journal article·2023-02Open access

Multi-beam ultrafast laser processing of free-standing nanofilms

Yuuki Uesugi, Taito Miwa, Naohiro Kadoguchi, Yuichi Kozawa, Shunichi Sato

Applied Physics A· Volume 129· Issue 2

Abstract

Abstract In this study, femtosecond laser-based multi-beam interference laser processing on nanofilms with nanometer thicknesses was demonstrated. The resulting multi-hole, two-dimensional lattice pattern reflected a laser interference fringe formed on the surface of the nanofilm, with no breaks or cracks. In anticipation of the actual nanostructure fabrication, additional laser processing was performed to drill additional holes in the spaces between the existing holes, resulting in high-density multi-point hole drilling beyond the interference fringe pitch. Notably, processing materials with thicknesses close to 100 nm or less is difficult even with a state-of-the-art focused-ion-beam system. The presented method, in contrast, allows instantaneous, submicrometer-scale multi-point hole drilling of nanofilms over a large area, opening up a new frontier of nanoengineering. Future applications will include the fabrication of electron phase plates, membrane-based optomechanical devices, microelectromechanical systems, and engineering of atomic layer materials.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Laser Material Processing Techniques · Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques · Near-Field Optical Microscopy

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (27)

Show source-provided references
1. Y. Uesugi, R. Fukushima, S. Sato, K. Saitoh, Laser interference processing of electron phase holograms by using a femtosecond laser. CLEO SI 2019, SF1E.5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2019.sf1e.510.1364/cleo_si.2019.sf1e.5 ↗
2. Y. Uesugi, R. Fukushima, K. Saitoh, S. Sato, Creating electron phase holograms using femtosecond laser interference processing. Opt. Express 27(15), 20958–20964 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.02095810.1364/OE.27.020958 ↗
3. Y. Uesugi, R. Fukushima, Y. Kozawa, S. Sato, Ultrafast laser ablation of 10-nm self-supporting membranes by two-beam interference processing. Opt. Express 28(18), 26200–26200 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.40094110.1364/oe.400941 ↗
4. Y. Uesugi, Y. Kozawa, S. Sato, Nanoprocessing of free-standing thin films by ultrafast laser ablation. Proc. SPIE 11674, 1167400 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.258739310.1117/12.2587393 ↗
5. M. Malac, S. Hettler, M. Hayashida, E. Kano, R.F. Egerton, M. Beleggia, Phase plates in the transmission electron microscope: operating principles and applications. Microscopy 70(1), 75–115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfaa07010.1093/jmicro/dfaa070 ↗
6. D. Roitman, R. Shiloh, P.H. Lu, R.E. Dunin-Borkowski, A. Arie, Shaping of electron beams using sculpted thin films. ACS Photon. 8(12), 3394–3405 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c0095110.1021/acsphotonics.1c00951 ↗
7. M. Uchida, A. Tonomura, Generation of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Nature 464, 737–739 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature0890410.1038/nature08904 ↗
8. S.M. Lloyd, M. Babiker, G. Thirunavukkarasu, J. Yuan, Electron vortices: beams with orbital angular momentum. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035004 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.03500410.1103/RevModPhys.89.035004 ↗
9. J. Verbeeck, H. Tian, P. Schattschneider, Production and application of electron vortex beams. Nature 467, 301–304 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature0936610.1038/nature09366 ↗
10. V. Grillo, G.C. Gazzadi, E. Karimi, E. Mafakheri, R.W. Boyd, S. Frabboni, Highly efficient electron vortex beams generated by nanofabricated phase holograms. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 043109 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.486356410.1063/1.4863564 ↗
11. T.R. Harvey, J.S. Pierce, A.K. Agrawal, P. Ercius, M. Linck, B.J. McMorran, Efficient diffractive phase optics for electrons. New J. Phys. 16, 093039 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/09303910.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093039 ↗
