107/S205252061600705810.1107/S2052520616007058 ↗
11. G.A. Steigmann, H.H. Sutherland, J. Goodyear, The crystal structure of β-In 2 S 3. Acta Crystallogr. 19(6), 967–971 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1107/s0365110x6500473510.1107/s0365110x65004735 ↗
12. J. Zhang, H. Wang, X. Yuan, G. Zeng, W. Tu, S. Wang, Tailored indium sulfide-based materials for solar-energy conversion and utilization. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 38, 1–26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.11.00110.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.11.001 ↗
13. A. Timoumi, W. Belhadj, S.N. Alamri, M.K. Al-Turkestani, Physical and dielectric properties of ni-doped in2s3 powders for optical windows in thin film solar cells. Materials (Basel) 14(19), 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1419577910.3390/ma14195779 ↗
14. Z. Zheng, J. Yu, S. Cheng, Y. Lai, Q. Zheng, D. Pan, Investigation of structural, optical and electrical properties of Cu doped β-In2S3 thin films. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27(6), 5810–5817 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4496-310.1007/s10854-016-4496-3 ↗
15. L.A. Wägele, D. Rata, G. Gurieva, R. Scheer, Structural analysis of co-evaporated In2S3 and In2S3: V for solar cell absorber applications. Phys. Status Solidi Curr. Top. Solid State Phys. 14(6), 3–7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.20160020410.1002/pssc.201600204 ↗
16. Y.F. Chen et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of Ca doped β-In2S3 for effective dyes degradation. Adv. Powder Technol. 32(6), 1881–1890 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.04210.1016/j.apt.2021.03.042 ↗
17. B. Tiss, M. Erouel, N. Bouguila, M. Kraini, K. Khirouni, Effect of silver doping on structural and optical properties of In2S3 thin films fabricated by chemical pyrolysis. J. Alloys Compd. 771, 60–66 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.12510.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.125 ↗
18. D. Zhao, S. Sathasivam, J. Li, C.J. Carmalt, Transparent and conductive molybdenum-doped ZnO thin films via chemical vapor deposition. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2(1), 120–125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.9b0064710.1021/acsaelm.9b00647 ↗
19. P.S. Murphin Kumar, V. Ponnusamy, H. Kim, M.A. Hernández-Landaverde, S.K. Krishnan, U. Pal, Molybdenum-doped nickel disulfide (NiS2:Mo) microspheres as an active anode material for high-performance durable lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 5(6), 6734–6745 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c0034010.1021/acsaem.2c00340 ↗
20. S. Kaleemulla, N. Madhusudhana Rao, M. Girish Joshi, A. Sivasankar Reddy, S. Uthanna, P. Sreedhara Reddy, Electrical and optical properties of In2O3:Mo thin films prepared at various Mo-doping levels. J. Alloys Compd. 504(2), 351–356 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.05.06810.1016/j.jallcom.2010.05.068 ↗
21. M.Y. Yen, T.H. Chen, P.H. Lai, S.L. Tu, Y.H. Shen, Optical and electrical properties of Mo-doped Zr:ZnO multilayer thin films for photosensor applications. Sens. Mater. 34(6), 2015–2023 (2022). https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM371310.18494/SAM3713 ↗
22. L. li Yang et al., Photoluminescence and Raman analysis of ZnO nanowires deposited on Si(1 0 0) via vapor-liquid-solid process. Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 40(4), 920–923 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2007.11.02510.1016/j.physe.2007.11.025 ↗
23. R. Todorov, K. Petkov, M. Kincl, E. Černošková, M. Vlček, L. Tichý, Synthesis, structure and optical properties of thin films from GeS 2-In2S3 system deposited by thermal co-evaporation. Thin Solid Films 558, 298–305 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.05910.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.059 ↗
24. N. Naghavi et al., Electrodeposition of In 2S 3 buffer layer for Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 solar cells. Energy Procedia 10, 155–160 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.16910.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.169 ↗
25. A.K. Nayak, S. Lee, Y. Sohn, D. Pradhan, Synthesis of In2S3 microspheres using a template-free and surfactant-less hydrothermal process and their visible light photocatalysis. CrystEngComm 16(34), 8064–8072 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ce00836g10.1039/c4ce00836g ↗
26. M.G. Sandoval-Paz, M. Sotelo-Lerma, J.J. Valenzuela-Jáuregui, M. Flores-Acosta, R. Ramírez-Bon, Structural and optical studies on thermal-annealed in2S 3 films prepared by the chemical bath deposition technique. Thin Solid Films 472(1–2), 5–10 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.05.09610.1016/j.tsf.2004.05.096 ↗
27. B. Yahmadi, N. Kamoun, C. Guasch, R. Bennaceur, Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystallized In2S 3 thin films via CBD technique. Mater. Chem. Phys. 127(1–2), 239–247 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.01.06610.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.01.066 ↗
28. A. Timoumi, H. Bouzouita, M. Kanzari, B. Rezig, Fabrication and characterization of In2S3 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation technique. Thin Solid Films 480–481, 124–128 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.03610.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.036 ↗
29. N. Naghavi, R. Henriquez, V. Laptev, D. Lincot, Growth studies and characterisation of In 2 S 3 thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Appl. Surf. Sci. 222(1–4), 65–73 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.08.01110.1016/j.apsusc.2003.08.011 ↗
30. L.Z. Zhang et al., The construction of ZnS-In2S3 nanonests and their heterojunction boosted visible-light photocatalytic/photoelectrocatalytic performance. New J. Chem. 43(36), 14402–14408 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02984b10.1039/c9nj02984b ↗
31. A.I. Ali, M. Ibrahim, A. Hassen, New fabrication method for di-indium tri-sulfuric (In2S3) thin films. Sci. Rep. 12(1), 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11107-w10.1038/s41598-022-11107-w ↗
32. N.A. Allsop et al., Indium sulfide thin films deposited by the spray ion layer gas reaction technique. Thin Solid Films 513(1–2), 52–56 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.01910.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.019 ↗
33. L. Bhira et al., Structural and photoelectrical properties of sprayed β-In2S3 thin films. Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Res. 181(2), 427–435 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-396X(200010)181:2%3c427::AID-PSSA427%3e3.0.CO;2-P10.1002/1521-396X(200010)181:2<427::AID-PSSA427>3.0.CO;2-P ↗
34. K.V. Gunavathy, K. Tamilarasan, C. Rangasami, A.M.S. Arulanantham, Investigations on copper zinc tin sulfide thin films grown through nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique. Int. J. Energy Res. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.545110.1002/er.5451 ↗
35. A.M.S. Arulanantham et al., Investigation on nebulizer spray coated Nd-doped SnS2 thin films for solar cell window layer application. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30(15), 13964–13973 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01743-w10.1007/s10854-019-01743-w ↗
36. V. Gowthami, P. Perumal, R. Sivakumar, C. Sanjeeviraja, Structural and optical studies on nickel oxide thin film prepared by nebulizer spray technique. Phys. B Condens. Matter 452, 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2014.06.03010.1016/j.physb.2014.06.030 ↗
37. I.L.P. Raj et al., Improved UV photosensing properties of high crystalline nickel oxide thin films: Role of yttrium doping. Optik (Stuttg) 248, 168105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.16810510.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168105 ↗
38. S.J. Mezher, M.O. Dawood, O.M. Abdulmunem, M.K. Mejbel, Copper doped nickel oxide gas sensor. Vacuum 172, 109074 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.10907410.1016/j.vacuum.2019.109074 ↗
39. V. Doni Pon et al., Enhancement of optoelectronic properties of ZnO thin films by Al doping for photodetector applications. Superlattices Microstruct. 151(December 2020), 106790 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.10679010.1016/j.spmi.2020.106790 ↗
40. A. K. Deva Arun Kumar, et al., Simplified chemical processed Cd1−xAlxS thin films for high-performance photodetector applications. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 33(19), 195901 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abf19910.1088/1361-648X/abf199 ↗