12. W.H.P. Nielsena, Y. Tsaturyana, C.B. Møllera, E.S.P.A. Schliesser, Multimode optomechanical system in the quantum regime. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114(1), 62–66 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.160841211410.1073/pnas.1608412114 ↗
13. G.S. MacCabe, H. Ren, J. Luo, J.D. Cohen, H. Zhou, A. Sipahigil, M. Mirhosseini, O. Painter, Nano-acoustic resonator with ultralong phonon lifetime. Science 370(6518), 840–843 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc731210.1126/science.abc7312 ↗
14. L. Shao, D. Zhu, M. Colangelo, D. Lee, N. Sinclair, Y. Hu, P.T. Rakich, K. Lai, K.K. Berggren, M. Lončar, Electrical control of surface acoustic waves. Nat. Electron. 5, 348–355 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-022-00773-310.1038/s41928-022-00773-3 ↗
15. X. Chen, C. Chardin, K. Makles, C. Caër, S. Chua, R. Braive, I. Robert-Philip, T. Briant, P.F. Cohadon, A. Heidmann, T. Jacqmin, S. Deléglise, High-finesse Fabry–Perot cavities with bidimensional $$\rm Si3N4$$ photonic-crystal slabs. Light Sci. Appl. 6, e16190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2016.19010.1038/lsa.2016.190 ↗
16. K. Sugioka, Progress in ultrafast laser processing and future prospects. Nanophotonics 6(2), 393–413 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-000410.1515/nanoph-2016-0004 ↗
17. A. Chimmalgi, T.Y. Choi, C.P. Grigoropoulos, K. Komvopoulos, Femtosecond laser apertureless near-field nanomachining of metals assisted by scanning probe microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1146 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.155569310.1063/1.1555693 ↗
18. J. Lutkenhaus, D. George, M. Moazzezi, U. Philipose, Y. Lin, Digitally tunable holographic lithography using a spatial light modulator as a programmable phase mask. Opt. Express 21(22), 26227 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.02622710.1364/OE.21.026227 ↗
19. E. Stankevičius, E. Daugnoraitė, G. Račiukaitis, Mechanism of pillars formation using four-beam interference lithography. Opt. Lasers Eng. 116, 41–46 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.12.01210.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.12.012 ↗
20. J. Berzinš, S. Indrišiūnas, K. van Erve, A. Nagarajan, S. Fasold, M. Steinert, G. Gerini, P. Gečy, T. Pertsc, S.M.B. Bäumr, F. Setzpfandt, Direct and high-throughput fabrication of Mie-resonant metasurfaces via single-pulse laser interference. ACS Nano 2020(14), 6138–6149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c0199310.1021/acsnano.0c01993 ↗
21. P. Hauschwitz, D. Jochcová, R. Jagdheesh, D. Rostohar, J. Brajer, J. Kopeček, M. Cimrman, M. Smrž, T. Mocek, A. Lucianetti, Towards rapid large-scale LIPSS fabrication by 4-beam ps DLIP. Opt. Laser Technol. 133, 106532 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.10653210.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106532 ↗
22. Y. Kozawa, M. Sato, Y. Uesugi, S. Sato, Laser microprocessing of metal surfaces using a tightly focused radially polarized beam. Opt. Lett. 45(22), 6234–6237 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.40585210.1364/OL.405852 ↗
23. B. Richards, E. Wolf, Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems, II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 253, 358–379 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1959.020010.1098/rspa.1959.0200 ↗
24. K.S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T.J. Booth, V.V. Khotkevich, S.V. Morozov, A.K. Geim, Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(30), 10451–10453 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.050284810210.1073/pnas.0502848102 ↗
25. R. Roldán, L. Chirolli, E. Prada, J.A. Silva-Guillén, P. San-Jose, F. Guinea, Theory of 2D crystals: graphene and beyond. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 4387 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00210f10.1039/c7cs00210f ↗
26. Y.R. Wang, S.M. Olaizola, I.S. Han, C.Y. Jin, M. Hopkinson, Direct patterning of periodic semiconductor nanostructures using single-pulse nanosecond laser interference. Opt. Express 28(22), 32529–32539 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.39770910.1364/OE.397709 ↗
27. Y. Shimizu, Laser interference lithography for fabrication of planar scale gratings for optical metrology. Nanomanuf. Metrol. 4, 3–27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-020-00083-210.1007/s41871-020-00083-2 ↗