41. S.S. Kumar Jacob, I. Kulandaisamy, I.L. Poul Raj, A.A. Abdeltawab, S.Z. Mohammady, M. Ubaidullah, Improved optoelectronic properties of spray pyrolysis coated Zn doped Cu2O thin films for photodetector applications. Opt. Mater. (Amst) 116, 111086 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.11108610.1016/j.optmat.2021.111086 ↗
42. A. Gandhi, S. Wu, Strong deep-level-emission photoluminescence in NiO nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 7(8), 231 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano708023110.3390/nano7080231 ↗
43. M. Shkir, Noticeable impact of Er doping on structural, vibrational, optical, dielectric and electrical parameters of flash combustion synthesized NiO NPs for optoelectronic applications. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 121(1), 108229 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.10822910.1016/j.inoche.2020.108229 ↗
44. W. Chen et al., Understanding the doping effect on NiO: toward high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(19), 1–10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20170351910.1002/aenm.201703519 ↗
45. Y. Liu, P. Xiao, L. Du, X. Liang, M. Zhang, Defect-induced room temperature ferromagnetism in Cu-doped In2S3QDs. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22(40), 23121–23127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03389h10.1039/d0cp03389h ↗
46. A. Kaushik, B. Dalela, S. Kumar, P.A. Alvi, S. Dalela, Role of Co doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of TiO2. J. Alloys Compd. 552, 274–278 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.07610.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.076 ↗
47. V.T. Geetha, S. Induja, G. Puthilibai, Study of the effect of photoluminescence, structural and magnetic properties of Nd doped NdxNi1−xO (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) hexagonal particles. Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 118(September 2019), 113942 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2019.11394210.1016/j.physe.2019.113942 ↗
48. W. Ouyang, F. Teng, J.H. He, X. Fang, Enhancing the photoelectric performance of photodetectors based on metal oxide semiconductors by charge-carrier engineering. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(9), 1–20 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20180767210.1002/adfm.201807672 ↗
49. D. Alagarasan et al., Influence of nanostructured SnS thin films for visible light photo detection. Opt. Mater. (Amst) 121(November), 111489 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.11148910.1016/j.optmat.2021.111489 ↗
50. M. Shkir, I.M. Ashraf, S. AlFaify, A.M. El-Toni, M. Ahmed, A. Khan, A noticeable effect of Pr doping on key optoelectrical properties of CdS thin films prepared using spray pyrolysis technique for high-performance photodetector applications. Ceram. Int. 46(4), 4652–4663 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.19610.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.196 ↗
51. B. Hemant Kumar, S.K. Santhosh, Indium sulfide based metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet-visible photodetector. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 299, 111643 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.11164310.1016/j.sna.2019.111643 ↗
52. M.D. Devi et al., Fabrication of Cost-Effective Nebulizer Sprayed In2S3 Thin Films for Photodetector Applications. J. Electron. Mater. 50(8), 4373–4380 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-08949-x10.1007/s11664-021-08949-x ↗
53. S. Lavanya, T. Rajesh Kumar, K.V. Gunavathy, K. Vibha, M. Shkir, J. Hakami, H. Elhosiny Ali, M. Ubaidullah. A noticeable improvement in opto-electronic properties of nebulizer sprayed In2S3 thin films for stable-photodetector applications. Micro Nanostruct. 169, 207337 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micrna.2022.20733710.1016/j.micrna.2022.207337 ↗
54. Y. Chang, J. Wang, F. Wu, W. Tian, W. Zhai, Structural design and pyroelectric property of sns/cds heterojunctions contrived for low-temperature visible photodetectors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(23), 1–8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20200145010.1002/adfm.202001450 ↗
55. M. Shkir, A. Ben Gouider Trabelsi, F.H. Alkallas, S. AlFaify, B. Pandit, M. Ubaidullah, Improved optoelectronic properties of nanostructured Eu doped Bi2S3 thin films for the detection of UV light. Crystals 12(10), 1–16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst1210132910.3390/cryst12101329 ↗